单词 | cough |
释义 | coughn. 1. The affection of coughing at short intervals, lasting for a longer or shorter period of time; a diseased condition of the respiratory organs manifesting itself in fits of coughing.The affection was down to 1600 usually called the cough (cf. the measles, the cholera, etc.); now in medical language simply cough; a cough is a specific attack, whether of definite duration or chronic, or a particular kind, as ‘a hollow cough’, ‘a churchyard cough’. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > coughing hoasta1300 cough1377 coughing1398 hack1775 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 81 Coughes [C. couhes] and cardiacles, crampes, and tothaches. c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 713 [He] slepith, til that the coughe hath him awaked. ?a1400 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 119 Yf the caughe had them caughte, Of yt I coulde them heale. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 308 Passiouns of þe eeren, & of þe noseþrillis, & cold couȝe. 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Ajv The same water dronken..at mornynge and at nyght..helpeth them that have the cowghe. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xii. 61 It is also good for the drie cowghe. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 178 Fal. What disease hast thou? Bul. A horson cold sir, a cough sir. View more context for this quotation 1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica Pref. sig. dv It is in our Choice, whether a Cough shall run on to a Consumption. 1740–1 J. Swift Let. to Mrs. Whiteway 13 Jan. My cold is now attended with a cough. 1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §21 An excellent medicine for coughs. 1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 247 He was affected with cough and dyspnœa. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxiv. 81 ‘But she has a cough’. ‘Cough!..I've always been subject to a cough’. 1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 355 Cough lies a good deal more under the influence of the will than most coughers suppose. 2. a. A single act of coughing; a violent expulsion of air from the lungs with the characteristic noise. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > coughing > an act of cough1742 1742 R. West Let. 4 Apr. in T. Gray Corr. (1971) I. 190 It will go on, cough after cough..for half an hour together. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth i, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 12 Dwining ventured to give a low cough..by way of signal. 1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) iv. 94 A violent contraction of the expiratory muscles, producing a cough. b. The sound of a bullet or shell being fired or bursting. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > explosive sound > [noun] > of guns or shells flash in the pan1566 bark1871 phut1874 prut1898 pip-pop1902 bom1906 crump1914 crumping1919 poop1919 cough1928 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > sound of firing report1590 rat-tat1907 poop1919 cough1928 piffing1928 1928 E. Blunden Undertones of War ii. 20 The..cough of anti-aircraft shells. 1934 V. M. Yeates Winged Victory i. ii. 20 A loud double cough made his heart jump. It was Archie taking notice of them, and his first shots were always startling. 1969 Listener 12 June 813/3 The cough of mortars (everyone calls it a ‘cough’) and the clatter of sub-machine-guns. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. cough drop n. (a) a ‘drop’ or lozenge taken to cure or alleviate a cough; (b) slang a pungent or disagreeable person or thing; a ‘caution’ (see caution n. 3d). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [noun] > a special thing > an) extraordinary thing(s) singularity1576 extraordinary1589 remarkable1639 extraordinary1650 something else1844 cough drop1851 quite something1909 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for coughs > lozenge cough drop1851 cough-lozengea1893 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 3/1 Vendors of..sweetmeats, brandy-balls, cough drops. 1895 Referee 21 July 7/3 ‘Honest John Burns’,..who would have benefited considerably had his constituents given him a holiday, objects to being called ‘a cough drop’. c1895 Comic Song She looks as if she could curl your hair, Oh you've got a nice little cough drop there. 1897 W. S. Maugham Liza of Lambeth iv. 46 You are a coughdrop—..Ketch me refusin' when I 'ave the chanst. 1908 Daily Chron. 3 June 1/6 Strike me lucky, it was a corf-drop, it was, an' no mistike! 1908 Daily Chron. 10 Aug. 7/4 Didn't I tell you, sir, that she was a cough-drop? 1917 Strand Mag. Dec. 620/2 One o' the lightermen said I was a ‘wonder’, and the other said I was a ‘fair cough-drop’. 1929 J. B. Priestley Good Compan. ii. i. 267 ‘Yond's a coughdrop,’ he announced to the room at large. cough-lozenge n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for coughs > lozenge cough drop1851 cough-lozengea1893 a1893 Mod. Clear your throat with a cough-lozenge. cough medicine n. a medicinal concoction for the alleviation of a cough. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for coughs cock-water1598 bechic1661 cough syrup1808 cough medicine1828 cough mixture1840 pholcodine1954 1828 Bk. of Health 105/1 Major Coccrane's Cough Medicine. 1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit li. 586 He had been surprised to find his fresh supply of cough medicine in such a place. 1928 E. O'Neill Strange Interlude ii. 61 Cough medicine for the corpse, perhaps! cough mixture n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for coughs cock-water1598 bechic1661 cough syrup1808 cough medicine1828 cough mixture1840 pholcodine1954 1840 C. J. B. Williams in A. Tweedie Syst. Pract. Med. III. 70 The frequent use of a cough mixture, to diminish irritation. 1856 Enquire Within p. xii Cough Mixture for Children. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 407 He's got a coughmixture with a punch in it. 1960 D. V. Davis Domest. Encycl. 387 (heading) Cough mixture. A pleasant cough syrup, quite safe for children, can be made by mixing 5 oz. of honey with 4 oz. of treacle and ½ pint of vinegar. coughwort n. a name proposed by Gerarde for the Coltsfoot ( Tussilago farfara). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > coltsfoot horse-hoof1398 foalfoota1400 wowellc1450 Tussilago1510 coltsfoot1552 bull-foot1562 colt's-hoof1565–73 colt-herb1587 coughwort1597 horse-foot1597 flap-dock1846 clay-weed1878 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 667 Tussilago (which may also be Englished Coughwoort). Draft additions September 2022 cough sweet n. a medicated lozenge or boiled sweet used to relieve a cough or soothe a sore throat; a cough drop.Cf. throat sweet n. at Compounds 6. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for coughs > lozenge cough drop1851 cough-lozengea1893 1904 Shields Daily Gaz. 7 Mar. (2nd ed.) (advt.) Hunt's Horehound Candy, the most popular cough sweet made. 1985 S. Hutson Shadows xi. 68 He popped another cough sweet into his mouth and the smell of menthol seemed to intensify. 2020 Irish Times (Nexis) 17 Dec. 19 Cough sweets and lozenges are only suitable for older children and even then, can still pose a serious choke hazard. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2022). coughv.1 1. a. intransitive. To expel the air from the lungs with a more or less violent effort and characteristic noise, produced by the abrupt forcible opening of the previously closed glottis; usually in order to remove something that obstructs or irritates the air-passages. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > cough coughc1325 hoastc1440 yoke1527 tussicate1598 hatch1733 hack1770 c1325 Old Age 8 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 149 I clyng i cluche i croke i couwe. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 100 Sone þis doctour..Coughed [v.r. couȝwede; C. xvi. 109 kowede] and carped. c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Harl.) 511 Softe he cowhiþ [v.r. coughed, cogheth, kougheþ, coude] with a semysoun. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 307 He coȝed ful hyȝe. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 165 Make him cowȝe & spitte out þe quytture. c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 97 (MS. K) Cowyn or hostyn [H. cowhyn, P. cowghen], tussio, tussito. c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. L Neyther mayst thou ryse, cough, spyt, or nese. 1550 J. Heywood Hundred Epigrammes xxviii. sig. Biiv I neuer here them cough [1562 coegh] nor hem. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. ii. 31 Coffe, or cry hem, if any body come. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth x, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 259 Coughing, to conceal from the Provost the excess of his agitation. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 142 The herdsman should be aware of every beast that coughs. 1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right II. xcii. 336 He fell a-coughing violently. b. To confess; to give information (cf. sense 3b). slang (originally U.S.). ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > informing on or against > inform on or against [verb (intransitive)] inform1588 peach1598 whistle1599 sing1612 whiddlec1661 squeak1690 wheedle1710 whittle1735 to blow the gab1785 snitch1801 rat1810 nose1811 sing1816 gnarl1819 split1819 stag1839 clype1843 squeal1846 blow1848 to round on1857 nark1859 pimp1865 squawk1872 ruck1884 to come or turn copper1891 copper1897 sneak1897 cough1901 stool1911 tattle-tale1918 snout1923 talk1924 fink1925 scream1925 sarbut1928 grass1929 to turn over1967 dime1970 society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)] > reveal one's true character > confess subscribea1616 confess to1771 own1772 admit1830 to make a clean breast of1838 fess1840 to own up1844 to spit it out1855 to make a clean breast of it1878 cough1901 to come clean1919 to spill one's guts (out)1927 tell papa1929 1901 ‘J. Flynt’ World of Graft 102 They put him in the sweat-box, and made him cough, an' you know the rest. 1962 M. Procter Devil in Moonlight vi. 56 Would you cough with five thousand in the kitty, and nobody able to prove where you'd got it from? 1970 W. J. Burley To kill Cat x. 175 Once he realized we had it on him he was ready to cough fast enough. c. To fire shells. Cf. cough n. 2b. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate artillery [verb (intransitive)] > discharge artillery > of specific type bombard1598 pom-pom1900 cough1925 1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words Coughing Clara, a nickname for a heavy gun. 1934 V. M. Yeates Winged Victory i. ii. 21 It was not easy..to keep formation when Archie was coughing with black hate all the while. d. Of an engine, etc.: to make noise like coughing; to misfire. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > engine sound > [verb (intransitive)] > back-fire or misfire cough1884 backfire1902 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xix. 158 A steamboat, coughing along up stream. 1936 E. S. Gardner Case of Stuttering Bishop (1937) vii. 111 A donkey engine coughed into rhythmic explosions. 1949 J. R. Cole It was so Late 87 Then the engine coughed and picked up sharply as the throttle was slammed open. 1954 D. Christie & C. Christie Carrington V.C. in Plays of Year 563 Well, going up a hill like the side of a house, the car started to cough, then it stopped. 2. a. transitive. To express or utter by coughing. ΚΠ c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 891 Koghe thow not thenne thy thonkes. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 148 No stationary steeds Cough their own knell. b. To bring into a specified condition by coughing. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (transitive)] > cough up or out > bring into specific condition by coughing cough1837 1837 E. Howard Old Commodore I. ix. 293 I think I am the first naval officer who ever coughed himself into a commission. 1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere II. iii. xxi. 201 One of them..was sitting up..and coughing its little life away. 1904 L. T. Meade Love Triumphant Prol. ii He kept..coughing as though he would cough his life away. 3. a. With out, up. To eject or get rid of by coughing. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > discharge [verb (transitive)] > cough or spit up reachOE cough1362 hawk1581 expectorate1601 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 205 Glotoun was a gret cherl..And cowhede vp a cawdel in clementis lappe. 1646 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple 122 This last cough, Ælia, cought out all thy feare. 1660 C. Ellis Gentile Sinner iv. 239 It has well nigh Cough'd out it's very heart. 1797 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) v. 93 The tubular substances coughed up. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] speakc900 sayOE sayOE tell?a1160 to put forth?c1225 posea1325 allegec1330 declarec1330 exponec1380 to bring fortha1382 expounda1382 terminec1384 allaya1387 express1386 proport1387 purport1389 cough1393 generalize?a1425 deliverc1454 expremec1470 to show forth1498 promisea1500 term1546 to set forward1560 attribute1563 to throw out1573 quote1575 dictate1599 rendera1616 preport1616 enunciate1623 remonstrate1625 state1642 pronunciate1652 annunciate1763 present1779 enounce1805 report1842 constate1865 lodge1885 outen1951 society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)] cough1393 wrayc1425 to break a secreta1450 to tell allc1450 to bring (also put) to light1526 to let on1725 to open up1884 to come out of the closet1971 to come out1976 society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] unwryc825 unhelec1000 to draw forthc1175 unhillc1200 to bring forth?c1225 unsteekc1250 let witc1275 uncovera1300 wraya1300 knowc1300 barea1325 shrivec1374 unwrapc1374 again-covera1382 nakena1382 outc1390 tellc1390 disclosea1393 cough1393 unhidea1400 unclosec1400 unhaspc1400 bewrayc1405 reveal1409 accusea1413 reveil1424 unlocka1425 unrekec1425 disclude?1440 uncurec1440 utter1444 detect1447 break1463 expose1483 divinec1500 revelate1514 to bring (also put) to light1526 decipher1529 rake1547 rip1549 unshadow1550 to lay to sight1563 uppen1565 unlace1567 unvisor?1571 resign1572 uncloak1574 disshroud1577 spill1577 reap1578 unrip1579 scour1585 unharboura1586 unmask1586 uncase1587 descrya1591 unclasp?1592 unrive1592 discover1594 unburden1594 untomb1594 unhusk1596 dismask1598 to open upc1600 untruss1600 divulge1602 unshale1606 unbrace1607 unveil1609 rave1610 disveil1611 unface1611 unsecret1612 unvizard1620 to open up1624 uncurtain1628 unscreen1628 unbare1630 disenvelop1632 unclothe1632 to lay forth1633 unshroud1633 unmuffle1637 midwife1638 dissecret1640 unseal1640 unmantle1643 to fetch out1644 undisguise1655 disvelop1658 decorticate1660 clash1667 exert1692 disinter1711 to up with1715 unbundlea1739 develop1741 disembosom1745 to open out1814 to let out1833 unsack1846 uncrown1849 to bring (out) in (also into) the open1861 unfrock1866 disbosom1868 to blow the lid off1928 flush1950 surface1955 to take or pull the wraps off1964 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter leadOE givec1175 tell?c1225 talkc1275 to set upa1325 to put outc1350 soundc1374 to give upc1386 pronouncea1393 cough1393 moutha1400 profera1400 forth withc1400 utterc1400 to put forth1535 display1580 vent1602 accent1603 respeak1604 vocalize1669 fetch1707 go1836 outen1951 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vii. 163 Al þat ich wiste wickede by eny of our couent, Ich cowede hit vp in oure cloistre. c1480 Ragman Roll 183 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 77 Aftir that ye coghyn up a songe. c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1224 Lett vs syng, I say. Cowff vp þi brest. 1541 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 711 To make her confesse the thinges testified against her, and allso to cowgh out the rest, not yett discovered. c. With up. To bring out, present, hand over; esp. to pay up (money). Also absol. slang (originally U.S.). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > pay up or out to pay out1438 to pay over1668 to shell down1801 pony1819 tip1829 to fork out, over, or up1831 to stump up1833 to put up1838 stump1841 pungle1851 to ante up1880 cough1894 to peg out1895 brass1898 society > trade and finance > payment > pay [verb (intransitive)] > pay up or out to shell out1821 dub1823 stump1828 to stump up1836 tip1847 cash1854 to ante up1861 to fund up1888 pony1894 brass1898 cough1920 to pay up1941 to dig down1942 1894 San Francisco Midwinter Appeal 27 Jan. 2/4 Cough up a nickel, read the paper, and get the latest of camp doings. 1904 W. H. Smith Promoters vii. 122 I'll cough up the stock and bonds all right. 1909 ‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny xix. 324 Everybody cough up what matches he's got. 1920 G. Moore Esther Waters xiv. 119 Now, then, old girl, cough up! I must have a few halfpence. 1923 P. G. Wodehouse Inimitable Jeeves iv. 46 Thanks to Jeeves I was not going to be called on to cough up several thousand quid. 1929 P. G. Wodehouse Summer Lightning vii. 148 Will you or will you not cough up that pig? 1959 ‘A. Gilbert’ Death takes Wife xv. 195 He coughed up. Don't ask me why. d. To utter or express with a cough. ΚΠ 1837 E. Howard Old Commodore I. ix. 293 I coughed out my gratitude. 4. to cough down: to ‘put down’ or silence (a speaker) by coughing so as to drown his voice. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > refrain from uttering [verb (transitive)] > silence or prevent from speaking to stop a person's mouthc1175 stilla1225 to keep ina1420 stifle1496 to knit up1530 to muzzle (up) the mouth1531 choke1533 muzzle?1542 to tie a person's tongue1544 tongue-tiea1555 silence1592 untongue1598 to reduce (a person or thing) to silence1605 to bite in1608 gaga1616 to swear downa1616 to laugh down1616 stifle1621 to cry down1623 unworda1627 clamour1646 splint1648 to take down1656 snap1677 stick1708 shut1809 to shut up1814 to cough down1823 to scrape down1855 to howl down1872 extinguish1878 hold1901 shout1924 to pipe down1926 1823 New Monthly Mag. 9 299/2 If he will make long speeches, he must be coughed down. a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 44 Who cheer one orator and cough down another. 5. causal. To cause to cough: see quot. 1832. ΚΠ 1832 W. Youatt in Lancet 14 Apr. 40/2 The dealers' habit of coughing the horse, i.e. pressing upon the larynx to make him cough, in order that they may judge of the state of his wind. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > make foolish or a fool of [verb (transitive)] > oneself to cough (a person) a daw, fool, momea1529 to make oneself an ass?1548 fordote1563 to make an ass of oneself1671 silly1866 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > befool, dupe [phrase] to put an ape in a person's hoodc1330 to glaze one's houvec1369 to cough (a person) a daw, fool, momea1529 to make a fool of1534 to give (any one) the bobc1540 to lead (a person) a dancea1545 to make (someone) an ass1548 to make (a person) an ox1566 to play bob-fool witha1592 to sell any one a bargain1598 to put the fool on1649 to make a monkey (out) of1767 to play (a person) for a sucker (also fool, etc.)1869 to string (someone) along1902 to swing it on or across1923 a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Ciiiiv Wylt coughe me a dawe for forty pens. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Ciiiiv A I trowe ye shall coughe me a fole. a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. ii. sig. D.iijv If he come abroade, he shall cough me a mome. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. G6 Else he may chaunce to cough himselfe a dawe for his labour. 1594 J. Lyly Mother Bombie i. iii. sig. B2v I know hee will cough for anger that I yeeld not, but he shall cough mee a foole for his labour. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † coughv.2 Obsolete. = coff v., to purchase, acquire, get. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] wieldeOE haveeOE ofgoOE oweOE addlec1175 winc1175 avela1200 to come by ——a1225 covera1250 oughtc1275 reachc1275 hentc1300 purchasec1300 to come to ——c1330 getc1330 pickc1330 chevise1340 fang1340 umbracec1350 chacche1362 perceivea1382 accroacha1393 achievea1393 to come at ——a1393 areach1393 recovera1398 encroach?a1400 chevec1400 enquilec1400 obtainc1422 recurec1425 to take upc1425 acquirea1450 encheve1470 sortise1474 conques?a1500 tain1501 report1508 conquest1513 possess1526 compare1532 cough1550 coff1559 fall1568 reap1581 acquist1592 accrue1594 appurchasec1600 recoil1632 to get at ——1666 to come into ——1672 rise1754 net1765 to fall in for1788 to scare up1846 access1953 1550 H. Latimer Moste Faithfull Serm. before Kynges Maiestye sig. Dviiiv If euerye man that beguiled the kinge shuld make restitucion..it wold cough the kinge xx. m. poundes... Alac alac, make restitucion..ye wil cough in hel elsse, that all the deuylles there wyll laughe at your coughinge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1377v.1c1325v.21550 |
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