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单词 counterpoint
释义

counterpointn.1

Brit. /ˈkaʊntəpɔɪnt/, U.S. /ˈkaʊn(t)ərˌpɔɪnt/
Forms: Also 1500s counterpoinct, conterpoynt, conterpointe, Scottish cuntirpoint, 1700s contrapoint.
Etymology: In sense 1, < French contrepoint (15th cent. in Littré) = Old Italian contrapunto, in medieval Latin contrapunctum, cantus contrapunctus, lit. ‘song or music pointed-against,’ the part added as accompaniment to a plain-song being indicated by notes, ‘pricks’, or ‘points’, set against (over or under) the notes or points of the original melody. In senses 3, 4, < counter- prefix 2b, 2e, 2g.
I. Music.
1. The melody added as accompaniment to a given melody or ‘plain-song’. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > part in harmony or counterpoint > other parts
counter-notec1380
organa1382
pricksong1495
counterpoint1530
cant organ?1553
diapason1594
counter-tune1605
contrapart1660
counterpart1706
free part1782
organum1782
sub-bass1839
counter-melody1931
countersubject1947
infra-bass1958
voice1967
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 208/2 Conterpoynt, contrepoynt.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 31 The lyntquhit sang cuntirpoint quhen the osȝil ȝelpit.
1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote III. xxviii. 197 To your braying Music, what counterpoint Could you expect but bat blows?
1717 L. Howel Desiderius (ed. 3) 176 By the second and third, which are Humility and Patience, you will perform Contrapoint; for Humility and Patience are contrary to Man's Will.
1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise i. 306 A rainy wind from 'twixt the trees arose, And sang a mournful counterpoint to those.
1880 Ouseley in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 407 It is usual to take some fragment of an old chant or chorale as the ‘canto fermo’ or plain-chant, to which other parts or melodies are added as accompaniments..This is called ‘adding a counterpoint to a given subject’.
2.
a. The art of adding one or more melodies as accompaniment to a given melody or ‘plain-song’ according to certain fixed rules; the style of composition in which melodies are thus combined. double counterpoint: counterpoint in which the melodies are so constructed as to admit of being placed in any order above or below one another.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > counterpoint
counterpoint1597
contrapunct1694
polyphony1790
polyphonism1864
triple counterpoint1869
polyphone1875
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 71 The first waie wherein we shew the vse of the cordes, is called Counterpoint: that is, when to a note of the plainsong, there goeth but one note of descant.
1655 Campion's Art of composing Musick in Parts in J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick ii. 2 Counterpoint..was the old maner of composing parts together, by setting points or prickes one against another.
1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music v. §9. 67 Counterpoint, or an artificial Composition in various Parts, was altogether unknown.
1880 Ouseley in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 408 Plain counterpoint is generally divided into five species. The first is called ‘note against note’..The second species is called ‘two notes to one’..The third species is called ‘four notes to one’..The fourth is called ‘syncopated counterpoint’..The fifth species is called ‘florid counterpoint’.
b. transferred. The combination of two types of rhythm in a line of verse.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > combining two rhythms
counterpointc1873
counterpointingc1873
c1873–4 G. M. Hopkins Note-bks. & Papers (1937) 238 When the caesura is fixed by rule we have rhythmic counterpoint. By counterpoint I mean the carrying on of two figures at once, especially if they are alike in kind but very unlike or opposite in species.
1878 G. M. Hopkins Let. 5 Oct. (1935) 15 I have written..in the ordinary scanning counterpointed (this is counterpoint: ‘Hóme to his móther's hoúse prívate retúrned’..); others, one or two, in common counterpointed rhythm.
1942 T. S. Eliot Mus. Poetry 12 Part of the pleasure in the poetry arose from the presence in it of two metrical schemes in a kind of counterpoint.
II. general.
3. A contrary point (in an argument). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > contradictory point
elencha1529
counterpoint1565
destructory1621
destructive1640
the reverse of the medalc1660
elenchus1663
backfall1838
1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare iii. 205 Here M. Hardinge by countrepointes..compareth the state of the Primitiue Churche, and his Churche of Rome togeather.
a1626 L. Andrewes Serm. (1856) I. 158 Which two counterpoints make in shew a conflict or contradiction between the Prophet and the Evangelist.
4. The opposite point; †the exact opposite, antithesis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [noun] > the opposite of something
contraryc1386
reversec1405
the contraverse1480
nothing less?1520
contrariety1532
negative1532
oppositive1561
different1571
diameter1579
contrariwise1588
opposition1594
counterpoint1599
oppositea1616
other thing1628
antipodes1641
inverse1645
contra1648
contrast1754
converse1786
contrariant1848
antipole1856
obverse1862
antithetic1863
contradictory1874
antipathy-
the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [noun] > the opposite point
halfa885
part1485
counterpoint1599
ranverse1675
counterposition1861
contrapositive1870
countertype1880
antitype1926
the world > space > relative position > opposite position > [noun] > that which or one who is opposite in position > opposite point
oppositec1385
counterpoint1599
overthwart1674
1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 167 Who affecting in them selves and followers a certeine Angelicall purity, fell sodainely to the very counterpoinct of justifying bestiality.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 834 The portall..standing in counterpoint with the third gate aboue mentioned.
1605 B. Jonson Sejanus iii. i. 127 My ambition is the counter-poynt . View more context for this quotation
1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary iii. vi. 176 Should her love..Veer to the counterpoint.

Derivatives

ˈcounterpointist n. a contrapuntist.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > study or science of music > music scholar > [noun] > counterpoint
contrapuntist1776
counterpointist1826
polyphonist1864
1826 M. Kelly Reminisc. I. 225 I compare a good melodist to a fine racer, and counterpointists to hack post horses.
ˈcounterpointless adj. lacking counterpoint.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [adjective] > counterpoint > lacking counterpoint
counterpointless1887
1887 E. Gurney Tertium Quid II. 30 Figureless counterpointless see-sawings.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

counterpointn.2

Forms: Middle English counturpynt, conter-, Middle English cowntyr-, cowntter-, cownter-, counterpoynt(e, 1500s–1600s counterpoint(e.
Etymology: < Old French contrepointe (15th cent. in Littré), synonym of countepointe , both forms being apparently corruptions of Old French cuilte-pointe , coulte-pointe , coute-pointe , representing Latin culcita puncta (see Du Cange) lit. ‘quilt stabbed or stitched through, quilted mattress’. The first element is thus the same word as quilt n.1; the second has, since 1600, been altered to pane.
Obsolete.
A quilted cover for a bed; a counterpane n.1
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > household linen > bedclothes > [noun] > outer cover
coverture?c1225
chalon1301
coverlet1382
coverlida1400
quiltpointc1400
pane1405
counterpointa1475
liggera1483
happing1503
counterpane1626
palampore1676
spread1750
duvet1759
mata1894
suggan1907
eiderdown1950
1423 Schedule, 1 Hen. VI Add. MS. 4603 f. 170 Item le testour..Item le Counterpoint du dit lit.]
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 455 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 314 Þo counturpynt he lays on beddys fete.
1524 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 186 My best fetherbed and oon cowntter poynte of tapstre worke.
1588 in G. J. Piccope Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1861) III. 13 A feather bedd a bolster and a counter~poynte of tapistree.
1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote IV. xxix. 223 Hid with the sheets and counterpoint.
1694 London Gaz. No. 2949/4 Stolen..Curtains and Counterpoint of a Bed, of Indian Damask.

Compounds

counterpoint-maker n.
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Contrepointerie, the shop of a Quilter, or Counterpoint-maker.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

counterpointv.1

Etymology: < Old French contrepointer (in 15th cent. also coutepoincter ) to quilt, < contrepointe , etc. noun: see counterpoint n.1In French this verb has run together with an original word contre-pointer to set point against point, add the counterpoint in music, point a battery against another, cross, thwart, etc.: see Cotgrave and Littré.
Obsolete. rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
To quilt by stitching together two pieces of cloth with an intervening layer of padding.
ΚΠ
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Imbottire, to stuffe, to quilt, to bumbase or counterpoint.
1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. at Contrapuntear To counterpoint.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

counterpointv.2

Brit. /ˈkaʊntəpɔɪnt/, U.S. /ˈkaʊn(t)ərˌpɔɪnt/
Etymology: < counterpoint n.1
1. intransitive. To compose or play musical counterpoint. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > compose music [verb (intransitive)] > specific type of music
madrigal1593
counterpoint1875
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform music [verb (intransitive)] > perform specific type of music
serenade1671
prelude1680
fugue1783
pastoralize1828
preludize1829
symphonize1833
ran-tan1866
counterpoint1875
rag1896
ragtime1908
jazz1916
rock1931
jivec1938
bop1947
blow1949
rock-and-roll1956
skiffle1957
hip-hop1983
1875 H. Parry in C. L. Graves H. Parry I. iv. 155 Counterpointing, practising and collecting and setting microscopic specimens.
2. transitive. To write or add a counterpoint to.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > harmonize [verb (transitive)] > add counterpoint to
descanta1450
counterpoint1877
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > put into rhythm [verb (transitive)] > add another rhythm to
counterpoint1877
1877 G. M. Hopkins Let. 21 Aug. (1935) 45 Milton keeps up a fiction of counterpointing the heard rhythm..upon a standard rhythm which is never heard but only counted.
1894 G. Du Maurier Trilby I. i. 41 They..fugued and canoned and counterpointed [that simple melody].
1965 Listener 4 Nov. 733/2 The orchestra..counterpoints the vocal part.
3. To set in contrast; to emphasize a contrast between (two things) by juxtaposition; also with against.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > be contrary to [verb (transitive)] > set in opposition
to set off1598
to show offa1616
contrapose1617
counterpose1657
counterpoint1940
1940 Scrutiny 9 242 Arruntius's belief and unbelief and Sejanus's unbelief and belief are, so to speak, counterpointed.
1959 Encounter July 52/2 Counterpointed against Betty's stolid decency is the frenetic nihilism of his editor.

Derivatives

ˈcounterpointed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adjective] > contrasting or having force of contrast
antiperistatic1601
contrastive1816
counterpointed1877
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [adjective] > containing more than one rhythm
counterpointed1877
polyrhythmical1898
1877 G. M. Hopkins Let. 21 Aug. (1935) 45 Counterpointed verse..supposes a well-known and unmistakeable or unforgetable [sic] standard rhythm.
1962 Listener 4 Oct. 531/2 Joyce's interest in the counterpointed meaning of language and music.
ˈcounterpointing n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [noun] > action of contrasting
counterpointingc1873
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > combining two rhythms
counterpointc1873
counterpointingc1873
c1873–4 G. M. Hopkins Note-bks. & Papers (1937) 236 The counterpointing upon an eight- or nine-syllabled four-beat iambic line of a rhythm of six beats in two parts.
1941 L. MacNeice Poetry of Yeats viii. 180 His [sc. Yeats's] very subtle rhythmical ‘counterpointing’, as Gerard Manley Hopkins would have called it, was more congenial to us than Hopkins's own ‘sprung rhythm’.
1959 Listener 29 Jan. 204/2 The verse letters represent a remarkable counterpointing of the formal and the colloquial.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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