α. 1800s– cultural.
β. 1900s– culcheral, 1900s– culchural, 1900s– culshural, 1900s– cultcheral, 1900s– cultchural.
γ. 1900s– kulcheral, 1900s– kulchural, 1900s– kultchural, 1900s– kultural.
culturaladj.n.
/ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rəl/, /ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rl̩/, U.S. /ˈkəltʃ(ə)rəl/ A. adj. Of or relating to culture (in various senses).
1.
a. Of or relating to intellectual and artistic pursuits.
ΚΠ
1856 F. Lieber Lect. Hist. & Uses Athenæums 11 In giving you..an enumeration of the different classes of institutions constituting the School, I have omitted an entire class of cultural establishments... I hope you allow the word cultural to pass without censure... I do not see why we should not have Cultural since we have Culture.
1890 Jrnl. Education 1 Nov. 631/2 Nobody denies..the cultural value of Greek and Roman history.
1915 Chicago Tribune 28 Apr. 6/3 If we want a pure, unadulterated educational and cultural evening we can spend it better at the library than at the theater.
1922 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 29 Aug. 9/3 Meetings are held weekly..and the topics of discussion are on a remarkably high cultural plane.
1954 O. W. Freeman Pacific NorthWest 454 Western Washington College of Education is both an economic and a cultural asset.
1982 J. C. Raymond Literacy as Human Probl. 14 It would be convenient if literacy could be given out like hot lunches in the schools—cultural nourishment to make avid readers of children who see no books at home.
2003 Film Comment Jan. 11/2 Wilkerson plans to establish a micro-cinema and concert space to bring alternative cultural events to the town.
b. Of, belonging to, or relating to the culture of a particular society, people, or period.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > [adjective]
civilizational1848
cultural1875
society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [adjective]
cultural1875
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [adjective] > relating to culture
cultural1875
1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. 172 All these widely-sundered tribes of men, found at the dawn of history in every variety of cultural condition.
1898 Daily News 30 Aug. 5/1 The gigantic cultural problems awaiting solution in the Russian Empire.
1909 Westm. Gaz. 22 Apr. 5/2 The Professor [sc. Doerpsfeld] says the excavations reveal several distinct cultural deposits.
1921 E. Sapir Lang. x. 221 How do the peoples of the given area divide themselves as cultural beings? what are the outstanding ‘cultural areas’?
1977 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 22 29 Some affinities between Iberian, Basque and Aquitanian in the form of proper names suggest a degree of cultural interaction.
1996 A. T. Hakiwai in D. C. Starzecka Maori Art & Culture iii. 50 Today I recall these ancient words as a reaffirmation of our cultural origins and as a celebration of our tribal ancestors.
c. Of or relating to the philosophy, practices, and attitudes of a business or other organization or institution. Cf. culture n. 7c.
ΚΠ
1980 Syracuse (N.Y.) Post-Standard 22 Sept. b7/1 The decision..to transform the company from a service-oriented utility to a market-oriented communications business is..a major organizational—and cultural—change.
1986 Times 3 Feb. 4/6 There was a lot of cultural opposition to it, not just from the trade unions, but from the management and board.
2003 New Yorker 27 Jan. 31/1 Consulting firms..have advised companies on how to identify ‘cultural needs’, strengthen ‘core values’, and create ‘corporate celebration’ rituals.
2007 U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 9 Apr. The idea of listening to customers rather than lecturing to them is a big cultural shift for most companies.
2.
a. Of or relating to the culture or cultivation of plants, fish, crops, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > [adjective]
cultural1868
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [adjective]
intensive1832
piscicultural1856
cultural1868
fish-cultural1872
maricultural1903
sea-farming1962
1868 J. Scott (title) The orchardist, or a cultural and descriptive catalogue of fruit trees.
1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 2 June Supp. Fish Cultural Apparatus in operation.
1931 K. M. Smith Textbk. Agric. Entomol. vii. 88 Cultural remedies should take the form of early sowing, and deep autumn ploughing to destroy the hibernating larvae.
1950 I. W. Duggan Financing Farm Business (ed. 2) xi. 149 These and other approved cultural practices may be important factors in keeping the risks of crop failure to a minimum.
2006 Idaho Statesman (Nexis) 5 Sept. Tour of the table grape vineyards, peaches and nectarines, and discussion/ questions/ answers on various cultural practices of fruit crops.
b. Biology. Of or relating to the culture (culture n. 3a) of microorganisms, cells, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adjective] > culturing
cultivated1881
cultured1884
cultural1889
subcultured1901
1889 Lancet 11 May 943/2 Evidence of the presence in our metropolitan supplies of several kinds of organisms, each having cultural characters of its own.
1900 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 5 259 The bacillus recovered by us from our several autopsies always showed the same cultural characters.
1939 E. A. Bessey Text-bk. Mycol. (new ed.) iii. 69 Under certain cultural conditions the hypha may form ovoid or clavate zoosporangia in chains.
1969 S. T. Lyles Biol. Microorganisms v. 103 Cultural methods will depend both on the organism studied and the purpose for which the study is made.
2004 Animal Feed Sci. & Technol. 117 184 Cultural purity was determined by phase-contrast microscopy.
B. n.
An aspect of culture. Also (with the): that which is cultural.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture > in particular society
culture1860
paideia1892
cultural1904
1904 Nation (N.Y.) 8 Dec. 466/1 There has been an interaction between all human culturals, namely, between industry, knowledge, art, conduct, and religion.
1925 Amer. Speech 1 103/2 The cultural is what enriches life.
1947 South-Central Bull. 7 3/3 What the sociologist calls the ‘culturals’ of society—religion, philosophy, politics and the fine arts and polite literature.
2001 B. Fine Social Capital versus Social Theory xi. 193 We are so bombarded..with culturally embedded attempts to sell us things that it is surely inescapable that the cultural has an impact upon the economic.
Compounds
cultural activism n. the use or creation of art, literature, or other cultural products to promote social change; (also) political activism promoting (a particular) culture.
ΚΠ
1938 A. R. Weir & G. W. Shaw tr. R. Stansky Educ. & Cultural Syst. Czechoslovak Republic 126 Cultural activism, from the year 1918 onwards, has continually existed.
1980 Times 28 Apr. 11/4 The parallels with West Indian cultural activism in London were striking.
2007 Heidelberger (Austral.) (Nexis) 21 Feb. 2 A free public seminar, exploring cultural activism and the role of the arts in social change.
cultural activist n. a person who engages in cultural activism.
ΚΠ
1956 A. Cretzianu et al. Captive Rumania iv. 152 ‘Cultural activists’ [Rom. activiştii secţiilor culturale activists of the cultural sectors]..should make a point of ‘checking the content and orientation of works performed in the theatres’.
1990 N.Y. Times 15 Apr. ii. 27/3 I'm a cultural activist. I believe that it's through culture and experience that you change people.
2006 Callaloo 29 1042 Cultural activists expressed alarm at efforts by the city to suppress the cultural life of Black New Orleans.
cultural affairs n. matters relating to the culture of a particular nation, as an official or governmental concern; frequently (with capital initials) in the names of government agencies and offices.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > sphere of politics or affairs of state > branch of
interior1838
cultural affairs1918
1918 Times 3 Oct. 10/4 The main principle must be to guarantee to all races of Austria..self determination in national cultural affairs in their respective territories.
1959 K. Tynan Let. 13 June (1994) iv. 235 Janet fixed for me to interview Malraux at the new Ministry for Cultural Affairs.
1992 Economist 1 Aug. 38/1 [He] runs information and cultural affairs.
2002 O. Figes Natasha's Dance (2003) vi. iv. 483 Stalin was not ignorant of cultural affairs. He read serious literature.
cultural appropriation n. the unacknowledged or inappropriate adoption of the practices, customs, or aesthetics of one social or ethnic group by members of another (typically dominant) community or society.
ΚΠ
1945 A. E. Christy Asian Legacy & Amer. Life 39 The guiding principle of European cultural appropriation from the Orient continued to be laissez faire.
1968 H. Cruse Rebellion or Revol.? viii. 120 The economic benefits derived from the creative and artistic use of Negro cultural ingredients were reaped by the whites through the simple practice of cultural appropriation of aesthetic ideas not native to their own tradition.
2003 T. Birch in M. Grossman Blacklines xi. 150 Houses, streets, suburbs, and whole cities have Indigenous names. This is an exercise in cultural appropriation, which represents imperial possession and the quaintness of the ‘native’.
2015 THIS Mag. Sept. 9/1 Montreal's Osheaga festival bans headdresses, giving cultural appropriation a big fashion don't.
cultural attaché n. an embassy official responsible for promoting cultural relations between his or her country and that to which he or she is posted.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > other diplomatic officers
chancellor1788
attaché1827
press attaché1898
counsellor1914
cultural attaché1937
1937 Times 31 Aug. 11/2 There is a proposal..that three ‘cultural attachés’ should be appointed to the more important embassies and consulates in foreign countries.
1970 ‘E. McGirr’ Death pays Wages ii. 43 He got the Cultural Attaché to translate that for him.
2001 R. Nicoll White Male Heart (2002) 153 He's a minor diplomat in the embassy there, cultural attaché, although he does bugger all.
cultural centre n. (a) the centre of cultural activity in an area or region; (b) a public building or site for the exhibition or promotion of arts and culture, esp. of a particular region or people.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > public building > [noun] > other spec.
hallc1302
prytaneum1577
praetorium?1586
Roman bath1680
Colosseum1809
kursaal1850
scuola1851
culture centre1890
cultural centre1891
club1896
1891 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 4 19 We must assume that a certain cultural centre corresponds to our second province of legends.
1958 J. Stevens tr. F. M. Heichelheim Anc. Econ. Hist. I. 337 The ‘Oriental’ subdivision of our territory took over as a global cultural centre and had prevalence during the Ancient Oriental millennia.
1977 Economist (Nexis) 21 May 10 The explosion which rocked the American cultural centre in Madrid..was the postscript to a week in which five people died in strikes and demonstrations.
2006 Wallpaper June 178/2 A former dour Glaswegian-turned-jovial Curitiban..now runs the Anglo-Brazilian cultural centre.
cultural cleansing n. the eradication of the customs, language, etc., of a particular group, esp. through official or legal measures; (also) (euphemistic) = ethnic cleansing n.
ΚΠ
1983 H. Grosshans Hitler & Artists i. 26 Many of the steps taken by Hitler and the Nazis to carry out this ‘cultural cleansing’ are well known.
1995 U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 13 Nov. 55 A 1977 bill..banned English business and shop signs... Under the pressure of that sort of cultural cleansing, tens of thousands of non-French Quebecers..have moved away.
2001 Native Amer. Times (Electronic ed.) 1 Aug. 6 c Federal Indian policies generally had the underlying theme of cultural cleansing.
cultural corridor n. (a) a geographical area which forms a conduit for contact between the cultures of two disparate regions; (b) Town Planning (originally U.S.) a district or route featuring or connecting multiple cultural attractions, regarded as a centre of tourism or urban revitalization.
ΚΠ
1965 Amer. Anthropologist 67 839 The Transvaal..forms a cultural corridor between the center of the continent and the cul-de-sac of the southern tip of Africa.
1967 Los Angeles Times 3 Feb. i. 16/1 The area..is a key to the future of the city... Some planners have called it the ‘cultural corridor’ of Saint Louis.
1997 A. M. Klein Baseball on Border 7 The international boundary is complex, porous, and consists of a cultural corridor some three hundred miles wide on both sides.
2007 Irish Times (Nexis) 15 Mar. 2 A ‘cultural corridor’ will link the museum, gallery, and library to the Yeats building in the city.
cultural cringe n. originally Australian a national attitude characterized by deference to the cultural achievements of other societies.
ΚΠ
1950 A. A. Phillips in Meanjin 9 299 Above our writers—and other artists—looms the intimidating mass of Anglo-Saxon culture. Such a situation almost inevitably produces the characteristic Australian Cultural Cringe.
1984 Canberra Times 26 Apr. 8/5 The expatriate view of a derivative and unimportant people is so much an accepted part of our cultural cringe that we are embarrassed or unbelieving about European enthusiasm for things Australian.
2007 Apollo (Nexis) 1 Mar. 17 Cultural cringe is..flourishing in the United Kingdom.
cultural desert n. depreciative a place or situation regarded as devoid of culture or intellectual interest.
ΚΠ
1921 B. Tarkington in Red Bk. Mag. Oct. 33/1 Miss Muriel Eliot's mood..was so advanced and intellectual that she found all round about her only a cultural desert.
1955 N. Shute Requiem for Wren (1956) 13 Australia was a cultural desert that no decent person would dream of living in.
2005 Independent 20 June 34/1 Norman Levine decided to leave Canada's cultural desert and return to an England he had come to admire.
cultural diplomacy n. the furthering of international relations by cultural exchange; the practice of publicizing and exhibiting examples of one's national culture abroad.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > business of advertising > [noun] > public relations > furthering of international relations
cultural diplomacy1959
1959 R. H. Thayer in U.S. Dept. of State Bull. 31 Aug. 310/2 Today we have, in the forefront of the implementation of our foreign policy, ‘cultural diplomacy’, to my mind the most important means of bringing complete mutual understanding between peoples.
1968 Afr. Today 15 8 (title) Cultural diplomacy in African writing.
1986 Financial Times 3 Mar. 20/5 The Council states frankly: ‘The challenge begins at home in trying to win recognition for the relevance of cultural diplomacy to Britain's influence and prosperity.’
2003 C. Klein Cold War Orientalism iii. 138 At the same time that the State Department prevented Paul Robeson from leaving the U. S., it promoted the travel of many other black artists, writers, and cultural figures through its various cultural diplomacy programs.
cultural exchange n. a temporary reciprocal exchange of representatives, students, or artists between countries, with the aim of fostering goodwill and mutual understanding.
ΚΠ
1923 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 2 Feb. 6/6 The minister's enthusiasm for more active cultural exchanges between the two countries was genuine.
1970 Times 24 Mar. 4 Rumania maintains today cultural exchanges with over 70 countries.
2006 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 19 Oct. 59/4 The American interuniversity organization for cultural exchanges with Eastern Europe, suspended, in protest, the exchange of research scholars with Hungary.
cultural festival n. a festival featuring arts and events specific to a particular culture, esp. one celebrating and promoting that culture in a wider public context; (also more generally) an arts festival.
ΚΠ
1938 Fitchburg (Mass.) Sentinel 16 Aug. 6/1 Somebody persuaded Miss Salminen to go to Germany to participate in a ‘Nordic cultural festival’.
1994 Harper's Mag. Dec. 24/2 Lollapalooza, the ‘alternative rock’ and cultural festival that tours the United States each summer.
2004 National Rev. (New Delhi) Oct. 31/1 The famous Mamankam (a cultural festival held every 12 years during the time of the Zamorins).
cultural hegemony n. cultural dominance or ascendancy; the predominance of a particular set of cultural norms; spec. (in Marxist theory) the cultural domination of a society by a ruling class which imposes or inculcates its own ideas, values, etc., thereby ensuring acceptance of the status quo by other classes (cf. false consciousness n. at false adj., adv., and n. Additions).In Marxist theory, chiefly associated with Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937).
ΚΠ
1918 Young India Feb. 14/2 This maritime enterprise gave to India the cultural hegemony ultimately over Burma, Java, Siam, Annam, and Japan.
1948 J. Kunitz Russ. Lit. since Revol. Introd. 4 It [sc. literature] was urged..to undermine the cultural hegemony of the old ruling classes and to help along the newly awakened masses toward their own cultural self-definition and self-assertion.
1971 Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith tr. A. Gramsci in Select. from Prison Notebks. ii. ii. 258 A multitude of other so-called private initiatives and activities tend to the same end—initiatives and activities which form the apparatus of the political and cultural hegemony of the ruling classes.
2008 Sunday Times (Nexis) 8 June (Features section) 28 In 1971, because of concern about creeping American cultural hegemony, a law was passed requiring AM radio stations [in Canada] to play at least 30% Canadian content.
cultural imperialism n. chiefly depreciative the extension of the influence or dominance of one nation's culture over others, now usually through the exportation of cultural commodities such as film, music, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific policies or advocacy of > [noun] > other specific policies or advocacy of
laissez-faireism1848
localism1848
laissez-faire1873
irredentism1883
dissolutionism1894
expansionism1900
bilingualism1901
non-alignment1908
agriculturism1919
cultural imperialism1921
isolationism1922
unilateralism1926
autarky1934
elitism1934
pronatalism1938
neo-isolationism1951
non-alignedness1962
1921 H. M. Kallen Zionism & World Politics xvi. 220 The religious nationalism of the Poles and the cultural imperialism of the Russians.
1973 N.Y. Times 17 Aug. 6/1 ‘Sesame Street’ has been denounced in the Soviet Union as the latest example of United States cultural imperialism.
2006 Spectator (Electronic ed.) 21 Oct. Cultural foreign policy both sounds and may act as cultural imperialism, at which the UK..has proved extraordinarily adept.
cultural lag n. Originally Sociology a disparity between a society's conventions, institutions, or cultural practices and changing social conditions or situations, esp. one resulting from technological advances; (now also) any delay between a cultural change or development and its wider dissemination; also as a mass noun.
ΚΠ
1922 W. F. Ogburn Social Change iv. vi. 280 If the material culture should continue to accumulate and change with increasing rapidity, it would seem that the cultural lags will pile up even more than at the present time.
1963 A. Baraka Blues People xii. 205 To a certain extent these mixed groups reduced the cultural lag somewhat, and many white musicians by the mid-forties were fluent in the new jazz language.
1999 G. H. Elder Children of Great Depression viii. 222 In these developments we see the making of a cultural lag in which unequal rates of change produce strain on the interconnected social, economic, and cultural units of society.
2005 Globe & Mail (Nexis) 23 May a13 Cultural lag is not just about machinery and inventions, it is also about ideas.
cultural landscape n. (a) Geography a landscape modified by the effects of human activity, such as farming, building, etc. (as opposed to a natural landscape); (b) a notional landscape which embodies the cultural or artistic features of a country, field of activity, etc.; cf. landscape n. 4h.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun] > type of
beauty spot1846
picturesque1852
moonscape1907
mudscape1908
postcard land1918
cultural landscape1919
dunescape1928
Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty1949
wirescape1951
AONB1957
Marlboro Country1961
roofscaping1962
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture > cultural surroundings
climate1661
atmosphere1797
dynamics1833
cultural landscape1919
1919 Geografiska Annaler 1 402 The character of the town is more or less a product of the combined natural and cultural landscape in which it has arisen.
1939 L. Lewisohn Story of Amer. Lit. vi. 246 The more one reads him the surer one is that..he exists..and can never wholly fade from the cultural landscape in America.
1993 M. Jones in J. M. Fladmark Heritage ii. 21 Since all landscapes are in practice influenced by humans, the cultural landscape is alternatively seen as all physical traces of human activity in any landscape.
2007 Irish Times (Nexis) 16 Apr. 15 People whose experience of the orchestra has been entirely positive and who value its place in Ireland's cultural landscape.
cultural literacy n. the ability to analyse and understand a particular society or culture; familiarity with the customs and characteristics of a culture.
ΚΠ
1946 Educ. Res. Bull. 25 23 A more recent trend toward linguistic sensitivity and cultural literacy through language study.
1997 Utne Reader Feb. 79/1 I'm also convinced that knowing about television, and growing up with it, provides my daughter with a form of cultural literacy.
2004 J. Lee & M. Zhou Asian Amer. Youth i. 15 Difficulties associated with migration such as lack of English-language proficiency, American cultural literacy, and familiarity with the host society.
cultural materialism n. chiefly Cultural Anthropology and Literary Criticism a theoretical approach which states that the nature of a particular culture (or a cultural product such as a literary text) is primarily determined by material and social conditions such as environment, technology, and economics.
ΚΠ
1922 M. B. Reckitt in M. B. Reckitt et al. Return of Christendom i. 24 Historical and Cultural Materialism are less likely to prove dangerous in their practical effect, than the attempt to discover in psychology a basis for the dictatorship of ‘efficiency’, as judged by Marxian standards.
1968 M. Harris Rise Anthropol. Theory xxiii. 655 The link between cultural ecology and cultural materialism has been obscured by the spurious issue of evolutionism.
1977 R. Williams Marxism & Lit. Introd. 5 It is a position which can be briefly described as cultural materialism: a theory of the specificities of material cultural and literary production within historical materialism.
1994 A. Milner Contemp. Cultural Theory iii. 74 The analytical logic of cultural materialism pointed towards a necessary decentring..of texts into the contexts of their production, reproduction and consumption.
cultural nationalism n. a nationalist ideology which defines the nation on the basis of shared culture.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > nationalism > [noun] > other spec. > movement or ideal
cultural nationalism1914
American dream1916
pan-Indianism1945
AIM1971
1914 R. J. H. Gottheil Zionism 175 [The Bund's] highest ideal remained a sort of cultural nationalism, which was bound up with the use of Judeo-German (Yiddish).
1982 E. Kallen Ethnicity & Human Rights Canada viii. 203 The Parti Québécois..managed to bring together most of the small, independentist groups under a social democratic program with a strong emphasis on cultural nationalism.
2003 Film Comment Jan. 12/1 Hindutva is a juggernaut of cultural nationalism that seeks to obliterate India's pluralistic heritage.
cultural nationalist n. an advocate of cultural nationalism.
ΚΠ
1931 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 39 418 His Auseinandersetzung with the cultural nationalists of the romantic school..has a final and authoritative ring about it.
2001 V. Prashad Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting i. 22 What attracted cultural nationalists among the colonized Asians was Spencer's idea of the ‘survival of the fittest’ and of the hereditary coherence of a people.
cultural park n. a park featuring exhibits and activities reflecting the history and culture of a particular region or people; a public park containing museums, cultural venues, and outdoor displays of art.
ΚΠ
1932 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 26 Oct. 1/1 Contented well dressed Russians lolling in the wicker chairs of the Moscow Cultural Park.
1977 Amer. Indian Q. 3 92 A cultural park and art institute are also proposed for subsequent development.
2006 Buffalo News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 31 Dec. h1 Balboa Park..bills itself as ‘the nation's largest urban cultural park’, with gardens, performing arts venues and 15 major museums.
cultural property n. art, artefacts, etc., of cultural importance or interest, esp. those regarded as belonging collectively to a particular country or people.
ΚΠ
1898 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 13 50 Public or municipal ownership of cultural property is sometimes called a form of co-operation.
1951 Sunday Messenger (Athens, Ohio) 29 Apr. 1/1 Return of Hungarian property looted by the Nazis... This will include ‘cultural property’.
2000 Archaeology Nov. 10/1 The passage of the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act (CCPIA), is to discourage the pillaging of cultural property from archaeological sites.
cultural relativism n. the theory that there are no objective standards by which to evaluate a culture and that a culture can only be understood in terms of its own values and customs; the practice of studying a culture from this viewpoint.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of history > [noun] > historical or cultural relativism
historical relativism1893
cultural relativism1924
1924 A. L. Locke in Howard Rev. June 290 The extreme cultural relativism of Lowie leaves an open question as to the association of certain ethnic groups with definite culture-traits and culture types..under circumstances where there is evidently a greater persistence of certain strains and characteristics in their culture.
1942 R. Benedict in New Republic 2 Feb. 155 So far from denying cultural relativism, we need to take it into full acount if we are to understand those problems which lie beyond it.
1958 F. M. Keesing Cultural Anthropol. ii. 47 The scientific habit of looking at each people's standards and values objectively, seeing them as ‘relative’ to the particular view of life fostered within the culture concerned, has led some thinkers to a philosophic position often called ‘cultural relativism’.
1968 Internat. Encycl. Soc. Sci. III. 543/2 The methodology of cultural relativism rests on the assumption that the ethnologist is able to transcend, or to eliminate for the moment, his own cultural conditioning and values and to assume the subjective..mentality of an adherent of..the culture.
1976 T. Eagleton Crit. & Ideol. iv. 134 Imperialism..bred an awareness of cultural relativism at precisely the point where the absolute cultural hegemony of the imperialist nations needed to be affirmed.
1992 Mind 101 181 Methodological individualism, cultural relativism, and the relation between methodology in the social sciences and methodology in the natural sciences.
cultural relativist n. a proponent or advocate of cultural relativism.
ΚΠ
1941 Proc. & Addr. Amer. Philos. Assoc. 15 147 It is just this claim..that the cultural relativist is forced to make.
2007 Sunday Times (Nexis) 4 Feb. 56 The plight of Islamic women silenced both by the tenets of their own religion and by the unwillingness of western cultural relativists to risk giving offence by speaking out on their behalf.
cultural relativity n. the idea that a culture can only be evaluated in its own terms rather than objectively (cf. cultural relativism n.); the fact or condition of being subject to this.
ΚΠ
1924 A. L. Locke in Howard Rev. June 299 The only correct and acceptable procedure in the study of any given culture... Second, its organic interpretation in terms of its own intrinsic values... Let us call this..the principle of cultural relativity.
1934 R. Benedict Patterns of Culture viii. 278 The recognition of cultural relativity carries with it its own values, which need not be those of the absolutist philosophies.
1988 A. C. Paranjpe in D. Y. F. Ho et al. Asian Contrib. to Psychol. vi. 186 While engaging in a cross-cultural dialogue, one must face the problem of the cultural relativity of knowledge.
2005 Conradiana 37 253 Marlow is conscious of the fact of cultural relativity, accepts dissimilarity, and is able to affirm a common humanity.
cultural revolution n. [in spec. use after Chinese wénhuà dà gémìng (in wúchǎn jiējí wénhuà dà gémìng, lit. ‘great culture revolution of the Proletariat’) or its abbreviated form wéngé] a sudden change in the culture of a people or society; spec. (usually with capital initials) an extreme reform movement in communist China, begun in 1966, which sought to combat revisionism by the restoration of pure Maoist doctrine.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > specific revolutions
American Revolution1779
revolution1784
French Revolution1789
revolution1790
Fructidor1793
Russian Revolution1805
agrarian revolution1824
February Revolution1848
October Revolution1917
revolution1917
cultural revolution1929
velvet revolution1989
1929 Encycl. Britannica V. 546/1 (heading) The progress of the cultural revolution.
1931 G. S. Counts Soviet Challenge to Amer. 122 The Communist Party also recognizes the importance of the cultural revolution.
1966 Economist 20 Aug. 709/1 Lin Piao..has loyally used the army as a guinea-pig for the ‘cultural revolution’ dose of salts with which Mao is now purging the whole country.
1967 Guardian 16 May 1/3 Chinese leadership..has certainly been prepared to accept serious economic and political losses..for the sake of the ‘cultural revolution’.
1967 Economist 21 Oct. 274/1 They support Syria's ‘cultural revolution’ (the regime has just taken over control of its mainly religious private schools).
1975 A. Ginsberg in Spontaneous Mind (2001) 300 The cultural revolution in China, when everybody was told to get out of the cities and go back to work with the workers in the fields for a while.
2001 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 Sept. 8/1 During the Cultural Revolution I was sentenced to reeducation through labor for my ‘reactionary thinking’.
2002 D. Aitkenhead Promised Land xx. 197 What happened next was something approximating a cultural revolution, in the course of which Amsterdam became..a magnet for radical ideologues.
cultural studies n. an academic field of study characterized by a multidisciplinary approach (derived from the social sciences and the humanities) to the study of contemporary (esp. mass) culture.
ΚΠ
1965 R. Hoggart in R. Powell Possibilities for Local Radio Introd. 1 Short guides to continuing problems in cultural studies.
1970 PMLA 85 308/2 Each paper sought to characterize the kind of knowledge flowing from a specific, discipline-oriented approach to problems in cultural studies.
2005 G. Sheffield & J. Bourne in D. Haig War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 p. ix The reach of the conflict extends..into the realms of literature, cultural studies, popular history, plays, films and television.
cultural terrorism n. a policy of attacking or suppressing cultural values or of destroying cultural treasures; (also) the attacking of artistic freedom of expression.
ΚΠ
1939 E. Beneš Democracy Today & Tomorrow v. 176 The national socialist dictatorship..has imposed on the whole Czechoslovak nation the most abject political and cultural terrorism.
1993 Herald (Nexis) 10 Apr. 9 Les's Fabulous Tartan Army are into a more dangerous, more lasting form of cultural terrorism: they're about detonating some of the old artistic categories.
1994 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 2 Feb. e3 Nobel Laureate Naguib Mahfouz joined hundreds of prominent Egyptian writers in signing a statement condemning what they considered Gharib's ‘cultural terrorism’.
2001 Archaeology May 16/1 Afghanistan's fundamentalist Taliban regime announcing that all pre-Islamic statues in the country were to be destroyed..has been universally condemned as ‘cultural terrorism’.
cultural terrorist n. a person who participates in or promotes cultural terrorism.
ΚΠ
1955 Compar. Lit. 7 107 Like the cultural terrorists, like Dada, and those convulsive nihilists.., the surrealists merely succeeded in remaining above or outside the real issues of our times.
1986 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 5 Aug. In a demand to the Victorian Minister of Arts..a group calling itself ‘Australian Cultural Terrorists’ threatens to destroy the $1.6m oil painting if demands for improved arts grants are not met within seven days.
1999 S. Davidson & B. H. Winfield Bleep! iii. 25 Frank Zappa livened up the hearings, testifying in opposition to labeling and calling Tipper Gore a ‘cultural terrorist’.
2001 Courier Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 7 Mar. 15 Western nations have gone wild, declaring the Taliban to be cultural terrorists.
cultural war n. [in sense (a) after German Kulturkampf (see kulturkampf n. at kultur n. Compounds); compare earlier culture war n. at culture n. Compounds 2] (a) = kulturkampf n. at kultur n. Compounds (now rare); (b) = culture war n. (b) at culture n. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1933 M. R. Brailsford tr. H. Pinnow Hist. Germany iv. ii. 371 State and Church must come to an understanding: this was the moral of the cultural war.
1981 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 12 Apr. 26/3 Mr. Carter was caught in the middle of a cultural war between traditionalists who saw their values being trampled and the tramplers who believed they were struggling for freedom.
2004 Independent 2 Nov. 3/2 The social battles..that so exercise Americans in this era of permanent cultural war.
cultural warrior n. = culture warrior n. at culture n. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1944 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 231 114 That the end of the war will increase our need for such cultural warriors is already evident.
1978 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 37 729 That sense of the mutability of history which enabled May Fourth writers to become cultural warriors.
2004 M. Gard & J. Wright Obesity Epidemic vii. 145 In ideological terms, Fumento is what we might call a ‘cultural warrior’, very much a product of..US neo-conservatism.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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