crystallizationcrystalizationcrystallisationn.
/ˌkrɪstəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, /ˌkrɪstl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌkrɪstələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌkrɪstəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ 1. The action or process of forming crystals or of becoming or making crystalline; (also) an instance of this.fractional crystallization: see fractional adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystallization > [noun]
roching1631
crystallization1651
crystallizing1651
1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces iii. 212 A greater commendation have salts of nephretick hearbs made by expression, and crystallisation, without calcination.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 136 Salts..dissolv'd in Water..separate themselves by Cristalization.
1798 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 28 Its peculiar..distinguishing properties are, imputrescibility, facility of crystallization [etc.].
1871 Bowdoin Sci. Rev. 17 Jan. 399 The last greens, after three successive crystallizations of sugar, are purified and sold as ‘golden syrup’.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 222 The tree-like form which some bodies assume in the act of crystallisation.
1947 Sci. News 4 71 Crystallisation is a way of getting a pure substance, free of impurities.
1989 R. Pflaum Grand Obsession v. 77 More than one finished batch, representing weeks of backbreaking labor—pulverizations, crystallizations, precipitations, leachings—was ruined.
2000 W. Cabri & R. Di Fabio From Bench to Market i. 20 The best synthesis is one where you need to isolate only the final product by crystallization.
2. An object or formation resulting from the crystallization of minerals, salts, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > [noun] > crystallized body or formation
congelation1605
crystallization1695
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 193 All other natural metallick and mineral Crystallizations.
1738 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant iii. i. 232 Glittering Figures and beautiful Christalizations.
1777 Philos. Trans. 1776 (Royal Soc.) 66 530 (title) On the crystallizations observed on glass.
1836 W. Irving Astoria III. 93 Salt springs..forming beautiful crystallizations.
1892 E. S. Dana J. D. Dana's Syst. Mineral. (ed. 6) 602 Natrolite from the augite-syenite of southern Norway,..where it occurs fibrous, massive, and in long prismatic crystallizations.
1971 Art Bull. 53 221/2 His specific association of architecture with mineral crystallizations is an idea which we find Jeanneret himself expressing only a few years later.
1998 in Ambix 45 178 In 1704 Homberg presented a new method of generating tree-like crystallizations of silver.
3. figurative. The action or an act of becoming concrete, defined, or clarified; the result of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > [noun] > shaping > giving or assuming definite form
crystallization1823
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > assumption of a definite form
crystallization1823
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > assumption of a definite form > that which has assumed
crystallization1884
1823 T. Doubleday Ital. Wife p. vi The excellence of a play consisted in its being a sort of cabinet of perfect crystallizations of the hero, the villain, or the saint.
1842 J. S. Mill Let. 8 Feb. (1963) XIII. 498 This will necessarily require..a gradual crystallization of many thoughts at present held in a state of suspension.
1884 Harper's Mag. June 56/1 The laws of a nation are the crystallizations of its historical experiences.
1931 S. H. Patterson & K. W. H. Scholz Econ. Probl. Mod. Life (ed. 2) ii. 37 The profits motive represents the modern crystallization of the economic force of self-interest.
1960 C. H. Gibbs-Smith Aeroplane x. 54 The year 1907 saw the crystallisation of the two basic forms of early aeroplane—the pusher biplane and the tractor monoplane.
1991 P. James et al. Cent. of Darkness (1992) xi. 284 Centuries of contact with Babylonia resulted in the crystallization of a quasi-Mesopotamian state in the foothills of the Zagros mountain range.
4. Finance (chiefly British, Canadian, and Australian).
a. The fact or process of converting a debenture-holder's floating charge into a fixed charge. Cf. crystallize v. 4a.
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1910 L. C. Cropper Book-keeping & Accts. iv. xv. 587 Upon the ‘crystallization’ of the charge the company may no longer deal with the property.
1941 Univ. Toronto Law Jrnl. 4 143 This priority would exist even where crystallization had not taken place. But..it would mean that debenture holders could..immunize a company against executions.
1994 Accountancy Sept. 105/3 Ferris J found the crystallisation of the bank's floating charge in this case completed the assignment of the goods of ELS effected by the floating charge under the debenture.
2009 Estates Gaz. (Nexis) 31 Oct. Prior to crystallisation, the floating charge takes effect as an immediate equitable charge on the assets of the company, but without attaching to any particular property.
b. The fact or process of crystallizing a capital gain or loss; an instance of this. See crystallize v. 4b.
ΚΠ
1975 Rep. Proc. 26th Tax Conf. 1974 (Canad. Tax Found.) 108 Further, interaffiliate transfers of capital property may presently be used to achieve a crystallization of 1971 capital surplus of the transferor corporation.
1988 Jrnl. Operational Res. Soc. 39 444 As only a portion of the hold-over is ultimately rolled, there is a future tax liability due to the crystallization of the hold-over relief.
1995 Canad. Public Policy 21 221/2 It seems more reasonable to conclude that the principal taxpayer activity resulting from the capital gains deduction has been the implementation of crystallization techniques to preserve ‘accrued capital gains’.
2007 Courier Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 13 Mar. 25 When shareholders sell their shares,..there may be a capital gains tax liability but with this, the ability to roll your shares over into Suncorp shares means you avoid the crystallisation of the gain.
Phrases
water of crystallization n. water molecules forming an essential part of the crystalline structure of some compounds, esp. hydrated salts.The structure of the crystals is destroyed when the water is lost by evaporation or driven off by heat.
ΚΠ
1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. iii. i. 214 It effloresces, that is, it parts with its water of crystallization in the air, and assumes the appearance of flour.
1810 ‘D. Blair’ Gram. Princ. & Pract. Chem. (ed. 4) 97 Soda..loses its water of chrystallization on exposure to the air.
1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids ii. i. 75 Adenine, C5H3N53H2O,..contains three molecules of water of crystallization.
1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students ii. 38 A substance with water of crystallisation present is said to be hydrated and after it has lost its water of crystallisation it is said to be anhydrous.
1996 Nature 12 Sept. 145/1 The crystals of Mn12-ac are built of discrete dodecanuclear..molecules, water of crystallization and disordered acetic acid molecules.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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