dativeadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈdeɪtɪv/, U.S.

/ˈdeɪdɪv/

Forms: late Middle English datif, late Middle English datyf, 1500s datyff, 1500s datyue, 1500s–1600s datiue, 1500s– dative; Scottish pre-1700 datiue, pre-1700 datiwe, pre-1700 1700s– dative.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French datif; Latin datīvus.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French datif (French datif ) (adjective) (of a grammatical construction) dative (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), that is given or appointed by an ecclesiastical superior (mid 14th cent. or earlier), that is given or appointed by a judge (1437), (noun) dative case (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin datīvus (in grammatical use, of case) of or relating to giving (also masculine as noun, denoting this case), (in legal use, of a guardian) assigned (2nd cent. a.d.), in post-classical Latin also ready to give, munificent (from 12th cent. in British sources), dependent on or subject to appointment (from 14th cent. in British sources), fit to be given (15th cent. in a British source) < dat- , past participial stem of dare to give (see datum n.) + -īvus -ive suffix; in grammatical use after Hellenistic Greek δοτική , use as noun (short for δοτική πτῶσις dative case) of feminine of ancient Greek δοτικός inclined to give < δοτός given + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Catalan datiu (13th cent.), Spanish dativo (15th cent.), Portuguese dativo (1540), Italian dativo (a1364), also Middle Dutch, Dutch datief . With sense A. 4 compare earlier native adj. 5b.It was previously assumed that the name of this case in Greek (and hence in Latin) indicated the case of the person to whom something is given; more recently it has been suggested that originally the Greek term meant ‘what has been given’, i.e. the ‘given’ circumstances accompanying the action (compare the Greek term for ‘nominative,’ ὀνομαστική , literally ‘what has been named’). This was not the explanation for the terms given by Latin and Greek grammarians, who explained case names using a sentence with a verb related to the case name, e.g. (in Latin) dare for datīvus , nomināre for nominatīvus , etc. Compare the following early use of the Latin word (in senses A. 1 and B. 1) in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 22 Dativvs ys forgyfendlic: mid ðam casv byð geswutelod ælces ðinges gifu: huic homini do equum ðisum men ic forgyfe hors.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 26 Sume naman þissere declinunge maciað heora menigfealdan dativvm and ablativvm on bus.

A. adj.

1. Grammar. In ancient Greek, Latin, German, and other inflected languages: designating a case of nouns, pronouns, and of words in grammatical agreement with them, the central function of which is to indicate the indirect object or recipient of a verb (equivalent to the modern English prepositions to or for followed by a noun); of or relating to such a case, or the relation expressed by it. Frequently in dative case.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > dative

dativec1400

datival1818

c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 55 Þe datif cas singuler.

c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 81 (MED) A nown of þe comparatif degre..may be construid..With a datif case..Sum similior patri meo quam matri mee.

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 18 Qwerby knowyst datyf case? For ‘to’ beforn a casual wurd w^towtyn a preposicyon is syne of datyf case.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong A..serueth many times to expresse the Datiue case: as Je l'ay donne à mon pere, I gaue it to my father.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. 129 Mihi..is a Pronoune set downe in the booke. All the questions are plaine in it, except why it must bee the Datiue case.

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 352 The Dative Case is expressed by the Preposition (To).

1725 J. Stevens New Spanish Gram. 184 Verbs Active, sometimes govern a Dative, and sometimes an Accusative Case.

1798 Gentleman's Mag. July 570/2 Surely the sign of the dative case is here only to be understood, and then the meaning will be ‘wo is to me’.

1839 L. Ramshorn tr. F. Lieber Dict. Lat. Synonymes 38 ō, the Dative and Ablative form of the second declension.

1853 H. Clarke Gram. Eng. Tongue 67 When a substantive is put next after a verb it sometimes takes a dative meaning as ‘Alfred gave Edwin a book’, that is, ‘Alfred gave to Edwin a book’.

1879 H. J. Roby Gram. Lat. Lang. iv. ix. §1130 The Dative case is used in two senses only: (A) It expresses the indirect object... (B) It is used predicatively in a quasi-adjectival sense.

1934 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 54 221/2 The inconsistent forms of the dative plurals in -αις and -ασι.

1986 Year's Work Eng. Stud. 1983 52 He argues that with verbs which can take either accusative or dative objects, dative tends to signal relatively low opposedness between subject and object.

1992 Word 43 131 The merger of the nominative and accusative and of the accusative and dative cases in Pennsylvania German.

a. Christian Church. Of a prior: appointed by an abbot and removable at will; (of a priory) governed by such a prior. Opposed to conventual (see prior conventual at prior n.¹ 1(a)), perpetual. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > [adjective] > able to be

dative1461

removable1526

remotivec1550

deposable1643

amovable1667

dismissible1824

1461–2 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1461 §41x. m. 20 To have and make by free election within theym self at every voydaunce, an abbot or a priour, and to be conventuell, perpetuell, and electyf, where afore tyme they were datyf and remevabill.

1535–6 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 28 §15 Pryours or governours datyff & removable from tyme to tyme.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 48 They shall certifie..whether a Prior be perpetuall, or dative.

1693 J. Wright tr. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 136 King Edward the IV..gave the Priory of Lanthony and all the Lands, &c. belonging to the same, to Henry Deen..providing that the Prior and Canons at Gloucester shall for the future maintain at Lanthony one Prior dative and removeable at will, with four Canons.

1784 Acct. Gentleman's Soc. at Spalding 4 In that [reign] of King Henry III. and under Ralph the last dative prior..flourished John de Spalding.

1830 T. Allen Hist. County of Lincoln iii. v. 283 100 acres here, belonging to his convent, which had been alienated by dative priors.

1861 Sat. Rev. 25 May 542 In the fourth year of Henry V, all the dative alien priories were dissolved and granted to the Crown.

1916 C. New Hist. Alien Priories in Eng. to Confiscation ii. 41 When a prior..acted in a lawsuit as proctor of his mother-house and not in his own right or that of his convent, we may be sure that he was a dative prior.

1972 D. M. Smith & V. C. M. London Heads of Relig. Houses Eng. & Wales 1216–1377 7 The distinction between the dative and conventual types of alien priory hinges primarily upon the difference in relationship between the priory and the parent-abbey. The dative priories were in a greater degree of subjection to their mother-houses.

2004 M. Heale Dependent Priories i. ii. 78 The only other known instances of a bishop exercising any control over the removal of a dative prior relate to cathedral priories.

b. Law (originally Scots Law). Esp. of a guardian or executor: appointed by a ruler, court, or magistrate rather than by a testator or by disposition of law; (of a document or office) relating to such appointment. Cf. nominate adj. 2. Frequently as postmodifier (see Compounds 1). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > [adjective]

dative1476

appointive1881

1476 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 55/1 To diffend & kepe the said Iohne scathles anent schir Gylbert Hering & schir Iohne of Cuthquhone as curatour datiue to the said Gylbert.

1588 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 427 All and sindrie thingis to do..that to the office of executorie datiue is knawin to pertene.

a1646 T. Hope Minor Practicks (1726) 24 If the relict and bairns..desired the office of executry, the judge decerns them exectors; whereupon they give out a decreet, which is called dative.

1704 T. Wood New Inst. Imperial or Civil Law i. ii. 51 In most Countries at this Day, all Tutelage is either Testamentary or Dative by the Magistrate.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 265 Those are term'd Dative Executors who are appointed such by the Judges Decree, as Administrators with us here in England.

1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) i. §154 A guardian nominated by the testator is called a dative guardian; one selected by the widow is called an optative guardian.

1878 C. H. Stephens Quebec Law Digest 1285 The only tutorship in Lower Canada was dative, and was conferred by the judge.

1916 Southern Reporter 70 508/2 Since the judgment below the dative executor has filed a final account.

1922 Louisiana Hist. Q. 4 267 A dative executor is appointed without further formality.

†3. Of a person: that gives or is able to give. Obsolete.In quots. c1500 and 1811 used punningly with reference to sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > [adjective] > disposed or having the right to give

dativec1500

c1500 Piers of Fulham (Rawl.) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 15 (MED) To knowen folke that ben datyff: Their purches be called ablatif: They haue their iȝen vocatif.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Dative, that giveth, or is of power to give.

1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 146 When I'm sad, she's so Dative of comfort and peace.

1814 E. H. Thurlow Carmen Britanicum 11 Young Viola..As fresh and dative, as the op'ning rose, That in July to the fierce Summer glows.

4. Esp. of an honour or title: of the nature of a gift; that is conferred or bestowed. Opposed to native. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > [adjective] > given > characterized by being given

donative1559

dative1596

1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 503 All Nobilitie and Gentrie is either, Natiue, or Datiue, that is to say, commeth either by Discent, or by Purchase [i.e. acquisition].

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia iii. ii. 68 The locall possessions are vsuall trans-ferred from one family to another, but Dignities whether Datiue or Natiue are therewith neither conferred nor auferred.

1661 S. Morgan Sphere of Gentry iii. iii. 28 The first Native..the second Dative, being given in rewards.

1718 M. Shelton Hist. & Crit. Ess. True Rise Nobility iv. 45 Freedom of Birth open'd a way to all Degrees of Honours, which (even as Political Nobility) were either Native or Dative i.e. by Birth or Gift. Dative Freedom was by certain Magistrates given.

1775 E. Griffith Morality of Shakespeare Illustr. 32 Honours, as Selden says, should be native only, and not dative derived from Merits, not from Gifts.

1828 Man. Rank & Nobility i. 7 It is evident, that nobility, as well dative as native, was in use among the Israelites.

1855 N. L. Lindley tr. A. F. J. Thibaut Introd. Study Jurispr. App. 269 The Roman division of duties into mediate and immediate, and of actions into dative and native, is founded on the following consideration.

1931 Mod. Philol. 29 115 Civil nobility might be native (hereditary) or dative (that is to say, bestowed by a prince).

1989 R. C. McCoy Rites of Knighthood i. 20 In his ‘Peroration’ to the Catalogue of Honor Thomas Milles sees the Order as a utopian institution joining the aristocracy and the monarchy as well as native and dative honor in a mystical union.

5. Chemistry. Of a covalent bond, bonding: formed by the donation of an electron pair from one atom (or group of atoms) to an empty orbital on a second atom (typically of a metal). Esp. in dative bond, dative bonding. Cf. co-ordinate adj. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical bonding > [adjective]

bonding1923

dative1928

1928 A. W. C. Menzies in Nature 24 Mar. 457/2 I wish to suggest that the second type of co-valence bond described above be called a ‘dative’ bond or link.

1951 Science 1 June 625/1 A neutral group or groups coordinated to cobalt by dative bonds.

1967 New Scientist 20 Apr. 156/2 The compound is..rather unstable, but its very existence is improbable on the conventional view of ‘dative bonding’.

1983 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context (ed. 2) vii. 84 Dative covalent bonding plays an important part in the formation of the addition compound, NH₃.AlCl₃.

2004 P. M. S. Monk Physical Chem. ix. 460 Because the central Mn atom is d⁰, each of the bonds is dative.

B. n.

1. Grammar. The dative case (see sense A. 1); a word in the dative case; a form which is the dative case of a word.See also ethical dative n. at ethical adj. and n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > dative

dativec1400

c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 191 How mony case has yow? Sex... Þe nominat[if], geniti[f], datif, acusatif, vocatif, þe ablatif.

c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 81 (MED) With a datif..Ego sum similis patri meo.

1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. C.ij^v Somtyme in the styd of genytyue case he wyll haue a datyue.

1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 6^v Shew mee how the Datiues end, and so all the rest in order.

1691 O. Walker Some Instr. Art of Gram. 51 All Nouns and Participles, which include or suppose such a Verb, govern a Dative Case, and those Datives have to before them.

1751 J. Harris Hermes ii. iv. 287 The Dative, as it implies tendency to, is employed..to denote the Final Cause.

1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric I. viii. 157 Yet bonus, and magnus, and tener, have their singular and plural, their masculine and feminine, their genitives and datives, like any of the names of substances, or persons.

1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. vi. 208 The locative may well convey the meaning of the dative.

1866 G. Stephens Old-Northern Runic Monuments I. i. 260 Other examples of this..dative-ending.

1905 N. Gale More Cricket Songs 22 I am sick to death of fractions, And of verbs that take the dative.

1932 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 16 603 Casares..occupies fourteen lucid pages to show that the use of the singular dative with a plural antecedent cannot be disposed of so lightly.

2010 Observer (Nexis) 15 Aug. 26 What chance of trying to get young heads round diphthongs and datives?

†2. Scots Law. A person appointed by a ruler, court, or magistrate, as a tutor dative or an executor dative; something relating to such appointment, as a decree dative. See sense A. 2b and Compounds 1. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1564 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1790) 7 Edicts hes been direct out, warnand them..to compeir, to heir datives given.

1564 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1790) 8 We haif given..power to our saids commissaries of Edinburgh, to give datives, and constitut..executors-datives.

a1646 R. Spotiswoode Practicks Laws of Scotl. (1706) 163 The King's right to give datives to idiots.

1665 in J. Gilmour & D. Falconer Coll. Decisions Lords of Council (1701) i. 107 To which Decreet Dative, the Executor Principal was called, who had the only Interest to quarrel the Dative.

1666 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1790) 99 If neither nearest of kin, executor or creditor shall desire to be confirmed..ye shall confirm your procurator fiscal, datives always being duly given thereto before.

Compounds

C1. Uses of the adjective as a postmodifier (in sense A. 2b).

decree dative n. (also decreet dative) Scots Law (now rare) a decree appointing an executor dative.

ΚΠ

1665 in J. Gilmour & D. Falconer Coll. Decisions Lords of Council (1701) i. 107 To which Decreet Dative, the Executor Principal was called, who had the only Interest to quarrel the Dative.

1752 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. II. iv. xiii. 545 There is no need of a decree dative to create them executors; for they are vested in the office by the nomination.

1841 Rep. Supreme Courts Scotl. 13 119/2 A decree-dative does not take the property out of the hæreditas jacens.

1907 Sc. Law Reporter 44 36/2 The objection to his title is that the decree-dative is inept.

executor dative n. Law (Scots Law and in central and southern Africa) an executor appointed by a court to administer a deceased person's estate.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate > one who

executorc1280

secutora1300

minister1405

administrator1434

executor dative1526

ministrator1559

personal representative1796

1526 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1526/6/40 Oft tymez yong persounes deis that may nocht mak testamentis, the ordineris usis to geif executoris dativis thare gudis.

1618 in T. Pont's Topogr. Acc. Cunningham (Maitland Club) 202 Patrik Huntar,..executour-dative surragat, in place of the Procuratour-fischall.

1747 Ld. Kames Ess. Brit. Antiq. iv. 187 There is certainly no Action given in this Case to the next of Kin against the Administrator or Executor-dative to accompt, as there is in the Case of an Executor nominate.

1800 R. Bell Outl. Lect. on Conveyancing 53 Ought the confirmation of an executor dative qua nearest of kin to stop in the event of a competition for the office.

1907 ‘Cape Times’ Law Rep. 16 317/2 Mr. Joubert was for the first defendant; in his capacity of executor dative.

1931 Times 9 July 24/1 The said Executor Dative will proceed to distribute the assets.

2010 Herald (Harare) (Nexis) 9 June The dispute ensued when the executor dative of the estate rejected a request for her to be awarded the Avondale house.

executrix dative n. Law (Scots Law and in central and southern Africa) a female executor appointed by a court to administer a deceased person's estate; a female executor dative.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate > one who > female

executricec1374

administratrice1465

executrix1502

administratrix1561

executress1591

executrix dative1687

1687 J. Dalrymple Decisions Lords of Council & Session II. 555 It's beyond doubt the Husband subscribed the Bond, and the said Elizabeth Richardson is confirmed Executrix Dative.

1770 Answers for Henry Burt 3 Janet, as executrix-dative qua nearest of kin to her father the original creditor in the bond.

1839 Decisions Court of Session 433 A minor obtained herself decerned executrix-dative to her deceased brother.

1959 Kenya Gaz. 19 May 567/1 By Stewart MacKenzie Cook Thomson and Francis Joseph Addly, both of Nairobi, attorneys of Rose Mary Griffin, executrix dative of the estate of the deceased.

2011 Rep. Cases Court of Session, Scotl.: Outer House Cases (Lexis) 13 May She was appointed executrix dative of his estate by interlocutor of the Sheriff of Glasgow.

testament dative n. Scots Law (now rare) a document confirming the appointment of an executor dative; cf. letters of administration n. at administration n. 5a.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > decision in writing or court order > in executry cases

sequestration1591

testament dative1796

1588 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 425 The testament dative and inuentar of the guidis pertening to..Dauid Chalmer of Balbethane.

1666 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1740) I. 69 Of all testaments, both great and small, which shall be confirmed, as well of Testaments dative, as others.

1796 (title) The Testament Dative, and Inventory of the debts..justly owing to umquhile Robert Burns..at the time of his decease..faithfully made out and given up by Jean Armour, widow of the said defunct, and executrix qua relict, decerned to him by decreet dative of the Commissary of Dumfries.

1863 Sc. Law Mag. & Sheriff Court Reporter 2 111/1 At the time of his death he had not fully executed the testament-dative.

1913 S. Carolina Hist. & Geneal. Mag. July 120 William Brisbane of Barnhill, died 11th January, 1591, as appears from his Testament Dative and Inventory.

tutor dative n. [in sense (b) after classical Latin tūtor datīvus] (a) Law (Scots Law and in southern Africa) a tutor (tutor n. 2b) appointed by a ruler, magistrate, or court; (b) Roman Law a tutor appointed by a testator (cf. tutor optive n. at optive adj.); rare.

ΚΠ

1518 in W. C. Dickinson Sheriff Court Bk. Fife (1928) 99 Master Dauid Spens..producit..ane lettir of the kingis of tutour datiue of Iohnne Arrok.

1684 G. Mackenzie Instit. Law Scotl. 18 The King..only can remit crimes, legittimate bastards, name Iudges, and Councilors, give tutors Dative, and naturalize strangers.

a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. i. vii. §8 117 In default of tutors-legitim, there is place for tutors-dative.

1812 Caledonian Mercury 28 Nov. 1/5 Notice is hereby given, that..David Burn, son of the said deceased David Burn, and his Tutors Dative, have had no concern in the trade and business.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 60 Tutors appointed in a testament by express nomination are called tutors dative; those selected in virtue of a power of option, tutors optive.

1904 M. Nathan Common Law S. Afr. I. 145 Failing tutors testamentary, the Master appoints tutors dative.

1996 Times 20 May 33/3 In the present circumstances the appointment of a tutor-dative was unnecessary, because if authority were granted, there would be no continuing duties for a tutor to perform.

tutory dative n. Scots Law (now rare) the office or role of a tutor dative.

ΚΠ

a1646 R. Spotiswoode Practicks Laws of Scotl. (1706) 348 Six or seven years since he had obtain'd of the king a tutory dative.

1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. i. vii. 79 Upon the tutor of laws neglecting to serve within the allowed time, any person..may apply for a tutory dative.

1834 Times 8 Apr. 3/6 The question was, whether a tutory dative ceased by the death of one of the tutors.

1906 Eng. Rep. 66 244 In November 1859 Col. Crichton Stuart obtained letters of tutory dative to the infant Plaintiff.

C2. Compounds of the noun.

dative absolute n. [originally after French datif absolu (1655 in the passage translated in quot. 1746), itself probably after post-classical Latin dativus absolutus (1583 or earlier)] Grammar (in some inflected languages) a dative case of a noun or pronoun with a participle (expressed or implied) in agreement, grammatically independent of the main clause, and expressing the time, occasion, or circumstance of a fact stated; see ablative absolute n. at ablative adj. and n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > dative > dative absolute

dative absolute1746

1746 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. New Method of learning Greek Tongue II. v. 187 But what we have already said is sufficient to prove, that what they call a Dative Absolute [Fr. Datif absolu] is in reality an Ablative.

1870 F. A. March Compar. Gram. Anglo-Saxon Lang. iii. 152 Dative absolute.—A substantive and participle in the dative may make an adverbial clause of time, cause, or coexistence.

1965 B. Mitchell Guide to Old Eng. v. 105 The dative absolute is used in imitation of the Latin absolute, e.g. gewunnenum sige ‘victory having been gained’.

2000 B. Bauer Archaic Syntax in Indo–European vi. 274 It is clear that the dative absolute is by far the most common construction.

dative-accusative n. and adj. Grammar (a) n. a form having the functions of both the dative and the accusative case; (b) adj. of or relating to both the dative and the accusative case.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > dative-accusative

dative-accusative1856

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > dative-accusative

dative-accusative1940

1856 R. Caldwell Compar. Gram. Dravidian Lang. 218 The Tamil-Malayâla accusative case-sign ‘ê’ or ‘ei’, may be compared with ‘hê’ or ‘ê’, the dative-accusative of Hindi pronouns... Compare also the Brahui dative-accusative ‘ne’ or ‘e’.

1904 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 428 There are sufficient traces left to show that the Kūrkū dative-accusative is a comparatively modern development.

1940 C. C. Fries Amer. Eng. Gram. 88 The six distinctive dative-accusative forms of pronouns (me, us, him, them, her, whom).

2008 S. Lestrade in A. Asbury et al. Syntax & Semantics of Spatial P 153 Den Dikken..discusses the concomitant dative-accusative case alternation in German.

dative object n. Grammar an object governed by a verb expressing a dative relation; an object in the dative case.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > object > specific

dative object1831

cognate object or accusative1874

retained object1875

direct object1879

indirect object1879

recipient1899

person-object1928

1831 E. Biber Henry Pestalozzi xxx. 430 Subject. Attribute. Immediate Dative Object. Δαναοὶ ἐοίκεσαν νεϕέλῃσιν.

1927 E. A. Sonnenschein Soul of Gram. 29 In English, in Greek, and occasionally in Latin the dative-object may become the subject... I was shown the way.

1992 Trans. Philol. Soc. 90 26 These passages differ from nearly every other instance of qiþan + dative object.

dative phrase n. Grammar a phrase expressing a dative relation.

ΚΠ

1885 A. S. Cook in tr. E. Sievers Old Eng. Gram. 166 (note) Besides the dative phrases given above, an accusative is found.

1927 E. A. Sonnenschein Soul of Gram. 49 The dative-phrases of French and Spanish are simply developments of dative-phrases found in all periods of Latin.

1992 Trans. Philol. Soc. 90 52 The rendition of apó toũ aírontos by the simple dative phrase þamma nimandin was..most likely motivated by stylistic considerations.

dative verb n. Grammar a verb which regularly takes the dative case.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > other specific types of verb

vocative verbc1414

activec1450

passivec1450

substantive verba1475

neuter1530

gesture1612

nominal1666

quiescent1720

reduplicative1756

dative verb1844

factitive1845

preterite-present1859

compound verb1863

pro-verb1868

preterito-presentia1870

preteritive present1872

action verb1877

verbid1914

inversive1931

eventive1946

hypothetical1957

non-factive1970

commonization1973

contrafactive1985

1844 P. A. Cattanio Rudim. of German Lang. vi. 55 There are some active verbs which require also a dative case, to denote the destination of an object..Such verbs may therefore be called dative verbs.

1905 A. C. Hollis Masai 81 When dative verbs are used as reflexives, the affixes are variable as in simple reflexive verbs.

2007 E. Swick Germ. Gram. Drills xxi. 186 Because helfen is a dative verb, the object in a sentence with helfen is in the dative case.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dative
释义	dativeadj.n. Brit. /ˈdeɪtɪv/, U.S. /ˈdeɪdɪv/ Forms: late Middle English datif, late Middle English datyf, 1500s datyff, 1500s datyue, 1500s–1600s datiue, 1500s– dative; Scottish pre-1700 datiue, pre-1700 datiwe, pre-1700 1700s– dative. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French datif; Latin datīvus. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French datif (French datif ) (adjective) (of a grammatical construction) dative (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), that is given or appointed by an ecclesiastical superior (mid 14th cent. or earlier), that is given or appointed by a judge (1437), (noun) dative case (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin datīvus (in grammatical use, of case) of or relating to giving (also masculine as noun, denoting this case), (in legal use, of a guardian) assigned (2nd cent. a.d.), in post-classical Latin also ready to give, munificent (from 12th cent. in British sources), dependent on or subject to appointment (from 14th cent. in British sources), fit to be given (15th cent. in a British source) < dat- , past participial stem of dare to give (see datum n.) + -īvus -ive suffix; in grammatical use after Hellenistic Greek δοτική , use as noun (short for δοτική πτῶσις dative case) of feminine of ancient Greek δοτικός inclined to give < δοτός given + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Catalan datiu (13th cent.), Spanish dativo (15th cent.), Portuguese dativo (1540), Italian dativo (a1364), also Middle Dutch, Dutch datief . With sense A. 4 compare earlier native adj. 5b.It was previously assumed that the name of this case in Greek (and hence in Latin) indicated the case of the person to whom something is given; more recently it has been suggested that originally the Greek term meant ‘what has been given’, i.e. the ‘given’ circumstances accompanying the action (compare the Greek term for ‘nominative,’ ὀνομαστική , literally ‘what has been named’). This was not the explanation for the terms given by Latin and Greek grammarians, who explained case names using a sentence with a verb related to the case name, e.g. (in Latin) dare for datīvus , nomināre for nominatīvus , etc. Compare the following early use of the Latin word (in senses A. 1 and B. 1) in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 22 Dativvs ys forgyfendlic: mid ðam casv byð geswutelod ælces ðinges gifu: huic homini do equum ðisum men ic forgyfe hors.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 26 Sume naman þissere declinunge maciað heora menigfealdan dativvm and ablativvm on bus. A. adj. 1. Grammar. In ancient Greek, Latin, German, and other inflected languages: designating a case of nouns, pronouns, and of words in grammatical agreement with them, the central function of which is to indicate the indirect object or recipient of a verb (equivalent to the modern English prepositions to or for followed by a noun); of or relating to such a case, or the relation expressed by it. Frequently in dative case. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > dative dativec1400 datival1818 c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 55 Þe datif cas singuler. c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 81 (MED) A nown of þe comparatif degre..may be construid..With a datif case..Sum similior patri meo quam matri mee. c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 18 Qwerby knowyst datyf case? For ‘to’ beforn a casual wurd w^towtyn a preposicyon is syne of datyf case. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong A..serueth many times to expresse the Datiue case: as Je l'ay donne à mon pere, I gaue it to my father. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. 129 Mihi..is a Pronoune set downe in the booke. All the questions are plaine in it, except why it must bee the Datiue case. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 352 The Dative Case is expressed by the Preposition (To). 1725 J. Stevens New Spanish Gram. 184 Verbs Active, sometimes govern a Dative, and sometimes an Accusative Case. 1798 Gentleman's Mag. July 570/2 Surely the sign of the dative case is here only to be understood, and then the meaning will be ‘wo is to me’. 1839 L. Ramshorn tr. F. Lieber Dict. Lat. Synonymes 38 ō, the Dative and Ablative form of the second declension. 1853 H. Clarke Gram. Eng. Tongue 67 When a substantive is put next after a verb it sometimes takes a dative meaning as ‘Alfred gave Edwin a book’, that is, ‘Alfred gave to Edwin a book’. 1879 H. J. Roby Gram. Lat. Lang. iv. ix. §1130 The Dative case is used in two senses only: (A) It expresses the indirect object... (B) It is used predicatively in a quasi-adjectival sense. 1934 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 54 221/2 The inconsistent forms of the dative plurals in -αις and -ασι. 1986 Year's Work Eng. Stud. 1983 52 He argues that with verbs which can take either accusative or dative objects, dative tends to signal relatively low opposedness between subject and object. 1992 Word 43 131 The merger of the nominative and accusative and of the accusative and dative cases in Pennsylvania German. 2. a. Christian Church. Of a prior: appointed by an abbot and removable at will; (of a priory) governed by such a prior. Opposed to conventual (see prior conventual at prior n.¹ 1(a)), perpetual. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > [adjective] > able to be dative1461 removable1526 remotivec1550 deposable1643 amovable1667 dismissible1824 1461–2 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1461 §41x. m. 20 To have and make by free election within theym self at every voydaunce, an abbot or a priour, and to be conventuell, perpetuell, and electyf, where afore tyme they were datyf and remevabill. 1535–6 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 28 §15 Pryours or governours datyff & removable from tyme to tyme. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 48 They shall certifie..whether a Prior be perpetuall, or dative. 1693 J. Wright tr. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 136 King Edward the IV..gave the Priory of Lanthony and all the Lands, &c. belonging to the same, to Henry Deen..providing that the Prior and Canons at Gloucester shall for the future maintain at Lanthony one Prior dative and removeable at will, with four Canons. 1784 Acct. Gentleman's Soc. at Spalding 4 In that [reign] of King Henry III. and under Ralph the last dative prior..flourished John de Spalding. 1830 T. Allen Hist. County of Lincoln iii. v. 283 100 acres here, belonging to his convent, which had been alienated by dative priors. 1861 Sat. Rev. 25 May 542 In the fourth year of Henry V, all the dative alien priories were dissolved and granted to the Crown. 1916 C. New Hist. Alien Priories in Eng. to Confiscation ii. 41 When a prior..acted in a lawsuit as proctor of his mother-house and not in his own right or that of his convent, we may be sure that he was a dative prior. 1972 D. M. Smith & V. C. M. London Heads of Relig. Houses Eng. & Wales 1216–1377 7 The distinction between the dative and conventual types of alien priory hinges primarily upon the difference in relationship between the priory and the parent-abbey. The dative priories were in a greater degree of subjection to their mother-houses. 2004 M. Heale Dependent Priories i. ii. 78 The only other known instances of a bishop exercising any control over the removal of a dative prior relate to cathedral priories. b. Law (originally Scots Law). Esp. of a guardian or executor: appointed by a ruler, court, or magistrate rather than by a testator or by disposition of law; (of a document or office) relating to such appointment. Cf. nominate adj. 2. Frequently as postmodifier (see Compounds 1). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > [adjective] dative1476 appointive1881 1476 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 55/1 To diffend & kepe the said Iohne scathles anent schir Gylbert Hering & schir Iohne of Cuthquhone as curatour datiue to the said Gylbert. 1588 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 427 All and sindrie thingis to do..that to the office of executorie datiue is knawin to pertene. a1646 T. Hope Minor Practicks (1726) 24 If the relict and bairns..desired the office of executry, the judge decerns them exectors; whereupon they give out a decreet, which is called dative. 1704 T. Wood New Inst. Imperial or Civil Law i. ii. 51 In most Countries at this Day, all Tutelage is either Testamentary or Dative by the Magistrate. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 265 Those are term'd Dative Executors who are appointed such by the Judges Decree, as Administrators with us here in England. 1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) i. §154 A guardian nominated by the testator is called a dative guardian; one selected by the widow is called an optative guardian. 1878 C. H. Stephens Quebec Law Digest 1285 The only tutorship in Lower Canada was dative, and was conferred by the judge. 1916 Southern Reporter 70 508/2 Since the judgment below the dative executor has filed a final account. 1922 Louisiana Hist. Q. 4 267 A dative executor is appointed without further formality. †3. Of a person: that gives or is able to give. Obsolete.In quots. c1500 and 1811 used punningly with reference to sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > [adjective] > disposed or having the right to give dativec1500 c1500 Piers of Fulham (Rawl.) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 15 (MED) To knowen folke that ben datyff: Their purches be called ablatif: They haue their iȝen vocatif. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Dative, that giveth, or is of power to give. 1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 146 When I'm sad, she's so Dative of comfort and peace. 1814 E. H. Thurlow Carmen Britanicum 11 Young Viola..As fresh and dative, as the op'ning rose, That in July to the fierce Summer glows. 4. Esp. of an honour or title: of the nature of a gift; that is conferred or bestowed. Opposed to native. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > [adjective] > given > characterized by being given donative1559 dative1596 1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 503 All Nobilitie and Gentrie is either, Natiue, or Datiue, that is to say, commeth either by Discent, or by Purchase [i.e. acquisition]. 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia iii. ii. 68 The locall possessions are vsuall trans-ferred from one family to another, but Dignities whether Datiue or Natiue are therewith neither conferred nor auferred. 1661 S. Morgan Sphere of Gentry iii. iii. 28 The first Native..the second Dative, being given in rewards. 1718 M. Shelton Hist. & Crit. Ess. True Rise Nobility iv. 45 Freedom of Birth open'd a way to all Degrees of Honours, which (even as Political Nobility) were either Native or Dative i.e. by Birth or Gift. Dative Freedom was by certain Magistrates given. 1775 E. Griffith Morality of Shakespeare Illustr. 32 Honours, as Selden says, should be native only, and not dative derived from Merits, not from Gifts. 1828 Man. Rank & Nobility i. 7 It is evident, that nobility, as well dative as native, was in use among the Israelites. 1855 N. L. Lindley tr. A. F. J. Thibaut Introd. Study Jurispr. App. 269 The Roman division of duties into mediate and immediate, and of actions into dative and native, is founded on the following consideration. 1931 Mod. Philol. 29 115 Civil nobility might be native (hereditary) or dative (that is to say, bestowed by a prince). 1989 R. C. McCoy Rites of Knighthood i. 20 In his ‘Peroration’ to the Catalogue of Honor Thomas Milles sees the Order as a utopian institution joining the aristocracy and the monarchy as well as native and dative honor in a mystical union. 5. Chemistry. Of a covalent bond, bonding: formed by the donation of an electron pair from one atom (or group of atoms) to an empty orbital on a second atom (typically of a metal). Esp. in dative bond, dative bonding. Cf. co-ordinate adj. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical bonding > [adjective] bonding1923 dative1928 1928 A. W. C. Menzies in Nature 24 Mar. 457/2 I wish to suggest that the second type of co-valence bond described above be called a ‘dative’ bond or link. 1951 Science 1 June 625/1 A neutral group or groups coordinated to cobalt by dative bonds. 1967 New Scientist 20 Apr. 156/2 The compound is..rather unstable, but its very existence is improbable on the conventional view of ‘dative bonding’. 1983 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context (ed. 2) vii. 84 Dative covalent bonding plays an important part in the formation of the addition compound, NH₃.AlCl₃. 2004 P. M. S. Monk Physical Chem. ix. 460 Because the central Mn atom is d⁰, each of the bonds is dative. B. n. 1. Grammar. The dative case (see sense A. 1); a word in the dative case; a form which is the dative case of a word.See also ethical dative n. at ethical adj. and n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > dative dativec1400 c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 191 How mony case has yow? Sex... Þe nominat[if], geniti[f], datif, acusatif, vocatif, þe ablatif. c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 81 (MED) With a datif..Ego sum similis patri meo. 1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. C.ij^v Somtyme in the styd of genytyue case he wyll haue a datyue. 1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 6^v Shew mee how the Datiues end, and so all the rest in order. 1691 O. Walker Some Instr. Art of Gram. 51 All Nouns and Participles, which include or suppose such a Verb, govern a Dative Case, and those Datives have to before them. 1751 J. Harris Hermes ii. iv. 287 The Dative, as it implies tendency to, is employed..to denote the Final Cause. 1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric I. viii. 157 Yet bonus, and magnus, and tener, have their singular and plural, their masculine and feminine, their genitives and datives, like any of the names of substances, or persons. 1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. vi. 208 The locative may well convey the meaning of the dative. 1866 G. Stephens Old-Northern Runic Monuments I. i. 260 Other examples of this..dative-ending. 1905 N. Gale More Cricket Songs 22 I am sick to death of fractions, And of verbs that take the dative. 1932 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 16 603 Casares..occupies fourteen lucid pages to show that the use of the singular dative with a plural antecedent cannot be disposed of so lightly. 2010 Observer (Nexis) 15 Aug. 26 What chance of trying to get young heads round diphthongs and datives? †2. Scots Law. A person appointed by a ruler, court, or magistrate, as a tutor dative or an executor dative; something relating to such appointment, as a decree dative. See sense A. 2b and Compounds 1. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1564 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1790) 7 Edicts hes been direct out, warnand them..to compeir, to heir datives given. 1564 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1790) 8 We haif given..power to our saids commissaries of Edinburgh, to give datives, and constitut..executors-datives. a1646 R. Spotiswoode Practicks Laws of Scotl. (1706) 163 The King's right to give datives to idiots. 1665 in J. Gilmour & D. Falconer Coll. Decisions Lords of Council (1701) i. 107 To which Decreet Dative, the Executor Principal was called, who had the only Interest to quarrel the Dative. 1666 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1790) 99 If neither nearest of kin, executor or creditor shall desire to be confirmed..ye shall confirm your procurator fiscal, datives always being duly given thereto before. Compounds C1. Uses of the adjective as a postmodifier (in sense A. 2b). decree dative n. (also decreet dative) Scots Law (now rare) a decree appointing an executor dative. ΚΠ 1665 in J. Gilmour & D. Falconer Coll. Decisions Lords of Council (1701) i. 107 To which Decreet Dative, the Executor Principal was called, who had the only Interest to quarrel the Dative. 1752 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. II. iv. xiii. 545 There is no need of a decree dative to create them executors; for they are vested in the office by the nomination. 1841 Rep. Supreme Courts Scotl. 13 119/2 A decree-dative does not take the property out of the hæreditas jacens. 1907 Sc. Law Reporter 44 36/2 The objection to his title is that the decree-dative is inept. executor dative n. Law (Scots Law and in central and southern Africa) an executor appointed by a court to administer a deceased person's estate. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate > one who executorc1280 secutora1300 minister1405 administrator1434 executor dative1526 ministrator1559 personal representative1796 1526 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1526/6/40 Oft tymez yong persounes deis that may nocht mak testamentis, the ordineris usis to geif executoris dativis thare gudis. 1618 in T. Pont's Topogr. Acc. Cunningham (Maitland Club) 202 Patrik Huntar,..executour-dative surragat, in place of the Procuratour-fischall. 1747 Ld. Kames Ess. Brit. Antiq. iv. 187 There is certainly no Action given in this Case to the next of Kin against the Administrator or Executor-dative to accompt, as there is in the Case of an Executor nominate. 1800 R. Bell Outl. Lect. on Conveyancing 53 Ought the confirmation of an executor dative qua nearest of kin to stop in the event of a competition for the office. 1907 ‘Cape Times’ Law Rep. 16 317/2 Mr. Joubert was for the first defendant; in his capacity of executor dative. 1931 Times 9 July 24/1 The said Executor Dative will proceed to distribute the assets. 2010 Herald (Harare) (Nexis) 9 June The dispute ensued when the executor dative of the estate rejected a request for her to be awarded the Avondale house. executrix dative n. Law (Scots Law and in central and southern Africa) a female executor appointed by a court to administer a deceased person's estate; a female executor dative. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate > one who > female executricec1374 administratrice1465 executrix1502 administratrix1561 executress1591 executrix dative1687 1687 J. Dalrymple Decisions Lords of Council & Session II. 555 It's beyond doubt the Husband subscribed the Bond, and the said Elizabeth Richardson is confirmed Executrix Dative. 1770 Answers for Henry Burt 3 Janet, as executrix-dative qua nearest of kin to her father the original creditor in the bond. 1839 Decisions Court of Session 433 A minor obtained herself decerned executrix-dative to her deceased brother. 1959 Kenya Gaz. 19 May 567/1 By Stewart MacKenzie Cook Thomson and Francis Joseph Addly, both of Nairobi, attorneys of Rose Mary Griffin, executrix dative of the estate of the deceased. 2011 Rep. Cases Court of Session, Scotl.: Outer House Cases (Lexis) 13 May She was appointed executrix dative of his estate by interlocutor of the Sheriff of Glasgow. testament dative n. Scots Law (now rare) a document confirming the appointment of an executor dative; cf. letters of administration n. at administration n. 5a. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > decision in writing or court order > in executry cases sequestration1591 testament dative1796 1588 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 425 The testament dative and inuentar of the guidis pertening to..Dauid Chalmer of Balbethane. 1666 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1740) I. 69 Of all testaments, both great and small, which shall be confirmed, as well of Testaments dative, as others. 1796 (title) The Testament Dative, and Inventory of the debts..justly owing to umquhile Robert Burns..at the time of his decease..faithfully made out and given up by Jean Armour, widow of the said defunct, and executrix qua relict, decerned to him by decreet dative of the Commissary of Dumfries. 1863 Sc. Law Mag. & Sheriff Court Reporter 2 111/1 At the time of his death he had not fully executed the testament-dative. 1913 S. Carolina Hist. & Geneal. Mag. July 120 William Brisbane of Barnhill, died 11th January, 1591, as appears from his Testament Dative and Inventory. tutor dative n. [in sense (b) after classical Latin tūtor datīvus] (a) Law (Scots Law and in southern Africa) a tutor (tutor n. 2b) appointed by a ruler, magistrate, or court; (b) Roman Law a tutor appointed by a testator (cf. tutor optive n. at optive adj.); rare. ΚΠ 1518 in W. C. Dickinson Sheriff Court Bk. Fife (1928) 99 Master Dauid Spens..producit..ane lettir of the kingis of tutour datiue of Iohnne Arrok. 1684 G. Mackenzie Instit. Law Scotl. 18 The King..only can remit crimes, legittimate bastards, name Iudges, and Councilors, give tutors Dative, and naturalize strangers. a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. i. vii. §8 117 In default of tutors-legitim, there is place for tutors-dative. 1812 Caledonian Mercury 28 Nov. 1/5 Notice is hereby given, that..David Burn, son of the said deceased David Burn, and his Tutors Dative, have had no concern in the trade and business. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 60 Tutors appointed in a testament by express nomination are called tutors dative; those selected in virtue of a power of option, tutors optive. 1904 M. Nathan Common Law S. Afr. I. 145 Failing tutors testamentary, the Master appoints tutors dative. 1996 Times 20 May 33/3 In the present circumstances the appointment of a tutor-dative was unnecessary, because if authority were granted, there would be no continuing duties for a tutor to perform. tutory dative n. Scots Law (now rare) the office or role of a tutor dative. ΚΠ a1646 R. Spotiswoode Practicks Laws of Scotl. (1706) 348 Six or seven years since he had obtain'd of the king a tutory dative. 1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. i. vii. 79 Upon the tutor of laws neglecting to serve within the allowed time, any person..may apply for a tutory dative. 1834 Times 8 Apr. 3/6 The question was, whether a tutory dative ceased by the death of one of the tutors. 1906 Eng. Rep. 66 244 In November 1859 Col. Crichton Stuart obtained letters of tutory dative to the infant Plaintiff. C2. Compounds of the noun. dative absolute n. [originally after French datif absolu (1655 in the passage translated in quot. 1746), itself probably after post-classical Latin dativus absolutus (1583 or earlier)] Grammar (in some inflected languages) a dative case of a noun or pronoun with a participle (expressed or implied) in agreement, grammatically independent of the main clause, and expressing the time, occasion, or circumstance of a fact stated; see ablative absolute n. at ablative adj. and n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > dative > dative absolute dative absolute1746 1746 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. New Method of learning Greek Tongue II. v. 187 But what we have already said is sufficient to prove, that what they call a Dative Absolute [Fr. Datif absolu] is in reality an Ablative. 1870 F. A. March Compar. Gram. Anglo-Saxon Lang. iii. 152 Dative absolute.—A substantive and participle in the dative may make an adverbial clause of time, cause, or coexistence. 1965 B. Mitchell Guide to Old Eng. v. 105 The dative absolute is used in imitation of the Latin absolute, e.g. gewunnenum sige ‘victory having been gained’. 2000 B. Bauer Archaic Syntax in Indo–European vi. 274 It is clear that the dative absolute is by far the most common construction. dative-accusative n. and adj. Grammar (a) n. a form having the functions of both the dative and the accusative case; (b) adj. of or relating to both the dative and the accusative case. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > dative-accusative dative-accusative1856 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > dative-accusative dative-accusative1940 1856 R. Caldwell Compar. Gram. Dravidian Lang. 218 The Tamil-Malayâla accusative case-sign ‘ê’ or ‘ei’, may be compared with ‘hê’ or ‘ê’, the dative-accusative of Hindi pronouns... Compare also the Brahui dative-accusative ‘ne’ or ‘e’. 1904 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 428 There are sufficient traces left to show that the Kūrkū dative-accusative is a comparatively modern development. 1940 C. C. Fries Amer. Eng. Gram. 88 The six distinctive dative-accusative forms of pronouns (me, us, him, them, her, whom). 2008 S. Lestrade in A. Asbury et al. Syntax & Semantics of Spatial P 153 Den Dikken..discusses the concomitant dative-accusative case alternation in German. dative object n. Grammar an object governed by a verb expressing a dative relation; an object in the dative case. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > object > specific dative object1831 cognate object or accusative1874 retained object1875 direct object1879 indirect object1879 recipient1899 person-object1928 1831 E. Biber Henry Pestalozzi xxx. 430 Subject. Attribute. Immediate Dative Object. Δαναοὶ ἐοίκεσαν νεϕέλῃσιν. 1927 E. A. Sonnenschein Soul of Gram. 29 In English, in Greek, and occasionally in Latin the dative-object may become the subject... I was shown the way. 1992 Trans. Philol. Soc. 90 26 These passages differ from nearly every other instance of qiþan + dative object. dative phrase n. Grammar a phrase expressing a dative relation. ΚΠ 1885 A. S. Cook in tr. E. Sievers Old Eng. Gram. 166 (note) Besides the dative phrases given above, an accusative is found. 1927 E. A. Sonnenschein Soul of Gram. 49 The dative-phrases of French and Spanish are simply developments of dative-phrases found in all periods of Latin. 1992 Trans. Philol. Soc. 90 52 The rendition of apó toũ aírontos by the simple dative phrase þamma nimandin was..most likely motivated by stylistic considerations. dative verb n. Grammar a verb which regularly takes the dative case. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > other specific types of verb vocative verbc1414 activec1450 passivec1450 substantive verba1475 neuter1530 gesture1612 nominal1666 quiescent1720 reduplicative1756 dative verb1844 factitive1845 preterite-present1859 compound verb1863 pro-verb1868 preterito-presentia1870 preteritive present1872 action verb1877 verbid1914 inversive1931 eventive1946 hypothetical1957 non-factive1970 commonization1973 contrafactive1985 1844 P. A. Cattanio Rudim. of German Lang. vi. 55 There are some active verbs which require also a dative case, to denote the destination of an object..Such verbs may therefore be called dative verbs. 1905 A. C. Hollis Masai 81 When dative verbs are used as reflexives, the affixes are variable as in simple reflexive verbs. 2007 E. Swick Germ. Gram. Drills xxi. 186 Because helfen is a dative verb, the object in a sentence with helfen is in the dative case. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1400
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