datumn.

Brit.

/ˈdeɪtəm/,

/ˈdɑːtəm/, U.S.

/ˈdædəm/,

/ˈdeɪdəm/

Inflections: Plural data

/ˈdeɪtə/, (in sense 3) datums.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin datum, dare.

Etymology: < classical Latin datum that which is given, present, use as noun of neuter past participle of dare to give < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit dadāmi (stem dā-), ancient Greek δίδωμι, both reduplicated presents with sense ‘I give’. Compare German Datum piece of information (1631, earliest with Latin case endings, now usually in plural form Daten).The plural form data reflects the Latin plural form; within English, this has given rise to a new singular and collective noun: see data n. and discussion at that entry.

a. Chiefly in plural. An item of (chiefly numerical) information, esp. one obtained by scientific work, a number of which are typically collected together for reference, analysis, or calculation. Cf. data n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > documentary evidence > [noun] > source of

authority?c1225

datum1630

source1788

pièce justificative1789

proof-text1801

1630 W. Batten Most Easie Way Finding Sunnes Amplitude 3 (table) Data.

1691 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 16 498 From these data..the time of this Invasion will be determined to a day.

1792 R. Price Observ. Reversionary Payments (ed. 5) I. 281 Data for computing accurately the values of all life-annuities and reversions.

1807 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 350 The omission of a material datum in the calculation..namely, the weight of the charge of powder.

1841 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 10 ii. 764 On making computation from his data..I could readily discover, with one exception, the stars inscribed on the plate.

1881 Gaillard's Med. Jrnl. 32 493/1 Dr. Jones dogmatically condemns all sanitaria with a low altitude, without furnishing data to sustain his assertions.

1905 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 9 8 A few of the data included in the tables are doubtful.

1923 C. G. Conradi Mech. Road Transport v. 51 I have concluded this chapter with three tables, giving the requisite data pertaining to various solids, liquids and gases.

1958 J. N. Macduff & J. R. Curreri Vibration Control vii. 165 Most of the data concerning shock and vibration on airplanes are classified.

1971 Daily Tel. 28 June 17 Desk research means collecting data from all published sources.

2010 Nature 29 Apr. 1245/1 We often find that no data have been fabricated.

b. In plural. Computing. The quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer and which may be stored or transmitted in the form of electrical signals and held on recording media. Also (in non-technical contexts): items of information represented in digital form. Cf. data n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > data > [noun]

datums1940

dataset1958

society > communication > information > [noun] > information as processed by machines

information1937

datums1940

1940 W. J. Eckert Punched Card Methods 9 The mechanical verifier is used to check the punching of the initial data on the cards.

1958 C. G. Gotlieb & J. N. P. Hume High-speed Data Processing i. 6 The machine as a whole can be considered to be a device which accepts data and instructions.., stores them.., operates on the data..and produces results by the output.

1960 K. M. Delavenay & E. Delavenay Introd. Machine Transl. ii. 21 A memory may be used to store data, or to store programme instructions.

1979 New Scientist 3 May 364/1 Data are passed down twin cables around a circle of devices until they return to the transmitting device.

1985 Pract. Computing May 94/1 A high-performance peripheral interface that will allow data to be distributed among peripherals independently of the host.

1995 Which? Oct. 48/3 Computers can store masses of data.

2009 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 7 May 24 Install the software on your device, choose with whom you want to share your data.

a. Something given or granted; something known or assumed as fact, and made the basis of reasoning; an assumption or premise from which inferences are drawn.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom

principlea1387

maximc1450

first principle1525

ground1528

principal1545

principium1550

protasis1572

theorem1588

postulate1590

axiom1593

groundsel1604

postulatuma1620

praecognitum1624

datum1646

self-evident1675

philosopheme1678

dictum of all and none1697

dictum of Aristotle1827

prius1882

ground rule1890

posit1900

1646 H. Hammond Let. 4 Nov. in Copy of Papers betwixt Author of Pract. Catechisme & Mr. Ch. (1647) 83 From all this heape of data (if they were concessa too) it would not follow that it was necessary..to abolish all set Formes in the publique service of God.

1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 128 Out of what Data arises the knowledge.

1737 H. Fielding Hist. Reg. 1736 Ded. f. 6^v All..will grant me this Datum, that the said..Person is a Man of an ordinary Capacity.

1753 Gentleman's Mag. July 332/1 It may seem very daring in any one, whilst we have so few data, and while little more is known relating to this inscription, but that it exists, to adventure any conjecture.

1875 Architect 23 Jan. 53/2 The present confusion or universality of styles, which we must take as a datum or a fact beyond contending against, may be a cause of the decline..of any public architectural criticism.

1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. p. vi Every natural science assumes certain data uncritically.

1923 J. M. Murry Pencillings 101 If what Milton was asserting in that magical poem could be communicated in words other than those of the poem itself, the poem would be a failure. For the poem is our datum.

1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Apr. 144/1 We must accept this relationship as a datum and try to clarify and ameliorate it.

1989 R. Alter Pleasures of Reading i. 30 The eyeing of the jewels is tucked into an introductory subordinate clause, and what it means as a narrative datum is left in delicate suspension.

b. Philosophy. Anything immediately apprehended by or presented to the mind or senses. Frequently in datum of consciousness, datum of sense. See also sense-datum n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > consciousness > [noun] > item of sensory information

datum1832

1832 H. G. Linberg in tr. V. Cousin Introd. Hist. Philos. 445 (note) He has made it visible to the eye of the understanding, in reflecting upon the data of consciousness.

1887 A. Seth Hegelianism & Personality iv. 118 That elementary statement must be originally made in virtue of..some immediate datum of experience.

1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. II. xx. 252 ‘Can a doubleness, so easily neutralized by our knowledge, ever be a datum of sensation at all?’ such an anti-sensationalist might ask.

1890 A. C. Fraser Locke 186 Locke thus reduces the entire certain knowledge of sensible things that man is capable of to one's present data of sense, and one's memory of past data.

1915 B. Russell in Monist 25 400 It is argued by the psychologists that the notion of a datum passively received by the mind is a delusion.

1954 H. Feigl in P. A. Schilpp Philos. R. Carnap (1963) 259 The prima facie implausibility of the identity thesis arises..mainly from the psychological incompatibility of images such as of nervous tissue..with the qualities of some data of consciousness.

2007 D. R. Griffin Whitehead's Radically Different Postmodern Philos. iii. 68 In this latter mode various data are immediately present to our consciousness.

3. Chiefly Surveying. A line, point, etc., forming a basis for measurement; a baseline, benchmark, or reference point; = base n.¹ 19a. Frequently attributive (see Compounds).ordnance datum: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > a survey line > a base line

baseline?1556

headline1656

base1761

datum1795

1795 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 85 431 The Perpendicular belonging to each Hypotenuse, or the datum for reducing it to the Plane of the Horizon.

1818 Asiatick Researches (London ed.) 12 295 That base is therefore only taken up as a new datum, from which the triangles are carried southward to the stations Ponnassmalli and Kumbertarine hill.

1861 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. London 17 170 The Chalk-rock will serve as a datum for the measurement of the extent of this denudation.

1902 J. Whitelaw Surveying ix. 326 For nautical surveys the datum to which soundings are referred is the mean low-water level of ordinary spring tides.

1958 New Scientist 20 Mar. 36/1 A line joining the centre of the Earth to the aeroplane would then define a datum in space relative to which absolute angular velocity should be measurable.

2004 J. Kovalevsky & P. K. Seidelmann Fund. Astron. ix. 187 Locally, countries continued (and many still do) to use their own datums for surveying and legal objectives.

Compounds

General attributive (in sense 3), as datum level, datum line, datum point, etc.

ΚΠ

1831 H. W. Evans in Eighth Rep. Commissioners Road London Holyhead 10 in Parl. Papers XII. 29 The depth of water in feet and inches at low water of ordinary spring tides, according to a datum mark we found made for that purpose.

1842 United Service Mag. ii. 268 Taking the level of the river Dee as his datum point, he carried with the mountain barometer an accurate line of measurement.

1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. vii. 911 The lines of stratification may be used as datum-lines to measure approximately the amount of rock which has been worn away.

1917 Times 30 Nov. 5/3 The production of matches in this country is slightly under 50 per cent. of the total supplies in 1915, the datum year.

1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come iv. §4. 359 The intrinsic quality of this book has been entirely overshadowed by its importance as a datum point in history.

1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. ii. 165 The maximum depth will vary slightly with variations in water level, and ideally it should be referred to some independent datum level.

1982 New Scientist 25 Mar. 785/3 A fully automatic control system that uses a flickering light beam as a datum line.

2004 P. Hymers New Home Builder vi. 96 You may have to use a public sewer nearby as a datum point.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	datum
释义	datumn. Brit. /ˈdeɪtəm/, /ˈdɑːtəm/, U.S. /ˈdædəm/, /ˈdeɪdəm/ Inflections: Plural data /ˈdeɪtə/, (in sense 3) datums. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin datum, dare. Etymology: < classical Latin datum that which is given, present, use as noun of neuter past participle of dare to give < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit dadāmi (stem dā-), ancient Greek δίδωμι, both reduplicated presents with sense ‘I give’. Compare German Datum piece of information (1631, earliest with Latin case endings, now usually in plural form Daten).The plural form data reflects the Latin plural form; within English, this has given rise to a new singular and collective noun: see data n. and discussion at that entry. 1. a. Chiefly in plural. An item of (chiefly numerical) information, esp. one obtained by scientific work, a number of which are typically collected together for reference, analysis, or calculation. Cf. data n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > documentary evidence > [noun] > source of authority?c1225 datum1630 source1788 pièce justificative1789 proof-text1801 1630 W. Batten Most Easie Way Finding Sunnes Amplitude 3 (table) Data. 1691 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 16 498 From these data..the time of this Invasion will be determined to a day. 1792 R. Price Observ. Reversionary Payments (ed. 5) I. 281 Data for computing accurately the values of all life-annuities and reversions. 1807 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 350 The omission of a material datum in the calculation..namely, the weight of the charge of powder. 1841 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 10 ii. 764 On making computation from his data..I could readily discover, with one exception, the stars inscribed on the plate. 1881 Gaillard's Med. Jrnl. 32 493/1 Dr. Jones dogmatically condemns all sanitaria with a low altitude, without furnishing data to sustain his assertions. 1905 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 9 8 A few of the data included in the tables are doubtful. 1923 C. G. Conradi Mech. Road Transport v. 51 I have concluded this chapter with three tables, giving the requisite data pertaining to various solids, liquids and gases. 1958 J. N. Macduff & J. R. Curreri Vibration Control vii. 165 Most of the data concerning shock and vibration on airplanes are classified. 1971 Daily Tel. 28 June 17 Desk research means collecting data from all published sources. 2010 Nature 29 Apr. 1245/1 We often find that no data have been fabricated. b. In plural. Computing. The quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer and which may be stored or transmitted in the form of electrical signals and held on recording media. Also (in non-technical contexts): items of information represented in digital form. Cf. data n. 2b. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > [noun] datums1940 dataset1958 society > communication > information > [noun] > information as processed by machines information1937 datums1940 1940 W. J. Eckert Punched Card Methods 9 The mechanical verifier is used to check the punching of the initial data on the cards. 1958 C. G. Gotlieb & J. N. P. Hume High-speed Data Processing i. 6 The machine as a whole can be considered to be a device which accepts data and instructions.., stores them.., operates on the data..and produces results by the output. 1960 K. M. Delavenay & E. Delavenay Introd. Machine Transl. ii. 21 A memory may be used to store data, or to store programme instructions. 1979 New Scientist 3 May 364/1 Data are passed down twin cables around a circle of devices until they return to the transmitting device. 1985 Pract. Computing May 94/1 A high-performance peripheral interface that will allow data to be distributed among peripherals independently of the host. 1995 Which? Oct. 48/3 Computers can store masses of data. 2009 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 7 May 24 Install the software on your device, choose with whom you want to share your data. 2. a. Something given or granted; something known or assumed as fact, and made the basis of reasoning; an assumption or premise from which inferences are drawn. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom principlea1387 maximc1450 first principle1525 ground1528 principal1545 principium1550 protasis1572 theorem1588 postulate1590 axiom1593 groundsel1604 postulatuma1620 praecognitum1624 datum1646 self-evident1675 philosopheme1678 dictum of all and none1697 dictum of Aristotle1827 prius1882 ground rule1890 posit1900 1646 H. Hammond Let. 4 Nov. in Copy of Papers betwixt Author of Pract. Catechisme & Mr. Ch. (1647) 83 From all this heape of data (if they were concessa too) it would not follow that it was necessary..to abolish all set Formes in the publique service of God. 1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 128 Out of what Data arises the knowledge. 1737 H. Fielding Hist. Reg. 1736 Ded. f. 6^v All..will grant me this Datum, that the said..Person is a Man of an ordinary Capacity. 1753 Gentleman's Mag. July 332/1 It may seem very daring in any one, whilst we have so few data, and while little more is known relating to this inscription, but that it exists, to adventure any conjecture. 1875 Architect 23 Jan. 53/2 The present confusion or universality of styles, which we must take as a datum or a fact beyond contending against, may be a cause of the decline..of any public architectural criticism. 1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. p. vi Every natural science assumes certain data uncritically. 1923 J. M. Murry Pencillings 101 If what Milton was asserting in that magical poem could be communicated in words other than those of the poem itself, the poem would be a failure. For the poem is our datum. 1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Apr. 144/1 We must accept this relationship as a datum and try to clarify and ameliorate it. 1989 R. Alter Pleasures of Reading i. 30 The eyeing of the jewels is tucked into an introductory subordinate clause, and what it means as a narrative datum is left in delicate suspension. b. Philosophy. Anything immediately apprehended by or presented to the mind or senses. Frequently in datum of consciousness, datum of sense. See also sense-datum n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > consciousness > [noun] > item of sensory information datum1832 1832 H. G. Linberg in tr. V. Cousin Introd. Hist. Philos. 445 (note) He has made it visible to the eye of the understanding, in reflecting upon the data of consciousness. 1887 A. Seth Hegelianism & Personality iv. 118 That elementary statement must be originally made in virtue of..some immediate datum of experience. 1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. II. xx. 252 ‘Can a doubleness, so easily neutralized by our knowledge, ever be a datum of sensation at all?’ such an anti-sensationalist might ask. 1890 A. C. Fraser Locke 186 Locke thus reduces the entire certain knowledge of sensible things that man is capable of to one's present data of sense, and one's memory of past data. 1915 B. Russell in Monist 25 400 It is argued by the psychologists that the notion of a datum passively received by the mind is a delusion. 1954 H. Feigl in P. A. Schilpp Philos. R. Carnap (1963) 259 The prima facie implausibility of the identity thesis arises..mainly from the psychological incompatibility of images such as of nervous tissue..with the qualities of some data of consciousness. 2007 D. R. Griffin Whitehead's Radically Different Postmodern Philos. iii. 68 In this latter mode various data are immediately present to our consciousness. 3. Chiefly Surveying. A line, point, etc., forming a basis for measurement; a baseline, benchmark, or reference point; = base n.¹ 19a. Frequently attributive (see Compounds).ordnance datum: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > a survey line > a base line baseline?1556 headline1656 base1761 datum1795 1795 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 85 431 The Perpendicular belonging to each Hypotenuse, or the datum for reducing it to the Plane of the Horizon. 1818 Asiatick Researches (London ed.) 12 295 That base is therefore only taken up as a new datum, from which the triangles are carried southward to the stations Ponnassmalli and Kumbertarine hill. 1861 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. London 17 170 The Chalk-rock will serve as a datum for the measurement of the extent of this denudation. 1902 J. Whitelaw Surveying ix. 326 For nautical surveys the datum to which soundings are referred is the mean low-water level of ordinary spring tides. 1958 New Scientist 20 Mar. 36/1 A line joining the centre of the Earth to the aeroplane would then define a datum in space relative to which absolute angular velocity should be measurable. 2004 J. Kovalevsky & P. K. Seidelmann Fund. Astron. ix. 187 Locally, countries continued (and many still do) to use their own datums for surveying and legal objectives. Compounds General attributive (in sense 3), as datum level, datum line, datum point, etc. ΚΠ 1831 H. W. Evans in Eighth Rep. Commissioners Road London Holyhead 10 in Parl. Papers XII. 29 The depth of water in feet and inches at low water of ordinary spring tides, according to a datum mark we found made for that purpose. 1842 United Service Mag. ii. 268 Taking the level of the river Dee as his datum point, he carried with the mountain barometer an accurate line of measurement. 1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. vii. 911 The lines of stratification may be used as datum-lines to measure approximately the amount of rock which has been worn away. 1917 Times 30 Nov. 5/3 The production of matches in this country is slightly under 50 per cent. of the total supplies in 1915, the datum year. 1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come iv. §4. 359 The intrinsic quality of this book has been entirely overshadowed by its importance as a datum point in history. 1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. ii. 165 The maximum depth will vary slightly with variations in water level, and ideally it should be referred to some independent datum level. 1982 New Scientist 25 Mar. 785/3 A fully automatic control system that uses a flickering light beam as a datum line. 2004 P. Hymers New Home Builder vi. 96 You may have to use a public sewer nearby as a datum point. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1630
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