elementaryadj.

/ɛlɪˈmɛntəri/

Forms: Middle English–1500s elementar(e, elementair, elementarie (1500s–1700s elimentary, 1600s–1700s elimentarie).

Etymology: < Latin elementārius, < elementum : see element n. and -ar suffix², -ary suffix¹. Compare French élémentaire.

1. Of or pertaining to the four elements or any one of them; = elemental adj. 1. rare in modern use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical elements > [adjective]

elemently1398

elementative1477

elemental?1520

elementaryc1550

elementisha1586

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 37 The fyrst part [of the varld] is the regione elementair.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. v. 21 The elementary qualities passiue.

1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. ix. 19 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) A species of living Creatures in the Orb of the Moon, which may bear som analogie with those of this Elementary world.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. iii. 46 If our Light be a Substance, its either Heavenly, or Elementarie.

a1761 W. Law Comfort Weary Pilgrim (1809) 90 This elementary world.

1856 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 23 763 This year of peace has been distinguished by ‘elementary’ war—by deluges and earthquakes.

†2.

a. Composed of, or produced by, the (four) elements; material, physical; opposed to spiritual, celestial, etc.; = elemental adj. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical elements > [adjective] > composed of or produced by

elementaryc1440

elementate1471

elementated1605

the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [adjective] > material or not spiritual

fleshlyc1175

bodilya1340

temporalc1380

worldyc1380

claylya1400

elementaryc1440

mondiala1500

gross1509

fleshly-wise1542

elemental1574

outward1574

natural1581

terrestrene1599

elementated1605

sublunary1609

temporarya1616

subluminary1625

sublunar1625

outwardlya1642

material1843

intramundane1845

unethereal1861

naturistic1886

c1440 [see sense 3].

1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §iiii A false and elementary apparition.

1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi iii. §2. 54 The uncreated Light (viz. God) commanded this elementarie light to be.

1639 J. Woodall Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) 239 A Minerall is an elementary body that is of it self firme and fixed.

1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. iii. 90 The Devil..set his human as well as elementary Instruments at work.

1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 48 Others..say, there is only an elementary virtue in stones.

†b. That is in the condition of raw material.

ΚΠ

1799 tr. J. H. Meister Lett. Resid. Eng. 145 There is more gross and elementary matter in the English diet.

†3. Applied to air, fire, water, earth (cf. elemental adj. 3): (a) physical, material, literal, as opposed to figurative or ‘spiritual’; also, such as they exist in this lower world; (b) in their state of pure elements, as opposed to the impure state in which they are cognizable by the senses.

ΚΠ

c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) ii. xxxiii God is not fyre elementare.

1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xi. xxxiv. 438 Some..held the Christalline heauens composed of waters..of a farre other nature then the Elementary.

1652 J. French York-shire Spaw ii. 7 The whole Elementary air being of its owne nature most subtile.

1658 Torments of Hell in Phenix (1708) II. 438 Corporal elementary Fire is light..the Fire of Hell is not corporal Fire.

1782 Kirwan in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 230 Fixed air..when stripped of phlogiston, and impregnated with..elementary fire, becomes again dephlogisticated air.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 56 Glass appears to be the true elementary earth, and all mixed bodies are only glass in disguise.

a. Pertaining to the great forces of nature. elementary gods n. the gods of the elements. Cf. elemental adj. 4, which is now in more frequent use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > [adjective] > associated with nature

elementary1739

elemental1820

1739 H. Walpole Corr. (1820) I. 23 The elementary god of fire.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. ii. iv. 173 The worship of the old elementary gods.

b. figurative. Comparable to the great forces of nature.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > [adjective] > able or powerful > comparable to the forces of nature

elemental1820

elementary1865

1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. v. 185 Byron..the greatest elementary power..in our literature since Shakespeare.

†5. Like one's ‘native element’; congenial. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > capacity for emotion > fellow feeling > [adjective] > sympathetic > according with one's own feelings

connate1641

consocial1657

sympathetic1673

congenial1770

elementary1776

sympathetical1848

1776 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (rev. ed.) IV. xvii. 83 He found their manners congenial and elementary to his own natural turn and disposition.

a. Of the nature of an (absolutely or relatively) ultimate constituent. Of chemical substances: Simple, not decomposable. elementary particle n. now used in Physics spec. for any of a number of particles smaller than an atom (the leptons, mesons, and baryons) which are not known to be composed of any simpler particles and which are characterized by having a definite mass, a lifetime that is long compared with the interaction time, and well-defined electromagnetic properties, and are capable of an independent existence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [adjective] > of the nature of an ultimate constituent

elemental1555

elementary1622

atomic1841

the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [noun] > subatomic particles

sub-atom1865

elementary particle1934

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > [noun] > a particle > elementary

elementary particle1934

1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xiii. 145 As if light were a qualitie resulting of an elementarie composition, it beeing created before all mixed bodies.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. i. 18 The solid elimentary Particles of Matter.

1751 J. Harris Hermes iii. ii. 325 To..about twenty plain elementary Sounds..we owe that variety of articulate Voices.

1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. i. 30 The elementary substances of which [rocks] are composed are very few.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iv. xxxiii. 339 What one may call the elementary expressions of the face.

1934 Chem. Abstr. 28 2258 Theory of elementary particles...A relativistic wave equation of the Dirac type for a particle of given rest mass will allow only a spin of ½ in the usual units.

1937 F. Rasetti Elem. Nucl. Physics 8 If the elementary particles are to be kept together in a stably bound nucleus, we must expect energy to be released in the formation process.

1949 G. Gamow & Critchfield Theory Atomic Nucleus i. 8 It is possble to develop the theory of the fundamental nuclear properties and the various nuclear reactions..on the basis of..interaction-laws between the nucleons from which the composite nuclei are built. Here lies a convenient,..though not sharply defined, boundary between nuclear physics proper, and the next, as yet rather unexplored, division of the science of matter which can be called tentatively the physics of elementary particles.

1963 K. W. Ford World of Elem. Particles i. 2 The elementary particles represent the deepest-lying sub~structure of matter to which man has been able to probe.

1963 K. W. Ford World of Elem. Particles i. 17 The heaviest known ‘elementary’ particle, the xi particle..has not yet been explained as a composite of any of the lighter particles. That all of these particles are built up from some more primordial material remains..a strong possibility.

1963 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 9 May 1183/2 The University has established a Professorship of Elementary Particle Physics.

b. Mathematics. Of the nature of an element or infinitesimal part (see element n. 8).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > infinitesimal

infinitesimal1710

elementary1882

1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 83 Elementary polar area of the curve C.

1885 H. W. Watson & S. H. Burbury Math. Theory Electr. & Magn. I. 98 An elementary area of that surface.

a. Of the nature of elements or rudiments; rudimentary, introductory. elementary book, elementary writer, one that deals with first principles. elementary school, one in which primary instruction is given. Also elementary education, elementary schoolmaster.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [adjective] > rudimentary

elementary1552

alphabetary1569

elemental1577

rudimental1597

rudimentary1619

one-fingered1868

beginning1923

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > primary school

under-school1629

primer schoola1680

proseminary1774

primary school1792

dame-schoola1817

pettya1827

ma'am-school1838

elementary school1841

primary1851

prep school1862

minding-school1864

junior school1871

tother school1881

marm school1889

preparatory1904

terakoya1909

prep1924

prepper1956

1552 R. Record Ground of Artes (rev. ed.) ii. sig. X.ii^v I would not wyshe you to cleaue styll to these elementary aydes.

1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. ¶^v Musicke is diuided into two parts, the first may be called Elementarie or rudimental.

1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature Demonstrative Evid. 17 The same thing must..be..true of every other elementary author.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 24 Elementary books on the science.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 341 In 1835, the elementary schools were 4422.

1861 J. S. Mill Considerations Representative Govt. iii. 55 Elementary maxims of prudence.

1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 5 These innovations have been treated of in my..Manual of Elementary Geology.

1870 Act 33 & 34 Victoria c. 75 §1 This Act may be cited as ‘The Elementary Education Act, 1870’.

1912 W. Owen Let. 2 July (1967) 148 By him sat an Elementary School-master, of Elementary Education.

1944 H. C. Dent Educ. Act 1944 12 Under Clause 7 of the Act the category ‘elementary’ disappears from the English educational system, and ipso facto local education authorities for elementary education only disappear also.

†b. That has not advanced beyond the rudiments. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [adjective] > novice or beginner

younglinga1250

novice1530

freshmanly1568

elementary1601

neophyte1601

initiatea1616

novitious1619

abecedarian1633

tironizinga1660

novitial1778

neophytic1856

neophytish1897

rookie1902

tironic1909

Sears-Roebuck1917

1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love ii. iii. sig. D4 Your Courtier Elementary is one but newly entered, or as it were in the Alphabet [or] Vt-re-mi-fa-sol-la, of Courtship.

Draft additions June 2019

elementary charge n. Physics the electrical charge on a single proton, equal to approx. 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs; symbol e or q_e.The value of the elementary charge was first calculated in 1909 by Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher by measuring the equal but opposite charge on the electron. Although there are particles having a smaller electrical charge than the proton (or electron), these cannot exist independently of other particles.In 2018 the General Conference on Weights and Measures agreed that, as part of the redefinition of the ampere, the value of the elementary charge would from May the following year be set at exactly 1.602176634 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs, having previously been given as 1.6021766208(98) × 10⁻¹⁹ C (where the figure in parentheses represents the standard uncertainty due to errors in measurement).

ΚΠ

1909 Physical Rev. 28 315 e = elementary charge.

1958 W. Heisenberg Physics & Philos. ix. 151 The nucleus in the middle of the atom..contains almost its entire mass. Its positive electric charge, which is an integer multiple of the so-called elementary charge, determines the number of the surrounding electrons.

2008 A. Bettini Introd. Elem. Particle Physics i. 20 There are three quarks with electric charge +2/3 (in units of the elementary charge).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	elementary
释义	elementaryadj. /ɛlɪˈmɛntəri/ Forms: Middle English–1500s elementar(e, elementair, elementarie (1500s–1700s elimentary, 1600s–1700s elimentarie). Etymology: < Latin elementārius, < elementum : see element n. and -ar suffix², -ary suffix¹. Compare French élémentaire. 1. Of or pertaining to the four elements or any one of them; = elemental adj. 1. rare in modern use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical elements > [adjective] elemently1398 elementative1477 elemental?1520 elementaryc1550 elementisha1586 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 37 The fyrst part [of the varld] is the regione elementair. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. v. 21 The elementary qualities passiue. 1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. ix. 19 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) A species of living Creatures in the Orb of the Moon, which may bear som analogie with those of this Elementary world. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. iii. 46 If our Light be a Substance, its either Heavenly, or Elementarie. a1761 W. Law Comfort Weary Pilgrim (1809) 90 This elementary world. 1856 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 23 763 This year of peace has been distinguished by ‘elementary’ war—by deluges and earthquakes. †2. a. Composed of, or produced by, the (four) elements; material, physical; opposed to spiritual, celestial, etc.; = elemental adj. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical elements > [adjective] > composed of or produced by elementaryc1440 elementate1471 elementated1605 the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [adjective] > material or not spiritual fleshlyc1175 bodilya1340 temporalc1380 worldyc1380 claylya1400 elementaryc1440 mondiala1500 gross1509 fleshly-wise1542 elemental1574 outward1574 natural1581 terrestrene1599 elementated1605 sublunary1609 temporarya1616 subluminary1625 sublunar1625 outwardlya1642 material1843 intramundane1845 unethereal1861 naturistic1886 c1440 [see sense 3]. 1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §iiii A false and elementary apparition. 1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi iii. §2. 54 The uncreated Light (viz. God) commanded this elementarie light to be. 1639 J. Woodall Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) 239 A Minerall is an elementary body that is of it self firme and fixed. 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. iii. 90 The Devil..set his human as well as elementary Instruments at work. 1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 48 Others..say, there is only an elementary virtue in stones. †b. That is in the condition of raw material. ΚΠ 1799 tr. J. H. Meister Lett. Resid. Eng. 145 There is more gross and elementary matter in the English diet. †3. Applied to air, fire, water, earth (cf. elemental adj. 3): (a) physical, material, literal, as opposed to figurative or ‘spiritual’; also, such as they exist in this lower world; (b) in their state of pure elements, as opposed to the impure state in which they are cognizable by the senses. ΚΠ c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) ii. xxxiii God is not fyre elementare. 1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xi. xxxiv. 438 Some..held the Christalline heauens composed of waters..of a farre other nature then the Elementary. 1652 J. French York-shire Spaw ii. 7 The whole Elementary air being of its owne nature most subtile. 1658 Torments of Hell in Phenix (1708) II. 438 Corporal elementary Fire is light..the Fire of Hell is not corporal Fire. 1782 Kirwan in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 230 Fixed air..when stripped of phlogiston, and impregnated with..elementary fire, becomes again dephlogisticated air. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 56 Glass appears to be the true elementary earth, and all mixed bodies are only glass in disguise. 4. a. Pertaining to the great forces of nature. elementary gods n. the gods of the elements. Cf. elemental adj. 4, which is now in more frequent use. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > [adjective] > associated with nature elementary1739 elemental1820 1739 H. Walpole Corr. (1820) I. 23 The elementary god of fire. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. ii. iv. 173 The worship of the old elementary gods. b. figurative. Comparable to the great forces of nature. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > [adjective] > able or powerful > comparable to the forces of nature elemental1820 elementary1865 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. v. 185 Byron..the greatest elementary power..in our literature since Shakespeare. †5. Like one's ‘native element’; congenial. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > capacity for emotion > fellow feeling > [adjective] > sympathetic > according with one's own feelings connate1641 consocial1657 sympathetic1673 congenial1770 elementary1776 sympathetical1848 1776 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (rev. ed.) IV. xvii. 83 He found their manners congenial and elementary to his own natural turn and disposition. 6. a. Of the nature of an (absolutely or relatively) ultimate constituent. Of chemical substances: Simple, not decomposable. elementary particle n. now used in Physics spec. for any of a number of particles smaller than an atom (the leptons, mesons, and baryons) which are not known to be composed of any simpler particles and which are characterized by having a definite mass, a lifetime that is long compared with the interaction time, and well-defined electromagnetic properties, and are capable of an independent existence. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [adjective] > of the nature of an ultimate constituent elemental1555 elementary1622 atomic1841 the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [noun] > subatomic particles sub-atom1865 elementary particle1934 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > [noun] > a particle > elementary elementary particle1934 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xiii. 145 As if light were a qualitie resulting of an elementarie composition, it beeing created before all mixed bodies. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. i. 18 The solid elimentary Particles of Matter. 1751 J. Harris Hermes iii. ii. 325 To..about twenty plain elementary Sounds..we owe that variety of articulate Voices. 1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. i. 30 The elementary substances of which [rocks] are composed are very few. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iv. xxxiii. 339 What one may call the elementary expressions of the face. 1934 Chem. Abstr. 28 2258 Theory of elementary particles...A relativistic wave equation of the Dirac type for a particle of given rest mass will allow only a spin of ½ in the usual units. 1937 F. Rasetti Elem. Nucl. Physics 8 If the elementary particles are to be kept together in a stably bound nucleus, we must expect energy to be released in the formation process. 1949 G. Gamow & Critchfield Theory Atomic Nucleus i. 8 It is possble to develop the theory of the fundamental nuclear properties and the various nuclear reactions..on the basis of..interaction-laws between the nucleons from which the composite nuclei are built. Here lies a convenient,..though not sharply defined, boundary between nuclear physics proper, and the next, as yet rather unexplored, division of the science of matter which can be called tentatively the physics of elementary particles. 1963 K. W. Ford World of Elem. Particles i. 2 The elementary particles represent the deepest-lying sub~structure of matter to which man has been able to probe. 1963 K. W. Ford World of Elem. Particles i. 17 The heaviest known ‘elementary’ particle, the xi particle..has not yet been explained as a composite of any of the lighter particles. That all of these particles are built up from some more primordial material remains..a strong possibility. 1963 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 9 May 1183/2 The University has established a Professorship of Elementary Particle Physics. b. Mathematics. Of the nature of an element or infinitesimal part (see element n. 8). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > infinitesimal infinitesimal1710 elementary1882 1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 83 Elementary polar area of the curve C. 1885 H. W. Watson & S. H. Burbury Math. Theory Electr. & Magn. I. 98 An elementary area of that surface. 7. a. Of the nature of elements or rudiments; rudimentary, introductory. elementary book, elementary writer, one that deals with first principles. elementary school, one in which primary instruction is given. Also elementary education, elementary schoolmaster. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [adjective] > rudimentary elementary1552 alphabetary1569 elemental1577 rudimental1597 rudimentary1619 one-fingered1868 beginning1923 society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > primary school under-school1629 primer schoola1680 proseminary1774 primary school1792 dame-schoola1817 pettya1827 ma'am-school1838 elementary school1841 primary1851 prep school1862 minding-school1864 junior school1871 tother school1881 marm school1889 preparatory1904 terakoya1909 prep1924 prepper1956 1552 R. Record Ground of Artes (rev. ed.) ii. sig. X.ii^v I would not wyshe you to cleaue styll to these elementary aydes. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. ¶^v Musicke is diuided into two parts, the first may be called Elementarie or rudimental. 1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature Demonstrative Evid. 17 The same thing must..be..true of every other elementary author. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 24 Elementary books on the science. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 341 In 1835, the elementary schools were 4422. 1861 J. S. Mill Considerations Representative Govt. iii. 55 Elementary maxims of prudence. 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 5 These innovations have been treated of in my..Manual of Elementary Geology. 1870 Act 33 & 34 Victoria c. 75 §1 This Act may be cited as ‘The Elementary Education Act, 1870’. 1912 W. Owen Let. 2 July (1967) 148 By him sat an Elementary School-master, of Elementary Education. 1944 H. C. Dent Educ. Act 1944 12 Under Clause 7 of the Act the category ‘elementary’ disappears from the English educational system, and ipso facto local education authorities for elementary education only disappear also. †b. That has not advanced beyond the rudiments. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [adjective] > novice or beginner younglinga1250 novice1530 freshmanly1568 elementary1601 neophyte1601 initiatea1616 novitious1619 abecedarian1633 tironizinga1660 novitial1778 neophytic1856 neophytish1897 rookie1902 tironic1909 Sears-Roebuck1917 1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love ii. iii. sig. D4 Your Courtier Elementary is one but newly entered, or as it were in the Alphabet [or] Vt-re-mi-fa-sol-la, of Courtship. View more context for this quotation Draft additions June 2019 elementary charge n. Physics the electrical charge on a single proton, equal to approx. 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs; symbol e or q_e.The value of the elementary charge was first calculated in 1909 by Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher by measuring the equal but opposite charge on the electron. Although there are particles having a smaller electrical charge than the proton (or electron), these cannot exist independently of other particles.In 2018 the General Conference on Weights and Measures agreed that, as part of the redefinition of the ampere, the value of the elementary charge would from May the following year be set at exactly 1.602176634 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs, having previously been given as 1.6021766208(98) × 10⁻¹⁹ C (where the figure in parentheses represents the standard uncertainty due to errors in measurement). ΚΠ 1909 Physical Rev. 28 315 e = elementary charge. 1958 W. Heisenberg Physics & Philos. ix. 151 The nucleus in the middle of the atom..contains almost its entire mass. Its positive electric charge, which is an integer multiple of the so-called elementary charge, determines the number of the surrounding electrons. 2008 A. Bettini Introd. Elem. Particle Physics i. 20 There are three quarks with electric charge +2/3 (in units of the elementary charge). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.c1440
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