elongationn.

/iːlɒŋˈɡeɪʃən/

Forms: Also Middle English elongacioun.

Etymology: < late Latin ēlongātiōn-em, noun of action < ēlongāre : see elongate adj.

1. Astronomy.

a. The angular distance of a heavenly body from some relatively fixed point; in modern usage, the angular distance of a planet from the sun, or of a satellite from its primary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > position of heavenly body > [noun] > from fixed point

elongationc1400

digression1646

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §25. 35 Take the heiest altitude..of any sterre fix..& tak his nethere elongacioun.

?1540 Dyfference of Astron. A ii b Of sygnes, and of theyr elongations.

1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. 31 ☿ is in his greatest elongation or distance from the ☉.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Westm. 237 The star Venus was visible all day long, as sometime it falls out neer her greatest Elongation.

1841 D. Brewster Martyrs of Sci. i. iii. 44 We saw her [Venus] in the form of a crescent, resembling exactly the moon at the same elongation.

1868 W. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Heavens (ed. 3) 76 In the morning..its maximum western elongation attains the same value.

†b. The difference in motion between the swifter and the slower of two planets, or the quantity of space whereby the one has overgone the other.

ΚΠ

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Elongation,..the Difference in Motion, between the swiftest and the slowest of two Planets.

†c. The difference between the true place and the geocentric place of a planet. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1796 in Hutton

†2.

a. Removal to a distance, departure, recession; hence, remoteness; also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > distance or farness > [noun]

farness1398

remotionc1425

distance1440

longinquityc1550

distancy1597

remoteness1607

removednessa1616

elongation1616

far-offness1873

far-awayness1888

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > removal or taking away > to a distance

elongation1616

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Elongation, a putting far off.

1639 J. Symonds in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1871) II. Ps. xxxviii. 9 Ofttimes there is a frustration of our desires, or an elongation of the things.

1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ Those who designed his elongation and further removal from Court.

1661 E. Hickeringill Jamaica 5 That vulgar errour, that it's [the Sun's] elongation [is] the reason of extreamity of cold.

1672 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 7 5126 The Dis-appearance of those Stars may be ascribed to their Elongation from..our Eyes.

1694 R. Burthogge Ess. Reason 140 In its utmost Elongation or Removal from him.

†b. Astronomy. The removal of a planet to its furthest distance from the sun; aphelion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > movement in orbit > orbit > parts of orbit

aphelion1656

perihelion1666

vector1704

elongation1708

orb1733

periaster1851

orbitale1901

Lagrangian point1962

1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Elongation,..In Astronomy, the Removal of a Planet to the farthest Distance it can be from the Sun.

1721–1800 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict.

1787 J. Smeaton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 77 319 The same disappointment..with respect to the approaching elongation in September.

3. The action or process of elongating, lengthening out, or extending.

ΚΠ

1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments ii. 20 This Motion of Elongation of the Fibres.

1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature Demonstrative Evid. 142 What overturns this whole system of analogical elongation..is a discovery..to which Lennep contributed an hint.

1828 H. Steuart Planter's Guide 277 This decided tendency to elongation of the boughs on the lee-side.

1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic iv. 79 The figure will undergo the most curious elongations and contractions.

1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth (ed. 2) 47 There is also an elongation of the anterior portion of the jaws.

†4. Surgery.

a. ‘An imperfect luxation, when the ligaments are only relaxed and lengthened, but the bone is not out of place’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer

prolongation?a1425

lengthingc1480

longation1598

extendure1610

production1658

elongation1676

lengthening1748

extension1796

1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. 480 Those Elongations which are the effect of an Humour soaking upon a Ligament..making it liable to be stretcht.

1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Elongation,..In Surgery, a sort of imperfect disjoyntning.

1847 in J. Craig New Universal Dict.

b. ‘The extension of a limb for the purpose of reducing a dislocation or setting fractured bones’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).

ΚΠ

1847 in J. Craig New Universal Dict.

5. The state of being elongated or lengthened. concrete. That which is elongated; an extended space, a continuation, a part produced.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer > state of being lengthened

elongation1751

1751 R. O. Cambridge Scribleriad iii. 83 (note) His skin was..grown over with an horny excrescence called by the Naturalists the Elongation of the papillæ.

1793 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. xiv. 198 If these elongations were to be situated at a distance from the neck of the bladder.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 29 To prove the truth of my theory respecting their [the poles'] elongation.

1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 58 But when on this boarded elongation it falls to my lot to say a good thing.

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. II. ix. iii. 354 The elongation of the image.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 76 His morality..is a mere elongation of law.

6. Mechanics. In mechanical testing, the amount of extension of a test piece when stressed, usually expressed as a percentage of the original length; also attributive.

ΚΠ

1866 Engineering 19 Jan. 33/2 The elongation of homogeneous metal and steel is only ¹/ ₁₆₆₀₀th part of its length for every ton of direct tensile strength per square inch.

1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 818/1 Eight different specimens..bore from 43½ to 46 lb. (average 45·2) just before breaking, with elongations of from 17 per cent to 22 per cent.

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 868/2 The index needle also moves two slides which show the maximum of elongation or compression.

1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Elongation strain, the percentage of elongation of a piece of material being tested in a testing-machine.

1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics I. 144/1 The elongation and contraction of area are required in order to obtain a measure of the ductility of the material.

1930 Engineering 3 Jan. 31/2 The percentage elongation observed for arsenical copper was 58 per cent.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	elongation
释义	elongationn. /iːlɒŋˈɡeɪʃən/ Forms: Also Middle English elongacioun. Etymology: < late Latin ēlongātiōn-em, noun of action < ēlongāre : see elongate adj. 1. Astronomy. a. The angular distance of a heavenly body from some relatively fixed point; in modern usage, the angular distance of a planet from the sun, or of a satellite from its primary. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > position of heavenly body > [noun] > from fixed point elongationc1400 digression1646 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §25. 35 Take the heiest altitude..of any sterre fix..& tak his nethere elongacioun. ?1540 Dyfference of Astron. A ii b Of sygnes, and of theyr elongations. 1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. 31 ☿ is in his greatest elongation or distance from the ☉. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Westm. 237 The star Venus was visible all day long, as sometime it falls out neer her greatest Elongation. 1841 D. Brewster Martyrs of Sci. i. iii. 44 We saw her [Venus] in the form of a crescent, resembling exactly the moon at the same elongation. 1868 W. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Heavens (ed. 3) 76 In the morning..its maximum western elongation attains the same value. †b. The difference in motion between the swifter and the slower of two planets, or the quantity of space whereby the one has overgone the other. ΚΠ 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Elongation,..the Difference in Motion, between the swiftest and the slowest of two Planets. †c. The difference between the true place and the geocentric place of a planet. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1796 in Hutton †2. a. Removal to a distance, departure, recession; hence, remoteness; also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > distance or farness > [noun] farness1398 remotionc1425 distance1440 longinquityc1550 distancy1597 remoteness1607 removednessa1616 elongation1616 far-offness1873 far-awayness1888 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > removal or taking away > to a distance elongation1616 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Elongation, a putting far off. 1639 J. Symonds in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1871) II. Ps. xxxviii. 9 Ofttimes there is a frustration of our desires, or an elongation of the things. 1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ Those who designed his elongation and further removal from Court. 1661 E. Hickeringill Jamaica 5 That vulgar errour, that it's [the Sun's] elongation [is] the reason of extreamity of cold. 1672 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 7 5126 The Dis-appearance of those Stars may be ascribed to their Elongation from..our Eyes. 1694 R. Burthogge Ess. Reason 140 In its utmost Elongation or Removal from him. †b. Astronomy. The removal of a planet to its furthest distance from the sun; aphelion. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > movement in orbit > orbit > parts of orbit aphelion1656 perihelion1666 vector1704 elongation1708 orb1733 periaster1851 orbitale1901 Lagrangian point1962 1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Elongation,..In Astronomy, the Removal of a Planet to the farthest Distance it can be from the Sun. 1721–1800 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. 1787 J. Smeaton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 77 319 The same disappointment..with respect to the approaching elongation in September. 3. The action or process of elongating, lengthening out, or extending. ΚΠ 1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments ii. 20 This Motion of Elongation of the Fibres. 1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature Demonstrative Evid. 142 What overturns this whole system of analogical elongation..is a discovery..to which Lennep contributed an hint. 1828 H. Steuart Planter's Guide 277 This decided tendency to elongation of the boughs on the lee-side. 1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic iv. 79 The figure will undergo the most curious elongations and contractions. 1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth (ed. 2) 47 There is also an elongation of the anterior portion of the jaws. †4. Surgery. a. ‘An imperfect luxation, when the ligaments are only relaxed and lengthened, but the bone is not out of place’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon). ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer prolongation?a1425 lengthingc1480 longation1598 extendure1610 production1658 elongation1676 lengthening1748 extension1796 1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. 480 Those Elongations which are the effect of an Humour soaking upon a Ligament..making it liable to be stretcht. 1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Elongation,..In Surgery, a sort of imperfect disjoyntning. 1847 in J. Craig New Universal Dict. b. ‘The extension of a limb for the purpose of reducing a dislocation or setting fractured bones’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon). ΚΠ 1847 in J. Craig New Universal Dict. 5. The state of being elongated or lengthened. concrete. That which is elongated; an extended space, a continuation, a part produced. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer > state of being lengthened elongation1751 1751 R. O. Cambridge Scribleriad iii. 83 (note) His skin was..grown over with an horny excrescence called by the Naturalists the Elongation of the papillæ. 1793 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. xiv. 198 If these elongations were to be situated at a distance from the neck of the bladder. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 29 To prove the truth of my theory respecting their [the poles'] elongation. 1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 58 But when on this boarded elongation it falls to my lot to say a good thing. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. II. ix. iii. 354 The elongation of the image. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 76 His morality..is a mere elongation of law. 6. Mechanics. In mechanical testing, the amount of extension of a test piece when stressed, usually expressed as a percentage of the original length; also attributive. ΚΠ 1866 Engineering 19 Jan. 33/2 The elongation of homogeneous metal and steel is only ¹/ ₁₆₆₀₀th part of its length for every ton of direct tensile strength per square inch. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 818/1 Eight different specimens..bore from 43½ to 46 lb. (average 45·2) just before breaking, with elongations of from 17 per cent to 22 per cent. a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 868/2 The index needle also moves two slides which show the maximum of elongation or compression. 1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Elongation strain, the percentage of elongation of a piece of material being tested in a testing-machine. 1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics I. 144/1 The elongation and contraction of area are required in order to obtain a measure of the ductility of the material. 1930 Engineering 3 Jan. 31/2 The percentage elongation observed for arsenical copper was 58 per cent. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.c1400
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