ethylenen.

Brit.

/ˈɛθᵻliːn/,

/ˈɛθl̩iːn/, U.S.

/ˈɛθəˌlin/

Forms: 1800s– aethylene, 1800s– ethylene.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: ethyl n., -ene comb. form.

Etymology: < ethyl n. (see discussion at that entry) + -ene comb. form. In sense 1 originally translating French éthérène etherene n. In sense 2 apparently ultimately after Swedish †ethylen (1840 or earlier; now etylen ), perhaps via German Aethylen (although this is apparently first attested later than in English: 1861 (in Aethylenbisulfid ) or earlier; now usually Ethylen ); compare earlier methylene n.

Chemistry.

1. A gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkene series which occurs in natural gas, coal gas, and crude oil and is used in chemical synthesis, esp. in the manufacture of polythene; also called ethene, (formerly) olefiant gas.Formula: C₂H₄.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > alkenes > straight-chained, by number of carbon atoms > two

etherene1842

ethene1848

ethylene1849

1849 Chem. Gaz. 15 Mar. 116 By adding to ammonia the elements of ethylene [Fr. éthérène], C⁴H⁴, ethylic ammonia, C⁴H⁷N, is obtained.

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxiii. 293 Ethylene, C₂H₄. This substance, known as olefiant gas, has already been mentioned.

1878 A. H. Green et al. Coal: Hist. & Uses vi. 207 One of the most important of these hydro-carbons is known as ethylene or ethene.

1939 J. J. Stewart Foods iv. 206 Ethylene is a constituent of the respired gas of stored fruits and it is also given off when fruits and vegetables are bruised.

1986 Oil & Gas Jrnl. 25 Aug. 27 (caption) The 10 train plant will produce 300,000 tons/year of ethylene.

2012 Guardian Unlimited (Nexis) 16 July The packaging contains a strip that absorbs ethylene, the hormone that causes fruit to ripen and then turn mouldy.

2. The divalent hydrocarbon radical —CH₂CH₂—. Chiefly attributive, in names of chemical compounds (cf. Compounds).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > hydrocarbon radicals > bivalent radicals

ethylene1853

ethylidene1859

propylidene1876

pentamethylene1887

vinylidene1898

isopropylidene1900

1853 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. VIII. 354 (heading) Bisulphide of ethylene [Ger. Zweifach-Schwefelvine].

1858 H. B. Jones & A. W. Hoffman Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 7) 466 An alcoholic body being formed, to which the name ethylene-alcohol, or glycol, has been given.

1893 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xxviii. 281 Ethyl alcohol, a derivative of the monovalent radical ethyl, yields by loss of the elements of water the divalent ethylene.

1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) vi. 85 This substance [glycol] may be prepared by boiling ethylene dihalides with aqueous alkali.

1966 Nomencl. Org. Chem.: A & B (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 2) 16 The names of bivalent radicals derived from normal alkanes by removal of a hydrogen atom from each of the two terminal carbon atoms of the chain are ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, etc.

2006 J. M. Hornback Org. Chem. (Internat. Student ed.) xi. 421 An older method for the preparation of ethylene oxide employed the addition of chlorine to ethylene in water to form ethylene chlorohydrin or 2-chloroethanol.

Compounds

(In sense 2.)

ethylene dibromide n. a sweet-smelling, toxic liquid made by the addition reaction of bromine and ethylene and used as a synthetic reagent and (esp. formerly) fumigant, pesticide, and anti-knock agent.Systematic name: 1,2-dibromoethane; C₂H₄Br₂.

ΚΠ

1861 Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 13 206 Dibromide of ethylene.]

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxiii. 294 Glycol or Ethylene Alcohol..is obtained by the action of ethylene dibromide upon silver acetate.

1928 Daily Express 10 Jan. 3/7 The..Anti-Knock Compound..is a liquid consisting of tetra-ethyl lead, ethylene dibromide, halowax oil and red aniline dye.

2003 Ledger (Lakeland, Florida) (Nexis) 18 Nov. f2 Unacceptable levels of ethylene dibromide were found in the well more than a month ago.

ethylene dichloride n. a toxic, flammable liquid made by the addition reaction of chlorine and ethylene and used as a synthetic reagent (chiefly to make vinyl chloride for PVC manufacture), and (esp. formerly) in degreasers and paint removers and as an anti-knock agent.Systematic name: 1,2-dichloroethane; C₂H₄Cl₂.In quot. 1862 apparently referring to a compound of ethylene with platinum dichloride.

ΚΠ

1862 Proc. Royal Soc. 11 513 The compounds of acetylene with subchloride of copper and other salts..may probably be classed with the group of the ethylene-dichloride of platinum.

1867 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 3) III. v. 342 Ethylidene chloride..is isomeric, but not identical with ethylene dichloride.

1881 Athenæum 26 Feb. 303/1 By heating glycol with an excess of fuming hydrochloric acid in a sealed tube to 100°, the author has converted this substance into ethylene dichloride.

1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. vii. xxvii. 326 The vapours of many chemicals, such as ethylene dichloride, C₂H₄Cl₂, ethylene chlorhydrin, ClCH₂·CH₂OH, and acetaldehyde, CH₂·CHO, break the dormancy of Potato tubers.

2006 P. Sassi Strategies for Sustainable Archit. iii. 115 The manufacture of PVC involves using chlorine, a highly toxic gas, to chlorinate ethylene, an oil-based and therefore scarce material, to produce ethylene dichloride.

ethylene glycol n. a sweet-tasting, viscous, hygroscopic liquid alcohol made chiefly by hydrolysis of ethylene oxide and used in antifreeze and de-icing fluid, as a synthetic reagent (esp. in the manufacture of polyesters), and in the preservation of waterlogged wood; cf. glycol n.Systematic name: ethane-1,2-diol; HOCH₂CH₂OH.

ΚΠ

1863 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 16 292 Ethylene glycol (C₄H₄)O₂.2HO.

1906 H. J. H. Fenton Notes Qualitative Anal. (new ed.) 189 Glyoxal is obtained by the careful oxidation of ethylene glycol or ethyl alcohol.

1934 A. W. Thomas Colloid Chem. v. 83 Ethylene glycol is a swelling agent for nitrocellulose.

1990 Green Mag. Nov. 9/1 Ethylene glycol is also reportedly used with red dye to mark roads and runways in snowy and icy conditions.

2011 M. Gosnell Ice xxi The ethylene glycol keeps car radiator fluid from freezing down to −40°F.

ethylene oxide n. a flammable toxic gas made by the catalytic oxidation of ethylene and used widely as a reagent in organic synthesis and as a sterilizing agent and fumigant.Ethylene oxide is the simplest example of an epoxide. Formula: (CH₂)₂O.

ΚΠ

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxiii. 296 Ethylene oxide is a volatile colourless liquid, boiling at 13°·5, soluble in all proportions in water.

1898 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 74 i. 399 Ethylene oxide reacts vigorously with ethylamine.

1933 Discovery Aug. 250/2 Control [of a moth infestation] can also be exercised by vacuum fumigation with ethylene oxide.

1962 Listener 20 Sept. 430/1 Another method of sterilization [of a space capsule] is to use the gas known as ethylene oxide.

2008 E. Royte Bottlemania vii. 139 Plastic-making also generates emissions of nickel, ethylbenzene, ethylene oxide, and benzene.

Derivatives

ethyˈlenic adj. [perhaps after French éthylénique (1851 οr earlier)] containing, derived from, or characteristic of ethylene; containing the carbon–carbon double bond characteristic of ethylene and the alkenes.

ΚΠ

1858 H. B. Jones & A. W. Hofmann Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 7) 477 An alcohol..standing to methylic alcohol in the same relation which obtains between ethylic and ethylenic alcohols.

1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 604 (heading) Heats of combustion of glycerol and of ethylenic glycol.

1946 Nature 14 Dec. 876/2 The lachrymatory activity of some ethylenic compounds.

1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. ii. 14 The pair of valency bonds..which is the essential feature of the olefins and upon which their chemical properties depend, is referred to as an ethylenic or olefinic bond.

2008 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 12697/1 Interconversion occurs through rotation about the CC single bond connecting the ethylenic and propargyl molecular subunits.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ethylene
释义	ethylenen. Brit. /ˈɛθᵻliːn/, /ˈɛθl̩iːn/, U.S. /ˈɛθəˌlin/ Forms: 1800s– aethylene, 1800s– ethylene. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: ethyl n., -ene comb. form. Etymology: < ethyl n. (see discussion at that entry) + -ene comb. form. In sense 1 originally translating French éthérène etherene n. In sense 2 apparently ultimately after Swedish †ethylen (1840 or earlier; now etylen ), perhaps via German Aethylen (although this is apparently first attested later than in English: 1861 (in Aethylenbisulfid ) or earlier; now usually Ethylen ); compare earlier methylene n. Chemistry. 1. A gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkene series which occurs in natural gas, coal gas, and crude oil and is used in chemical synthesis, esp. in the manufacture of polythene; also called ethene, (formerly) olefiant gas.Formula: C₂H₄. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > alkenes > straight-chained, by number of carbon atoms > two etherene1842 ethene1848 ethylene1849 1849 Chem. Gaz. 15 Mar. 116 By adding to ammonia the elements of ethylene [Fr. éthérène], C⁴H⁴, ethylic ammonia, C⁴H⁷N, is obtained. 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxiii. 293 Ethylene, C₂H₄. This substance, known as olefiant gas, has already been mentioned. 1878 A. H. Green et al. Coal: Hist. & Uses vi. 207 One of the most important of these hydro-carbons is known as ethylene or ethene. 1939 J. J. Stewart Foods iv. 206 Ethylene is a constituent of the respired gas of stored fruits and it is also given off when fruits and vegetables are bruised. 1986 Oil & Gas Jrnl. 25 Aug. 27 (caption) The 10 train plant will produce 300,000 tons/year of ethylene. 2012 Guardian Unlimited (Nexis) 16 July The packaging contains a strip that absorbs ethylene, the hormone that causes fruit to ripen and then turn mouldy. 2. The divalent hydrocarbon radical —CH₂CH₂—. Chiefly attributive, in names of chemical compounds (cf. Compounds). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > hydrocarbon radicals > bivalent radicals ethylene1853 ethylidene1859 propylidene1876 pentamethylene1887 vinylidene1898 isopropylidene1900 1853 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. VIII. 354 (heading) Bisulphide of ethylene [Ger. Zweifach-Schwefelvine]. 1858 H. B. Jones & A. W. Hoffman Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 7) 466 An alcoholic body being formed, to which the name ethylene-alcohol, or glycol, has been given. 1893 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xxviii. 281 Ethyl alcohol, a derivative of the monovalent radical ethyl, yields by loss of the elements of water the divalent ethylene. 1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) vi. 85 This substance [glycol] may be prepared by boiling ethylene dihalides with aqueous alkali. 1966 Nomencl. Org. Chem.: A & B (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 2) 16 The names of bivalent radicals derived from normal alkanes by removal of a hydrogen atom from each of the two terminal carbon atoms of the chain are ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, etc. 2006 J. M. Hornback Org. Chem. (Internat. Student ed.) xi. 421 An older method for the preparation of ethylene oxide employed the addition of chlorine to ethylene in water to form ethylene chlorohydrin or 2-chloroethanol. Compounds (In sense 2.) ethylene dibromide n. a sweet-smelling, toxic liquid made by the addition reaction of bromine and ethylene and used as a synthetic reagent and (esp. formerly) fumigant, pesticide, and anti-knock agent.Systematic name: 1,2-dibromoethane; C₂H₄Br₂. ΚΠ 1861 Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 13 206 Dibromide of ethylene.] 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxiii. 294 Glycol or Ethylene Alcohol..is obtained by the action of ethylene dibromide upon silver acetate. 1928 Daily Express 10 Jan. 3/7 The..Anti-Knock Compound..is a liquid consisting of tetra-ethyl lead, ethylene dibromide, halowax oil and red aniline dye. 2003 Ledger (Lakeland, Florida) (Nexis) 18 Nov. f2 Unacceptable levels of ethylene dibromide were found in the well more than a month ago. ethylene dichloride n. a toxic, flammable liquid made by the addition reaction of chlorine and ethylene and used as a synthetic reagent (chiefly to make vinyl chloride for PVC manufacture), and (esp. formerly) in degreasers and paint removers and as an anti-knock agent.Systematic name: 1,2-dichloroethane; C₂H₄Cl₂.In quot. 1862 apparently referring to a compound of ethylene with platinum dichloride. ΚΠ 1862 Proc. Royal Soc. 11 513 The compounds of acetylene with subchloride of copper and other salts..may probably be classed with the group of the ethylene-dichloride of platinum. 1867 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 3) III. v. 342 Ethylidene chloride..is isomeric, but not identical with ethylene dichloride. 1881 Athenæum 26 Feb. 303/1 By heating glycol with an excess of fuming hydrochloric acid in a sealed tube to 100°, the author has converted this substance into ethylene dichloride. 1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. vii. xxvii. 326 The vapours of many chemicals, such as ethylene dichloride, C₂H₄Cl₂, ethylene chlorhydrin, ClCH₂·CH₂OH, and acetaldehyde, CH₂·CHO, break the dormancy of Potato tubers. 2006 P. Sassi Strategies for Sustainable Archit. iii. 115 The manufacture of PVC involves using chlorine, a highly toxic gas, to chlorinate ethylene, an oil-based and therefore scarce material, to produce ethylene dichloride. ethylene glycol n. a sweet-tasting, viscous, hygroscopic liquid alcohol made chiefly by hydrolysis of ethylene oxide and used in antifreeze and de-icing fluid, as a synthetic reagent (esp. in the manufacture of polyesters), and in the preservation of waterlogged wood; cf. glycol n.Systematic name: ethane-1,2-diol; HOCH₂CH₂OH. ΚΠ 1863 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 16 292 Ethylene glycol (C₄H₄)O₂.2HO. 1906 H. J. H. Fenton Notes Qualitative Anal. (new ed.) 189 Glyoxal is obtained by the careful oxidation of ethylene glycol or ethyl alcohol. 1934 A. W. Thomas Colloid Chem. v. 83 Ethylene glycol is a swelling agent for nitrocellulose. 1990 Green Mag. Nov. 9/1 Ethylene glycol is also reportedly used with red dye to mark roads and runways in snowy and icy conditions. 2011 M. Gosnell Ice xxi The ethylene glycol keeps car radiator fluid from freezing down to −40°F. ethylene oxide n. a flammable toxic gas made by the catalytic oxidation of ethylene and used widely as a reagent in organic synthesis and as a sterilizing agent and fumigant.Ethylene oxide is the simplest example of an epoxide. Formula: (CH₂)₂O. ΚΠ 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxiii. 296 Ethylene oxide is a volatile colourless liquid, boiling at 13°·5, soluble in all proportions in water. 1898 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 74 i. 399 Ethylene oxide reacts vigorously with ethylamine. 1933 Discovery Aug. 250/2 Control [of a moth infestation] can also be exercised by vacuum fumigation with ethylene oxide. 1962 Listener 20 Sept. 430/1 Another method of sterilization [of a space capsule] is to use the gas known as ethylene oxide. 2008 E. Royte Bottlemania vii. 139 Plastic-making also generates emissions of nickel, ethylbenzene, ethylene oxide, and benzene. Derivatives ethyˈlenic adj. [perhaps after French éthylénique (1851 οr earlier)] containing, derived from, or characteristic of ethylene; containing the carbon–carbon double bond characteristic of ethylene and the alkenes. ΚΠ 1858 H. B. Jones & A. W. Hofmann Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 7) 477 An alcohol..standing to methylic alcohol in the same relation which obtains between ethylic and ethylenic alcohols. 1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 604 (heading) Heats of combustion of glycerol and of ethylenic glycol. 1946 Nature 14 Dec. 876/2 The lachrymatory activity of some ethylenic compounds. 1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. ii. 14 The pair of valency bonds..which is the essential feature of the olefins and upon which their chemical properties depend, is referred to as an ethylenic or olefinic bond. 2008 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 12697/1 Interconversion occurs through rotation about the CC single bond connecting the ethylenic and propargyl molecular subunits. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1849
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