filtrationn.

Brit.

/fɪlˈtreɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌfɪlˈtreɪʃən/

Forms: 1600s filteration, 1600s philtration, 1600s– filtration.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French filtration; Latin filtration-, filtratio.

Etymology: < (i) French filtration action or process of filtering (1578 in Middle French; the sense ‘percolation’ is apparently not paralleled in French until later than in English: 1690), and its probable etymon (ii) post-classical Latin filtration-, filtratio (1532 or earlier), apparently < filtrat- , past participial stem of filtrare (although this is apparently first attested slightly later: see filter v.) + classical Latin -iōn- , -iō -ion suffix¹.With the form philtration compare β. forms at filter n.

1. The action or process of filtering something; an instance of this. Also in extended use and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > filtering or percolating > [noun]

leachinga900

filtering1576

excolation1578

filtration1602

percolation1613

transcolation1634

filtrating1662

membrane filtration1931

polishing1938

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun] > through any medium or space > passing through a porous medium

sipec888

oozinga1398

siping1503

sying1530

filtering1576

filtration1602

percolation1613

transudation1617

filtrature1670

ooze1718

transuding1756

sap1794

seepage1825

sipage1825

percolating1861

soakage1867

bleeding1926

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [noun] > joining another line of traffic at junction

filtration1932

1602 W. Clowes Treat. Cure Struma 46 The licour (being by filtration clensed from all dregs).

1651 J. French Art Distillation i. 38 The salt of Amber..being gathered let be purified by solution, filtration, and coagulation according to art.

1701 tr. D. Tauvry New Rational Anat. vi. 62 The Humours of our Body are separated from the Blood by Filtration only, and never by Evaporation.

1758 R. Dossie Elaboratory laid open Introd. 60 Filtration is generally practised, by means either of flannel cloth, or paper.

1803 Imison's Elements Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 6 Filtration is a finer species of sifting.

1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. vi. 174 It is not easy to render his version into..English rhyme, without the perfume of the original escaping in this double filtration.

1900 Merck's Rep. Nov. 520/3 A dilute solution of ferric chloride..gave after one filtration a turbid filtrate.

1932 Evening Standard 21 Jan. 4/4 ‘Filtration’ takes place whenever the lights give the ‘All Clear’ at a crossing; many vehicles in the stream which is let loose turn left or right despite the fact that in the road into which they are turning the traffic lights show red.

1970 D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics (ed. 2) x. 220 If a current of more than one milliamp is to be delivered by the rectifier, L—C filtration must be used.

2012 Dwell Apr. 108/2 (advt.) Stylish, ultra-quiet, wall-mountable HEPA air purifier offers six stages of filtration.

2. The action of passing through a filter; the action of percolating or seeping through a porous medium. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun] > through any medium or space > passing through a porous medium > movement similar to

filtration1644

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xx. 184 The steames which clymbe vp one an other by the way of filtration.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 69 If we pursue this Sap in its incomprehensible Filtration through the Pores of Plants, we shall discover its many wonderful Changes.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. II. xxi. 462 [The pervasiveness of light and heat] has been overlooked as an accidental filtration.

1823 Leeds Correspondent July 207 The masses of snow that fell into the river were so large that it had not the power to remove them, though it found a passage by filtration through them.

1885 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 23. 66 The induration..is to be regarded as due to the downward filtration of lime-bearing solutions.

1930 Archit. Forum Oct. 511/1 Heat is lost from buildings..by filtration through cracks and clearances around openings and through porous structural materials.

1976 W. J. Jones Lexicon French Borrowings in German Vocab. (1575–1648) ii. 48 The filtration of courtly borrowings downwards to lower, but aspiring, social classes.

2009 Adjacent Precast Concrete Box Beam Bridges (Transportation Res. Board) iv. 19/1 The investigation revealed that chloride contamination is primarily the result of leaky joints and filtration of water through the deck.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as filtration process, filtration rate, etc.

ΚΠ

1848 W. H. Walshe in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 102/1 It is probable that the filtration process exercises some influence of the kind under consideration.

1857 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. Eng. 18 146 Having ascertained in the previous filtration experiments that a soil containing a good deal of clay and lime is capable of removing..valuable fertilising constituents.

1898 B. Y. Frost et al. in 19th Ann. Rep. State Board of Health N.Y. (1899) 483 Before the work on the filtration plant was fairly under way, the funds in the hands of the commissioners gave out and work stopped.

1932 Michigan Technic Oct. 20/1 These [sc. sand filters] are designed of fine sand with a fairly rapid filtration rate.

1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses iv. 209 The water itself is cleansed of impurities..in an American filtration machine.

2011 New Yorker 18 Apr. 84/2 Carrying a filtration pump and a canvas waterskin, I followed what I thought was the path to the pool.

C2.

filtration camp n. [in specific uses after Russian fil′trаciоnnyj lаgеr′ (1945); with sense (b) compare also Russian fil′trаciоnnyj punkt (1994 with reference to Chechnya)] a camp for immigrants, prisoners of war, etc.; spec.: (a) a camp established by the Soviet Union during the Second World War (1939–45) in order to screen citizens of Soviet territories who had been imprisoned by German forces or had been living in countries under German occupation (now historical); (b) a prison camp created (often illegally) by Russian forces in Chechnya during the conflicts between Russian and Chechen forces in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st cent.In quot. 1905 a camp for Italian immigrant labourers.

ΚΠ

1905 N.Y. Times 13 Dec. 18/2 Miss Moore..gave a full report of the initial experiment..which she herself conducted at the Pittsburg filtration camp in the suburbs of Pittsburg early this Fall.

1946 Chicago Tribune 2 Mar. 13/4 The letter..told how the Red army rounded up every male between the ages of 16 and 60 and herded them into ‘filtration’ camps.

1971 Human Events 2 Oct. 13/4 All prisoners were processed through ‘filtration camps’ as a matter of routine, where their individual degree of treason was determined.

1995 Russ. Press Digest (Nexis) 28 Jan. The purpose of Kovalev's flight was to verify the reports ‘about the filtration camp established by Yegorov and Grachev in Mozdok’.

2000 Independent 9 Mar. i. 18/4 There is no need to travel to Chechnya, with its ‘filtration camps’ and hostage holding, to see human rights being violated in Russia.

2004 G. Swain Between Stalin & Hitler v. 108 The surviving women and children were then taken to a filtration camp; those who failed to keep pace were shot as stragglers.

2012 New Statesman (Nexis) 3 Sept. Young Chechen men of military age were assumed to be guilty and sent to filtration camps.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	filtration
释义	filtrationn. Brit. /fɪlˈtreɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌfɪlˈtreɪʃən/ Forms: 1600s filteration, 1600s philtration, 1600s– filtration. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French filtration; Latin filtration-, filtratio. Etymology: < (i) French filtration action or process of filtering (1578 in Middle French; the sense ‘percolation’ is apparently not paralleled in French until later than in English: 1690), and its probable etymon (ii) post-classical Latin filtration-, filtratio (1532 or earlier), apparently < filtrat- , past participial stem of filtrare (although this is apparently first attested slightly later: see filter v.) + classical Latin -iōn- , -iō -ion suffix¹.With the form philtration compare β. forms at filter n. 1. The action or process of filtering something; an instance of this. Also in extended use and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > filtering or percolating > [noun] leachinga900 filtering1576 excolation1578 filtration1602 percolation1613 transcolation1634 filtrating1662 membrane filtration1931 polishing1938 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun] > through any medium or space > passing through a porous medium sipec888 oozinga1398 siping1503 sying1530 filtering1576 filtration1602 percolation1613 transudation1617 filtrature1670 ooze1718 transuding1756 sap1794 seepage1825 sipage1825 percolating1861 soakage1867 bleeding1926 society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [noun] > joining another line of traffic at junction filtration1932 1602 W. Clowes Treat. Cure Struma 46 The licour (being by filtration clensed from all dregs). 1651 J. French Art Distillation i. 38 The salt of Amber..being gathered let be purified by solution, filtration, and coagulation according to art. 1701 tr. D. Tauvry New Rational Anat. vi. 62 The Humours of our Body are separated from the Blood by Filtration only, and never by Evaporation. 1758 R. Dossie Elaboratory laid open Introd. 60 Filtration is generally practised, by means either of flannel cloth, or paper. 1803 Imison's Elements Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 6 Filtration is a finer species of sifting. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. vi. 174 It is not easy to render his version into..English rhyme, without the perfume of the original escaping in this double filtration. 1900 Merck's Rep. Nov. 520/3 A dilute solution of ferric chloride..gave after one filtration a turbid filtrate. 1932 Evening Standard 21 Jan. 4/4 ‘Filtration’ takes place whenever the lights give the ‘All Clear’ at a crossing; many vehicles in the stream which is let loose turn left or right despite the fact that in the road into which they are turning the traffic lights show red. 1970 D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics (ed. 2) x. 220 If a current of more than one milliamp is to be delivered by the rectifier, L—C filtration must be used. 2012 Dwell Apr. 108/2 (advt.) Stylish, ultra-quiet, wall-mountable HEPA air purifier offers six stages of filtration. 2. The action of passing through a filter; the action of percolating or seeping through a porous medium. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun] > through any medium or space > passing through a porous medium > movement similar to filtration1644 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xx. 184 The steames which clymbe vp one an other by the way of filtration. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 69 If we pursue this Sap in its incomprehensible Filtration through the Pores of Plants, we shall discover its many wonderful Changes. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. II. xxi. 462 [The pervasiveness of light and heat] has been overlooked as an accidental filtration. 1823 Leeds Correspondent July 207 The masses of snow that fell into the river were so large that it had not the power to remove them, though it found a passage by filtration through them. 1885 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 23. 66 The induration..is to be regarded as due to the downward filtration of lime-bearing solutions. 1930 Archit. Forum Oct. 511/1 Heat is lost from buildings..by filtration through cracks and clearances around openings and through porous structural materials. 1976 W. J. Jones Lexicon French Borrowings in German Vocab. (1575–1648) ii. 48 The filtration of courtly borrowings downwards to lower, but aspiring, social classes. 2009 Adjacent Precast Concrete Box Beam Bridges (Transportation Res. Board) iv. 19/1 The investigation revealed that chloride contamination is primarily the result of leaky joints and filtration of water through the deck. Compounds C1. General attributive, as filtration process, filtration rate, etc. ΚΠ 1848 W. H. Walshe in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 102/1 It is probable that the filtration process exercises some influence of the kind under consideration. 1857 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. Eng. 18 146 Having ascertained in the previous filtration experiments that a soil containing a good deal of clay and lime is capable of removing..valuable fertilising constituents. 1898 B. Y. Frost et al. in 19th Ann. Rep. State Board of Health N.Y. (1899) 483 Before the work on the filtration plant was fairly under way, the funds in the hands of the commissioners gave out and work stopped. 1932 Michigan Technic Oct. 20/1 These [sc. sand filters] are designed of fine sand with a fairly rapid filtration rate. 1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses iv. 209 The water itself is cleansed of impurities..in an American filtration machine. 2011 New Yorker 18 Apr. 84/2 Carrying a filtration pump and a canvas waterskin, I followed what I thought was the path to the pool. C2. filtration camp n. [in specific uses after Russian fil′trаciоnnyj lаgеr′ (1945); with sense (b) compare also Russian fil′trаciоnnyj punkt (1994 with reference to Chechnya)] a camp for immigrants, prisoners of war, etc.; spec.: (a) a camp established by the Soviet Union during the Second World War (1939–45) in order to screen citizens of Soviet territories who had been imprisoned by German forces or had been living in countries under German occupation (now historical); (b) a prison camp created (often illegally) by Russian forces in Chechnya during the conflicts between Russian and Chechen forces in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st cent.In quot. 1905 a camp for Italian immigrant labourers. ΚΠ 1905 N.Y. Times 13 Dec. 18/2 Miss Moore..gave a full report of the initial experiment..which she herself conducted at the Pittsburg filtration camp in the suburbs of Pittsburg early this Fall. 1946 Chicago Tribune 2 Mar. 13/4 The letter..told how the Red army rounded up every male between the ages of 16 and 60 and herded them into ‘filtration’ camps. 1971 Human Events 2 Oct. 13/4 All prisoners were processed through ‘filtration camps’ as a matter of routine, where their individual degree of treason was determined. 1995 Russ. Press Digest (Nexis) 28 Jan. The purpose of Kovalev's flight was to verify the reports ‘about the filtration camp established by Yegorov and Grachev in Mozdok’. 2000 Independent 9 Mar. i. 18/4 There is no need to travel to Chechnya, with its ‘filtration camps’ and hostage holding, to see human rights being violated in Russia. 2004 G. Swain Between Stalin & Hitler v. 108 The surviving women and children were then taken to a filtration camp; those who failed to keep pace were shot as stragglers. 2012 New Statesman (Nexis) 3 Sept. Young Chechen men of military age were assumed to be guilty and sent to filtration camps. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1602
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