flumen.

Brit.

/fluːm/, U.S.

/flum/

Forms: Middle English–1500s flum, Middle English Orm. flumm, (Middle English flun), Middle English flym, Middle English flumme, Middle English–1500s flom(e, Middle English flomme, Middle English floum, 1700s–1800s floom, Middle English– flume. See also fleam n.¹

Etymology: < Old French flum, flun = Provençal flum, Italian fiume < Latin flūmen river, < fluĕre to flow.

†1. A stream, a river; also, water. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > [noun] > river

floodc825

streamc875

eaeOE

water streamOE

flumec1175

fleamc1300

riverc1300

currentc1380

reea1500

ford1563

fluent1598

draught1601

nymph1605

amnic1623

flux1637

nullah1656

R1692

currency1758

silent highway1841

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 141 Ine flum iordan.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1035 Þis flummes four þat þar biginnes, thoru out all oþer contres rinnes.

a1300 Magdalena 427 in Horstmann Alteng. Leg. 158 To þe flym Jordan.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 186 At þat ilk flom Richard gaf bataile.

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1406 There bene baptismes thre Off fflvmme, of flavme, of blode.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 450 All into that flume Tha drownit ilkone becaus tha culd not swym.

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 247 A deep Fume, which was called the water of Iuno.

2. A mill-tail. Cf. fleam n.² 2.

ΚΠ

1855 in H. Clarke New Dict. Eng. Lang.

3. U.S., etc.

a. An artificial channel for a stream of water to be applied to some industrial use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water

water leatOE

water lade1224

leat1279

watergang1293

sow1316

trough1398

wissinga1400

lanec1420

waterway1431

water leasow1440

watercoursea1450

fleam1523

lead1541

cut1548

aqueducta1552

lake1559

strand1565

race1570

channel1581

watergauge1597

gout1598

server1610

carriage1669

runnel1669

aquage1706

shoot1707

tewel1725

run1761

penstock1763

hulve1764

way-gang1766

culvert1774

flume1784

shute1790

pentrough1793

raceway1793

water carriage1793

carrier1794

conductor1796

water carrier1827

penchute1875

chute1878

by-cut1883

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > transport of logs

flume1784

log-rollinga1792

drive1835

river-driving1843

river drive1845

sluice-way1851

sacking1860

timber drivea1861

skidding1877

log-running1878

skid road1880

rigging1897

swamping1902

log-drivea1904

high lead1905

high-lining1919

1784 J. Belknap Jrnl. 28 July in Tour to White Mts. (1876) 17 One [stream]..is so narrow as exactly to resemble a flume, and goes by that name.

1798 J. Root Rep. Superior Court & Supreme Court of Errors 1 359 Laid the bottom of the floom to the grist-mill about four feet lower than the saw-mill.

1862 B. Taylor At Home & Abroad 2nd Ser. ii. §6. 126 Wooden flumes, raised on tall tressels, brought water from some reservoir above to the diggings.

1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 865 A curious V shaped wooden aqueduct or flume.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 343/2 Flume, a metal chute used for the distribution of concrete from a placing plant.

1957 N.Z. Timber Jrnl. Mar. 52/2 Flume, an inclined trough with running water for transporting logs.

1959 B.S.I. News Nov. 25 Notches, weirs and flumes for flow measurement.

b. A deep narrow channel or ravine with a stream running through it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > gorge or ravine

cloughc1330

heugha1400

straitc1400

gillc1440

gulfa1533

gull1553

gap1555

coomb1578

gullet1600

nick1606

goyle1617

gully1637

nullah1656

ravine1687

barrancaa1691

kloof1731

ravin1746

water gap1756

gorge1769

arroyo1777

quebrada1787

rambla1789

flume1792

linn1799

cañada1814

gulch1832

cañon1834

canyon1837

khud1837

couloir1855

draw1864

box canyon1869

sitch1888

tangi1901

opena1903

1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 52 Two streams..one of which descends in a trench two feet wide, and is called the flume, from the near resemblance which it bears to an artificial flume.

1841 C. T. Jackson Geol. New Hampsh. 97 It is not practicable to walk in the bed of the flume.

1889 J. D. Whitney United States 222 Flume..as applied in the United States, and chiefly in the White Mountains, means a narrow passage or defile between nearly perpendicular rocks, through which runs a stream.

c. U.S. slang. to go or be up the flume: to ‘come to grief’, ‘be done for’; to die.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]

forsweltc888

sweltc888

adeadeOE

deadc950

wendeOE

i-wite971

starveOE

witea1000

forfereOE

forthfareOE

forworthc1000

to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE

queleOE

fallOE

to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE

to shed (one's own) blood?a1100

diec1135

endc1175

farec1175

to give up the ghostc1175

letc1200

aswelta1250

leavea1250

to-sweltc1275

to-worthc1275

to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290

finea1300

spilla1300

part?1316

to leese one's life-daysa1325

to nim the way of deathc1325

to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330

flit1340

trance1340

determinec1374

disperisha1382

to go the way of all the eartha1382

to be gathered to one's fathers1382

miscarryc1387

shut1390

goa1393

to die upa1400

expirea1400

fleea1400

to pass awaya1400

to seek out of lifea1400–50

to sye hethena1400

tinea1400

trespass14..

espirec1430

to end one's days?a1439

decease1439

to go away?a1450

ungoc1450

unlivec1450

to change one's lifea1470

vade1495

depart1501

to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513

to decease this world1515

to go over?1520

jet1530

vade1530

to go westa1532

to pick over the perch1532

galpa1535

to die the death1535

to depart to God1548

to go home1561

mort1568

inlaikc1575

shuffle1576

finish1578

to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587

relent1587

unbreathe1589

transpass1592

to lose one's breath1596

to make a die (of it)1611

to go offa1616

fail1623

to go out1635

to peak over the percha1641

exita1652

drop1654

to knock offa1657

to kick upa1658

to pay nature her due1657

ghost1666

to march off1693

to die off1697

pike1697

to drop off1699

tip (over) the perch1699

to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703

sink1718

vent1718

to launch into eternity1719

to join the majority1721

demise1727

to pack off1735

to slip one's cable1751

turf1763

to move off1764

to pop off the hooks1764

to hop off1797

to pass on1805

to go to glory1814

sough1816

to hand in one's accounts1817

to slip one's breatha1819

croak1819

to slip one's wind1819

stiffen1820

weed1824

buy1825

to drop short1826

to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839

to get one's (also the) call1839

to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840

to unreeve one's lifeline1840

to step out1844

to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845

to hand in one's checks1845

to go off the handle1848

to go under1848

succumb1849

to turn one's toes up1851

to peg out1852

walk1858

snuff1864

to go or be up the flume1865

to pass outc1867

to cash in one's chips1870

to go (also pass over) to the majority1883

to cash in1884

to cop it1884

snuff1885

to belly up1886

perch1886

to kick the bucket1889

off1890

to knock over1892

to pass over1897

to stop one1901

to pass in1904

to hand in one's marble1911

the silver cord is loosed1911

pip1913

to cross over1915

conk1917

to check out1921

to kick off1921

to pack up1925

to step off1926

to take the ferry1928

peg1931

to meet one's Maker1933

to kiss off1935

to crease it1959

zonk1968

cark1977

to cark it1979

to take a dirt nap1981

the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > come to grief

misfareOE

miswendOE

misferec1275

misspeeda1387

miscarryc1387

mischieve?a1400

to catch copper1530

to lose one's seatc1540

mischief1598

to bu(r)st one's boiler1824

to come to grief1850

to come (also go) a mucker1851

to come (fall, get) a cropper1858

mucker1862

to go or be up the flume1865

to come undone1899

to play smash1903

to come to a sticky end1904

to come unstuck1911

1865 Eastern Slope (Washoe, Nevada) 23 Dec. 3/1 The great Stockholder..has in the classic language of the mines, ‘gone up the flume’.

1882 ‘M. Twain’ Stolen White Elephant 97 Well, then, that idea's up the flume.

1888 Longman's Mag. XIII. 48 It's no good wishing—he's gone up the flume.

Compounds

flume-water; flume-car n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 350/1 Flume car, a car to travel in a flume; wheels rest on the sides of the flume and the water runs a paddle wheel.

1897 B. Harraden Hilda Strafford 59 I wish I hadn't filled up my reservoir so full with flume-water.

Draft additions 1993

a. esp. (in Forestry), for the transport of logs or timber. Cf. log flume n. (a) at log n.¹ Additions.

ΚΠ

1748 Duxbury (Mass.) Rec. (1893) 292 Isaac Partridge being obliged to make and maintain a good floom for term of Twenty years next coming, for the stream to pass through.

1894 J. Nisbet Brown's Forester (ed. 6) II. xi. 250 In California, throughout the Rocky Mountain tracts, enormous quantities of timber are conveyed for immense distances in flumes worked by water power.

1976 S. Conway Logging Pract. xvii. 337 There are some other types of log transportation, such as the chute and the flume, which are no longer or very little used... In a flume, a log rides a sheet of water at speeds up to 100 miles per hour.

b. A water-chute used as a ride at a fairground or amusement park; a water-slide.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > place of amusement or entertainment > fairground or amusement park > [noun] > fairground ride > other rides

wiggle-waggle1825

helter-skelter lighthouse1906

cakewalk1908

flip-flap1908

ghost train1931

tunnel of love1954

log flume1963

razzle1969

flume1978

1972 New Society 16 Nov. 395/2 The 40-acre fantasy of big dipper rides, log flumes and big wheels.]

1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. 6 b/1 There's a flume ride, motorcycle racing course,..Western streets and more.

1985 Punch 16 Oct. 97/1 The ‘Wild Waters’ flume at Richmond-upon-Thames, where rapid transit through a giant convoluted colon into a splashy receptacle may be enjoyed several times over in a 40-minutes session for £2.50. The flume..is a closed waterslide.

1989 Holiday Which? Sept. 162/3 Supervision is particularly important at pools with slides and flumes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	flume
释义	flumen. Brit. /fluːm/, U.S. /flum/ Forms: Middle English–1500s flum, Middle English Orm. flumm, (Middle English flun), Middle English flym, Middle English flumme, Middle English–1500s flom(e, Middle English flomme, Middle English floum, 1700s–1800s floom, Middle English– flume. See also fleam n.¹ Etymology: < Old French flum, flun = Provençal flum, Italian fiume < Latin flūmen river, < fluĕre to flow. †1. A stream, a river; also, water. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > [noun] > river floodc825 streamc875 eaeOE water streamOE flumec1175 fleamc1300 riverc1300 currentc1380 reea1500 ford1563 fluent1598 draught1601 nymph1605 amnic1623 flux1637 nullah1656 R1692 currency1758 silent highway1841 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 141 Ine flum iordan. a1300 Cursor Mundi 1035 Þis flummes four þat þar biginnes, thoru out all oþer contres rinnes. a1300 Magdalena 427 in Horstmann Alteng. Leg. 158 To þe flym Jordan. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 186 At þat ilk flom Richard gaf bataile. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1406 There bene baptismes thre Off fflvmme, of flavme, of blode. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 450 All into that flume Tha drownit ilkone becaus tha culd not swym. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 247 A deep Fume, which was called the water of Iuno. 2. A mill-tail. Cf. fleam n.² 2. ΚΠ 1855 in H. Clarke New Dict. Eng. Lang. 3. U.S., etc. a. An artificial channel for a stream of water to be applied to some industrial use. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water water leatOE water lade1224 leat1279 watergang1293 sow1316 trough1398 wissinga1400 lanec1420 waterway1431 water leasow1440 watercoursea1450 fleam1523 lead1541 cut1548 aqueducta1552 lake1559 strand1565 race1570 channel1581 watergauge1597 gout1598 server1610 carriage1669 runnel1669 aquage1706 shoot1707 tewel1725 run1761 penstock1763 hulve1764 way-gang1766 culvert1774 flume1784 shute1790 pentrough1793 raceway1793 water carriage1793 carrier1794 conductor1796 water carrier1827 penchute1875 chute1878 by-cut1883 the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > transport of logs flume1784 log-rollinga1792 drive1835 river-driving1843 river drive1845 sluice-way1851 sacking1860 timber drivea1861 skidding1877 log-running1878 skid road1880 rigging1897 swamping1902 log-drivea1904 high lead1905 high-lining1919 1784 J. Belknap Jrnl. 28 July in Tour to White Mts. (1876) 17 One [stream]..is so narrow as exactly to resemble a flume, and goes by that name. 1798 J. Root Rep. Superior Court & Supreme Court of Errors 1 359 Laid the bottom of the floom to the grist-mill about four feet lower than the saw-mill. 1862 B. Taylor At Home & Abroad 2nd Ser. ii. §6. 126 Wooden flumes, raised on tall tressels, brought water from some reservoir above to the diggings. 1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 865 A curious V shaped wooden aqueduct or flume. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 343/2 Flume, a metal chute used for the distribution of concrete from a placing plant. 1957 N.Z. Timber Jrnl. Mar. 52/2 Flume, an inclined trough with running water for transporting logs. 1959 B.S.I. News Nov. 25 Notches, weirs and flumes for flow measurement. b. A deep narrow channel or ravine with a stream running through it. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > gorge or ravine cloughc1330 heugha1400 straitc1400 gillc1440 gulfa1533 gull1553 gap1555 coomb1578 gullet1600 nick1606 goyle1617 gully1637 nullah1656 ravine1687 barrancaa1691 kloof1731 ravin1746 water gap1756 gorge1769 arroyo1777 quebrada1787 rambla1789 flume1792 linn1799 cañada1814 gulch1832 cañon1834 canyon1837 khud1837 couloir1855 draw1864 box canyon1869 sitch1888 tangi1901 opena1903 1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 52 Two streams..one of which descends in a trench two feet wide, and is called the flume, from the near resemblance which it bears to an artificial flume. 1841 C. T. Jackson Geol. New Hampsh. 97 It is not practicable to walk in the bed of the flume. 1889 J. D. Whitney United States 222 Flume..as applied in the United States, and chiefly in the White Mountains, means a narrow passage or defile between nearly perpendicular rocks, through which runs a stream. c. U.S. slang. to go or be up the flume: to ‘come to grief’, ‘be done for’; to die. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] forsweltc888 sweltc888 adeadeOE deadc950 wendeOE i-wite971 starveOE witea1000 forfereOE forthfareOE forworthc1000 to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE queleOE fallOE to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE to shed (one's own) blood?a1100 diec1135 endc1175 farec1175 to give up the ghostc1175 letc1200 aswelta1250 leavea1250 to-sweltc1275 to-worthc1275 to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290 finea1300 spilla1300 part?1316 to leese one's life-daysa1325 to nim the way of deathc1325 to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330 flit1340 trance1340 determinec1374 disperisha1382 to go the way of all the eartha1382 to be gathered to one's fathers1382 miscarryc1387 shut1390 goa1393 to die upa1400 expirea1400 fleea1400 to pass awaya1400 to seek out of lifea1400–50 to sye hethena1400 tinea1400 trespass14.. espirec1430 to end one's days?a1439 decease1439 to go away?a1450 ungoc1450 unlivec1450 to change one's lifea1470 vade1495 depart1501 to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513 to decease this world1515 to go over?1520 jet1530 vade1530 to go westa1532 to pick over the perch1532 galpa1535 to die the death1535 to depart to God1548 to go home1561 mort1568 inlaikc1575 shuffle1576 finish1578 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 relent1587 unbreathe1589 transpass1592 to lose one's breath1596 to make a die (of it)1611 to go offa1616 fail1623 to go out1635 to peak over the percha1641 exita1652 drop1654 to knock offa1657 to kick upa1658 to pay nature her due1657 ghost1666 to march off1693 to die off1697 pike1697 to drop off1699 tip (over) the perch1699 to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703 sink1718 vent1718 to launch into eternity1719 to join the majority1721 demise1727 to pack off1735 to slip one's cable1751 turf1763 to move off1764 to pop off the hooks1764 to hop off1797 to pass on1805 to go to glory1814 sough1816 to hand in one's accounts1817 to slip one's breatha1819 croak1819 to slip one's wind1819 stiffen1820 weed1824 buy1825 to drop short1826 to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839 to get one's (also the) call1839 to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840 to unreeve one's lifeline1840 to step out1844 to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845 to hand in one's checks1845 to go off the handle1848 to go under1848 succumb1849 to turn one's toes up1851 to peg out1852 walk1858 snuff1864 to go or be up the flume1865 to pass outc1867 to cash in one's chips1870 to go (also pass over) to the majority1883 to cash in1884 to cop it1884 snuff1885 to belly up1886 perch1886 to kick the bucket1889 off1890 to knock over1892 to pass over1897 to stop one1901 to pass in1904 to hand in one's marble1911 the silver cord is loosed1911 pip1913 to cross over1915 conk1917 to check out1921 to kick off1921 to pack up1925 to step off1926 to take the ferry1928 peg1931 to meet one's Maker1933 to kiss off1935 to crease it1959 zonk1968 cark1977 to cark it1979 to take a dirt nap1981 the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > come to grief misfareOE miswendOE misferec1275 misspeeda1387 miscarryc1387 mischieve?a1400 to catch copper1530 to lose one's seatc1540 mischief1598 to bu(r)st one's boiler1824 to come to grief1850 to come (also go) a mucker1851 to come (fall, get) a cropper1858 mucker1862 to go or be up the flume1865 to come undone1899 to play smash1903 to come to a sticky end1904 to come unstuck1911 1865 Eastern Slope (Washoe, Nevada) 23 Dec. 3/1 The great Stockholder..has in the classic language of the mines, ‘gone up the flume’. 1882 ‘M. Twain’ Stolen White Elephant 97 Well, then, that idea's up the flume. 1888 Longman's Mag. XIII. 48 It's no good wishing—he's gone up the flume. Compounds flume-water; flume-car n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 350/1 Flume car, a car to travel in a flume; wheels rest on the sides of the flume and the water runs a paddle wheel. 1897 B. Harraden Hilda Strafford 59 I wish I hadn't filled up my reservoir so full with flume-water. Draft additions 1993 a. esp. (in Forestry), for the transport of logs or timber. Cf. log flume n. (a) at log n.¹ Additions. ΚΠ 1748 Duxbury (Mass.) Rec. (1893) 292 Isaac Partridge being obliged to make and maintain a good floom for term of Twenty years next coming, for the stream to pass through. 1894 J. Nisbet Brown's Forester (ed. 6) II. xi. 250 In California, throughout the Rocky Mountain tracts, enormous quantities of timber are conveyed for immense distances in flumes worked by water power. 1976 S. Conway Logging Pract. xvii. 337 There are some other types of log transportation, such as the chute and the flume, which are no longer or very little used... In a flume, a log rides a sheet of water at speeds up to 100 miles per hour. b. A water-chute used as a ride at a fairground or amusement park; a water-slide. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > place of amusement or entertainment > fairground or amusement park > [noun] > fairground ride > other rides wiggle-waggle1825 helter-skelter lighthouse1906 cakewalk1908 flip-flap1908 ghost train1931 tunnel of love1954 log flume1963 razzle1969 flume1978 1972 New Society 16 Nov. 395/2 The 40-acre fantasy of big dipper rides, log flumes and big wheels.] 1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. 6 b/1 There's a flume ride, motorcycle racing course,..Western streets and more. 1985 Punch 16 Oct. 97/1 The ‘Wild Waters’ flume at Richmond-upon-Thames, where rapid transit through a giant convoluted colon into a splashy receptacle may be enjoyed several times over in a 40-minutes session for £2.50. The flume..is a closed waterslide. 1989 Holiday Which? Sept. 162/3 Supervision is particularly important at pools with slides and flumes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022). flumev. Brit. /fluːm/, U.S. /flum/ Etymology: < flume n. 1. intransitive. To build a flume or artificial channel for a watercourse. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > conducting of water, etc., by channels or pipes > plumbing and pipework > [verb (transitive)] > supply with channels or pipes pipe1805 flume1855 bypass1886 stand-pipe1895 1855 in H. Clarke New Dict. Eng. Lang. 1883 R. F. Burton & V. F. Cameron To Gold Coast II. xvi. 116 The hydraulic system of sluicing and fluming. 2. transitive. To convey (or bring in) down a flume. ΚΠ 1875 I. L. Bird Hawaiian Archipel. viii. 119 The cane is being flumed in with great rapidity. 3. (See quot. 1876.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [verb (transitive)] > lead or extend a watercourse or channel > divert stream > in spec way trench1598 flume1876 1876 Whitney in Encycl. Brit. IV. 701 The rivers..were ‘flumed’—that is, the water was taken out of the natural channel by means of wooden flumes. Derivatives ˈfluming n. also concrete = material composing a flume. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > conducting of water, etc., by channels or pipes > plumbing and pipework > [noun] > laying or building pipes or channels pipage1612 pipe-laying1823 fluming1851 pipe fitting1858 pipelay1974 society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [noun] > building-material > for specific constructions wharfing1691 fluming1851 weiring1901 1851 San Francisco Picayune 23 Sept. 2/5 There is another fluming company..that will commence operations this week. 1870 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1869 2 372 [The oldest drifts] can only be worked by bringing water to bear on them by a system of ‘fluming’. 1879 R. J. Atcherley Trip to Boërland 173 The unsightly fluming and other erections which continually meet the eye. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1175v.1851
随便看	transmittant transmitted transmitter transmitter-receiver transmitterreceiver transmitters transmitting transmitting station transmodify transmogrification transmogrifications transmogrified transmogrifier transmogrifies transmogrify transmogrifying transmongolian transmontane transmontane star transmontanian transmorphism transmortal transmosan transmould transmount

flumen.

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

flumev.

Derivatives