annealingn.

Brit.

/əˈniːlɪŋ/, U.S.

/əˈni(ə)lɪŋ/

Forms: see anneal v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: anneal v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < anneal v. + -ing suffix¹.

1. The process of exposing a material to the action of fire, esp. in order to harden it; firing, vitrifying. Now rare.Passing into sense 3; cf. anneal v. 2a and see note at that sense.

The exact sense of quot. 1399 is unclear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [noun]

annealing1399

firinga1550

assation1605

flammation1646

1399 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 19 Item ij ‘patell’ pro enelyng.

1478 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1478 §31. m. 3 True, seasonable and sufficient making, whityng and anelyng of tile..otherwyse called thak tyle, roof tile [etc.].

1638 R. Bolton Iustice of Peace for Ireland i. lxvii. 268 To search and examine the digging, casting, turning, parting, making, whiting and anealing [of Tyle] aforesaid.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Annealing of tile is used in antient statutes for the burning of tile.

2019 D. Sicker et al. Nat. Products iii. 196 By an ingenious annealing of clay, Glauber's salt, soda, sulphur and resin or tar under the exclusion of air, ultramarine is formed.

2. The process of applying pigment or a design on or into glass, metal, etc., by the application of strong heat; enamelling. Cf. anneal v. 2b. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with coating or covering materials > [noun] > enamelling

enamellingc1449

annealinga1500

porcelain enamelling1849

brushing1893

porcelainizing1938

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > enamelling > [noun]

amelling1426

annealinga1500

enamelling1652

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > glass-colouring

annealinga1500

glass-colouring1875

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) l. 2813 Tyncture with anelynge of Glaciers.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cant. 97 Aneyling of Glass (which answereth to Dying in grain in Drapery)..is lost in our age.

1758 R. Dossie Handmaid to Arts I. Pref. p. xii The gilding enamel and glass by vitreous colours, and annealing, was a necessary appendage to the art of painting in enamel.

2010 B. Thomas in M. Hunter Printed Images Early Mod. Brit. xiv. 281 He [sc. John Evelyn] had some plans to publish treatises on etching and engraving, painting in oil, painting in miniature, annealing in glass, enamelling, and marbled paper.

3. The process of subjecting metal, glass, etc., to heating and (typically slow) cooling in order to remove internal stresses and reduce brittleness. Cf. anneal v. 2c. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with glass > [noun] > specific processes

annealing1662

snip-work1703

founding1783

glass-blowing1829

nibbling1850

lamp-working1925

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing

hardening?c1425

nealing1612

tempering1661

annealing1662

seasoning1731

lighting1831

anneal1868

1662 C. Merrett tr. A. Neri Art of Glass 248 Unless by a stumble in the way he chance to break this ware, then most brittle and tender, nay, that will break of it's self without this annealing.

1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 185 Its Recoction or Annealing deprives it [sc. Steel] of this Brittleness.

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 237 Glass utensils require to be gradually cooled in an oven; this..is called annealing, and is necessary to prevent their breaking by change of temperature.

1836 J. H. Newman et al. Lyra Apost. 65 Lest our frail hearts in the annealing break.

1935 M. A. Grossmann Princ. Heat Treatm. viii. 113 Subcritical annealing will not induce as much softness as a full anneal.

2009 B. D. Cullity & C. D. Graham Introd. Magn. Materials (ed. 2) xiii. 456 The final annealing may be done in a decarburizing atmosphere to lower the carbon content.

4. Molecular Biology. The formation of double-stranded nucleic acid from single-stranded DNA or RNA. Cf. anneal v. 4.

ΚΠ

1961 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 47 149 Annealing changed the agents responsible for double transformations.

1983 J. R. S. Fincham Genetics xi. 281 Circularization takes place through the annealing of the complementary single-stranded tails.

2007 N. A. Johnson Darwinian Detectives vii. 109 Annealing is dependent on the length of the DNA; short pieces anneal faster than longer ones.

Compounds

General use as a modifier, chiefly with the sense ‘used for annealing’, as annealing furnace, annealing oven, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [adjective] > other specific processes

annealing1469

bituminizing1849

batch1958

double dip1971

1469 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1952) 179 (MED) For brike and other necessaries for making the anelyng herth.

1556 J. Withals Short Dict. (new ed.) sig. Kii^v The anelyng place, where Pottes or other Vesselles bee aneled.

1699 tr. H. de Blancourt Art of Glass cxix. 181 Set it in a Glass-house Furnace for three Days, and after in the Annealing Furnace twelve Hours.

1832 G. R. Porter Manuf. Glass 173 A boy conveys it without loss of time to the annealing oven.

1864 R. D. Blackmore Clara Vaughan I. i. vii. 61 From the fine temper of the metal, or some annealing process.

c1943 Everyday Things & their Story 18/2 The finished articles are placed in an annealing furnace..immediately they are made.

1996 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 10730/2 Before each annealing reaction, the DNA-containing sample was incubated at 95°C for 5 min.

2008 U. McGovern Lost Crafts (2009) 375 Once the object was made, it was cooled in an annealing oven—if glass is cooled too quickly it breaks.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).

单词	annealing
释义	annealingn. Brit. /əˈniːlɪŋ/, U.S. /əˈni(ə)lɪŋ/ Forms: see anneal v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: anneal v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < anneal v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. The process of exposing a material to the action of fire, esp. in order to harden it; firing, vitrifying. Now rare.Passing into sense 3; cf. anneal v. 2a and see note at that sense. The exact sense of quot. 1399 is unclear. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [noun] annealing1399 firinga1550 assation1605 flammation1646 1399 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 19 Item ij ‘patell’ pro enelyng. 1478 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1478 §31. m. 3 True, seasonable and sufficient making, whityng and anelyng of tile..otherwyse called thak tyle, roof tile [etc.]. 1638 R. Bolton Iustice of Peace for Ireland i. lxvii. 268 To search and examine the digging, casting, turning, parting, making, whiting and anealing [of Tyle] aforesaid. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Annealing of tile is used in antient statutes for the burning of tile. 2019 D. Sicker et al. Nat. Products iii. 196 By an ingenious annealing of clay, Glauber's salt, soda, sulphur and resin or tar under the exclusion of air, ultramarine is formed. 2. The process of applying pigment or a design on or into glass, metal, etc., by the application of strong heat; enamelling. Cf. anneal v. 2b. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with coating or covering materials > [noun] > enamelling enamellingc1449 annealinga1500 porcelain enamelling1849 brushing1893 porcelainizing1938 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > enamelling > [noun] amelling1426 annealinga1500 enamelling1652 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > glass-colouring annealinga1500 glass-colouring1875 a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) l. 2813 Tyncture with anelynge of Glaciers. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cant. 97 Aneyling of Glass (which answereth to Dying in grain in Drapery)..is lost in our age. 1758 R. Dossie Handmaid to Arts I. Pref. p. xii The gilding enamel and glass by vitreous colours, and annealing, was a necessary appendage to the art of painting in enamel. 2010 B. Thomas in M. Hunter Printed Images Early Mod. Brit. xiv. 281 He [sc. John Evelyn] had some plans to publish treatises on etching and engraving, painting in oil, painting in miniature, annealing in glass, enamelling, and marbled paper. 3. The process of subjecting metal, glass, etc., to heating and (typically slow) cooling in order to remove internal stresses and reduce brittleness. Cf. anneal v. 2c. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with glass > [noun] > specific processes annealing1662 snip-work1703 founding1783 glass-blowing1829 nibbling1850 lamp-working1925 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing hardening?c1425 nealing1612 tempering1661 annealing1662 seasoning1731 lighting1831 anneal1868 1662 C. Merrett tr. A. Neri Art of Glass 248 Unless by a stumble in the way he chance to break this ware, then most brittle and tender, nay, that will break of it's self without this annealing. 1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 185 Its Recoction or Annealing deprives it [sc. Steel] of this Brittleness. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 237 Glass utensils require to be gradually cooled in an oven; this..is called annealing, and is necessary to prevent their breaking by change of temperature. 1836 J. H. Newman et al. Lyra Apost. 65 Lest our frail hearts in the annealing break. 1935 M. A. Grossmann Princ. Heat Treatm. viii. 113 Subcritical annealing will not induce as much softness as a full anneal. 2009 B. D. Cullity & C. D. Graham Introd. Magn. Materials (ed. 2) xiii. 456 The final annealing may be done in a decarburizing atmosphere to lower the carbon content. 4. Molecular Biology. The formation of double-stranded nucleic acid from single-stranded DNA or RNA. Cf. anneal v. 4. ΚΠ 1961 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 47 149 Annealing changed the agents responsible for double transformations. 1983 J. R. S. Fincham Genetics xi. 281 Circularization takes place through the annealing of the complementary single-stranded tails. 2007 N. A. Johnson Darwinian Detectives vii. 109 Annealing is dependent on the length of the DNA; short pieces anneal faster than longer ones. Compounds General use as a modifier, chiefly with the sense ‘used for annealing’, as annealing furnace, annealing oven, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [adjective] > other specific processes annealing1469 bituminizing1849 batch1958 double dip1971 1469 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1952) 179 (MED) For brike and other necessaries for making the anelyng herth. 1556 J. Withals Short Dict. (new ed.) sig. Kii^v The anelyng place, where Pottes or other Vesselles bee aneled. 1699 tr. H. de Blancourt Art of Glass cxix. 181 Set it in a Glass-house Furnace for three Days, and after in the Annealing Furnace twelve Hours. 1832 G. R. Porter Manuf. Glass 173 A boy conveys it without loss of time to the annealing oven. 1864 R. D. Blackmore Clara Vaughan I. i. vii. 61 From the fine temper of the metal, or some annealing process. c1943 Everyday Things & their Story 18/2 The finished articles are placed in an annealing furnace..immediately they are made. 1996 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 10730/2 Before each annealing reaction, the DNA-containing sample was incubated at 95°C for 5 min. 2008 U. McGovern Lost Crafts (2009) 375 Once the object was made, it was cooled in an annealing oven—if glass is cooled too quickly it breaks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). < n.1399
随便看	nonassimilable nonassistive nonassociated nonassociation nonassociative nonation nonatomic nonattached nonattachment nonattachments nonattendance nonattendances nonattendancy nonattendingly nonattention nonattributable nonattributably nonauditory nonautomatic nonavailabilities nonavailability nonavian nonaxiomatic nonazotized nonbacterial