fourteenadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌfɔːˈtiːn/,

/ˈfɔːtiːn/, U.S.

/ˌfɔrˈtin/,

/ˈfɔrˌtin/

Forms: early Old English feowertiene, early Old English feowertyno, Old English feouerteno (Northumbrian), Old English feowerteno (Northumbrian), Old English feowertyna (rare), Old English feowertynæ (rare), Old English fywertina (rare), Old English–early Middle English feowertene, Old English–early Middle English feowertine, Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) feowertyne, late Old English–1600s fourtene, early Middle English feortene, early Middle English feouwertene, early Middle English feowertune, Middle English faurten, Middle English feovertyne (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English ffortene, Middle English fforteyne, Middle English ffourtene, Middle English fortene, Middle English fourtiene, Middle English fowretene, Middle English fowrten, Middle English fowrtene, Middle English vourtene (southern and south-west midlands), Middle English–1600s foureten, Middle English–1600s fouretene, Middle English–1600s fowertene, Middle English–1700s fourten, 1500s–1600s foureteene, 1500s–1600s fourteene, 1500s– fourteen, 1600s vourteen (southern); N.E.D (1897) also records the forms early Middle English furten, Middle English fourtine; Scottish pre-1700 fortain, pre-1700 fortein, pre-1700 fouertin, pre-1700 fouretene, pre-1700 fourteine, pre-1700 fourtene, pre-1700 fourteyn, pre-1700 fourteyne, pre-1700 fourteynn, pre-1700 fovrtene, pre-1700 fowrtein, pre-1700 fowrteine, pre-1700 fowrtene, pre-1700 furtine, pre-1700 1700s fourtein, pre-1700 1700s fourten, pre-1700 1700s– fourteen, 1800s foorteen. Also represented by the numerical symbols 14, xiv, XIV.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian fiūwertēne (West Frisian fjirtjin ), Old Saxon fiuwartehan , fiertein (Middle Low German vērteyn ), Middle Dutch viertien (Dutch veertien ), Old High German fiorzehan (Middle High German vierzehen , German vierzehn ), Old Icelandic fiórtán , Old Swedish fiughurtan (Swedish fjorton ), Old Danish fiughærtæn , fiurtan (Danish fjorten ), Gothic fidwortaihun < the Germanic base of four adj. + the Germanic base of ten adj. (compare -teen comb. form).For the development of the second element in English see discussion at -teen comb. form.

The cardinal numeral composed of ten and four, represented by the symbols 14 or xiv.

A. adj.

a. With modified noun expressed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [adjective] > fourteen

fourteenc950

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. i. 17 From oferfaer babilones wið to crist cneuresua feower-teno.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5491 Aboute vourtene ȝer king þer after he nas.

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 6552 Omang alle þat þar has bene sene, I fynde wryten paynes fourtene.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxxi. 119 Whan this foureten persones were come to Crete the kyng made theym to be putte wythin the forsayd house.

c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 79 Fowertene yeares past.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xxv. 5 Fourteene sonnes.

1751 Affecting Narr. H.M.S. Wager 24 Our ill-fated Vessel struck abaft on a sunken Rock, in fourteen Fathom Water.

1894 C. W. Boase Registrum Collegii Exoniensis (new ed.) p. xxxii The fellowships were..tenable for rather less than fourteen years.

†b. (a) fourteen night (rarely fourteen day): a fortnight. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > a week > [noun] > specific number of weeks

fortnighta1000

(a) fourteen night (rarely fourteen day)a1000

tresemayns1545

a warp of weeks1599

week1680

two-week1900

a1000 Laws of Ine §55 Oþ-ðæt feowertyne niht ofer Eastron.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 123 Easter dei þe nu bið to dei on fowertene niht.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14093 Ah feowertene [c1300 Otho fourtene] niht fulle þere læi þa uerde.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 65/406 And fourtene niȝt þare-aftur-ward.

1477 Surtees Misc. (1888) 27 The purpressures come in this day xiiij day.

1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 39 Do this a fourten night and it shall auoyde.

1726 Lady Gower 15 Apr. in Compl. Lett. Lady M. W. Montagu (1966) II. 63 I've been confined this fourteenight to one flouir.

2. With ellipsis of the noun.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > fourteen > fourteen things, persons, etc.

fourteen1480

baker's dozen1785

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliv. 303 With other tounes fortresses and vyllages in to the nombre of fourtene.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. iii. 15 Ile lay fourteene of my teeth..shee's not fourteene.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. i. 14 I reduce them to fourteen in the recitation, for memory-sake.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 193 A tall gawky silly-looking boy of fourteen or fifteen.

†3. = fourteenth adj. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [adjective] > fourteen > fourteenth

fourteenthc900

fourteenc1300

c1300 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) App. xx. 261 In þe kinges fourteþe ȝere [v.r. fourtene ȝeer of þe kyng] hure sone henri com Of king dauid of scotlond.

c1430 Freemasonry 245 The fourtene artycul..Scheweth the mayster how he schal don.

1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1567) 35 a The fowertene of Julie.

B. n.

1. The abstract number fourteen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > fourteen

fourteenc1050

c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 302 Twia seofon beoð feowertyne.

†2. A fourteen shilling piece: see Compounds. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of fourteen shillings

fourteen1692

1692 ‘J. Curate’ Sc. Presbyterian Eloquence iii. 108 The Preacher seeing him in Church, took a Fourteen out of his Pocket.

3. plural. Candles fourteen to the pound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > candle(s) defined by price or weight

puttock1691

makeweight1695

long four1798

pigtail1824

long lady1847

fourteens1883

1883 Goole Weekly Times 14 Sept. 4/5 Dip Candles (Fourteens).

Compounds

fourteen-foot adj. fourteen feet in length.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [adjective] > two, etc., feet long or wide

bipedalc1420

footed1568

septipedal1606

twelve-footed1611

septempedal1656

two-foot1664

six-foot1681

fourteen-foot1890

two-foot-wide1891

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer I. xii. 195 A fourteen-foot whip in your hand.

fourteen-gun adj. (a vessel) carrying fourteen guns.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [adjective] > having specific number of guns

fourteen-gun1862

1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iii. xvii. 400 A fourteen-gun schooner..some boats, and forty men constituted the authority.

† fourteen-shilling piece n. Obsolete the Scottish ‘merk’ (see quot. 1695).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > Scottish coins > [noun] > silver coins

mark1379

noble1417

yokindale1536

Douglas groat1554

James Royal1567

leg1687

fourteen-shilling piece1695

thirteen-pence-halfpenny piece1723

spurred groata1773

sword dollar1825

1695 Act Privy Council Scotl. in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Rec. Coinage Scotl. (1876) II. 252 The value of thretteen shilling four pennies was never put upon the merk peice after they were raised to fourteen shilling, neither were they tearmed therafter merk peices but fourteen shilling peices.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fourteen
释义	fourteenadj.n. Brit. /ˌfɔːˈtiːn/, /ˈfɔːtiːn/, U.S. /ˌfɔrˈtin/, /ˈfɔrˌtin/ Forms: early Old English feowertiene, early Old English feowertyno, Old English feouerteno (Northumbrian), Old English feowerteno (Northumbrian), Old English feowertyna (rare), Old English feowertynæ (rare), Old English fywertina (rare), Old English–early Middle English feowertene, Old English–early Middle English feowertine, Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) feowertyne, late Old English–1600s fourtene, early Middle English feortene, early Middle English feouwertene, early Middle English feowertune, Middle English faurten, Middle English feovertyne (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English ffortene, Middle English fforteyne, Middle English ffourtene, Middle English fortene, Middle English fourtiene, Middle English fowretene, Middle English fowrten, Middle English fowrtene, Middle English vourtene (southern and south-west midlands), Middle English–1600s foureten, Middle English–1600s fouretene, Middle English–1600s fowertene, Middle English–1700s fourten, 1500s–1600s foureteene, 1500s–1600s fourteene, 1500s– fourteen, 1600s vourteen (southern); N.E.D (1897) also records the forms early Middle English furten, Middle English fourtine; Scottish pre-1700 fortain, pre-1700 fortein, pre-1700 fouertin, pre-1700 fouretene, pre-1700 fourteine, pre-1700 fourtene, pre-1700 fourteyn, pre-1700 fourteyne, pre-1700 fourteynn, pre-1700 fovrtene, pre-1700 fowrtein, pre-1700 fowrteine, pre-1700 fowrtene, pre-1700 furtine, pre-1700 1700s fourtein, pre-1700 1700s fourten, pre-1700 1700s– fourteen, 1800s foorteen. Also represented by the numerical symbols 14, xiv, XIV. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian fiūwertēne (West Frisian fjirtjin ), Old Saxon fiuwartehan , fiertein (Middle Low German vērteyn ), Middle Dutch viertien (Dutch veertien ), Old High German fiorzehan (Middle High German vierzehen , German vierzehn ), Old Icelandic fiórtán , Old Swedish fiughurtan (Swedish fjorton ), Old Danish fiughærtæn , fiurtan (Danish fjorten ), Gothic fidwortaihun < the Germanic base of four adj. + the Germanic base of ten adj. (compare -teen comb. form).For the development of the second element in English see discussion at -teen comb. form. The cardinal numeral composed of ten and four, represented by the symbols 14 or xiv. A. adj. 1. a. With modified noun expressed. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [adjective] > fourteen fourteenc950 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. i. 17 From oferfaer babilones wið to crist cneuresua feower-teno. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5491 Aboute vourtene ȝer king þer after he nas. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 6552 Omang alle þat þar has bene sene, I fynde wryten paynes fourtene. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxxi. 119 Whan this foureten persones were come to Crete the kyng made theym to be putte wythin the forsayd house. c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 79 Fowertene yeares past. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xxv. 5 Fourteene sonnes. View more context for this quotation 1751 Affecting Narr. H.M.S. Wager 24 Our ill-fated Vessel struck abaft on a sunken Rock, in fourteen Fathom Water. 1894 C. W. Boase Registrum Collegii Exoniensis (new ed.) p. xxxii The fellowships were..tenable for rather less than fourteen years. †b. (a) fourteen night (rarely fourteen day): a fortnight. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > a week > [noun] > specific number of weeks fortnighta1000 (a) fourteen night (rarely fourteen day)a1000 tresemayns1545 a warp of weeks1599 week1680 two-week1900 a1000 Laws of Ine §55 Oþ-ðæt feowertyne niht ofer Eastron. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 123 Easter dei þe nu bið to dei on fowertene niht. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14093 Ah feowertene [c1300 Otho fourtene] niht fulle þere læi þa uerde. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 65/406 And fourtene niȝt þare-aftur-ward. 1477 Surtees Misc. (1888) 27 The purpressures come in this day xiiij day. 1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 39 Do this a fourten night and it shall auoyde. 1726 Lady Gower 15 Apr. in Compl. Lett. Lady M. W. Montagu (1966) II. 63 I've been confined this fourteenight to one flouir. 2. With ellipsis of the noun. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > fourteen > fourteen things, persons, etc. fourteen1480 baker's dozen1785 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliv. 303 With other tounes fortresses and vyllages in to the nombre of fourtene. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. iii. 15 Ile lay fourteene of my teeth..shee's not fourteene. View more context for this quotation 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. i. 14 I reduce them to fourteen in the recitation, for memory-sake. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 193 A tall gawky silly-looking boy of fourteen or fifteen. †3. = fourteenth adj. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [adjective] > fourteen > fourteenth fourteenthc900 fourteenc1300 c1300 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) App. xx. 261 In þe kinges fourteþe ȝere [v.r. fourtene ȝeer of þe kyng] hure sone henri com Of king dauid of scotlond. c1430 Freemasonry 245 The fourtene artycul..Scheweth the mayster how he schal don. 1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1567) 35 a The fowertene of Julie. B. n. 1. The abstract number fourteen. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > fourteen fourteenc1050 c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 302 Twia seofon beoð feowertyne. †2. A fourteen shilling piece: see Compounds. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of fourteen shillings fourteen1692 1692 ‘J. Curate’ Sc. Presbyterian Eloquence iii. 108 The Preacher seeing him in Church, took a Fourteen out of his Pocket. 3. plural. Candles fourteen to the pound. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > candle(s) defined by price or weight puttock1691 makeweight1695 long four1798 pigtail1824 long lady1847 fourteens1883 1883 Goole Weekly Times 14 Sept. 4/5 Dip Candles (Fourteens). Compounds fourteen-foot adj. fourteen feet in length. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [adjective] > two, etc., feet long or wide bipedalc1420 footed1568 septipedal1606 twelve-footed1611 septempedal1656 two-foot1664 six-foot1681 fourteen-foot1890 two-foot-wide1891 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer I. xii. 195 A fourteen-foot whip in your hand. fourteen-gun adj. (a vessel) carrying fourteen guns. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [adjective] > having specific number of guns fourteen-gun1862 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iii. xvii. 400 A fourteen-gun schooner..some boats, and forty men constituted the authority. † fourteen-shilling piece n. Obsolete the Scottish ‘merk’ (see quot. 1695). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > Scottish coins > [noun] > silver coins mark1379 noble1417 yokindale1536 Douglas groat1554 James Royal1567 leg1687 fourteen-shilling piece1695 thirteen-pence-halfpenny piece1723 spurred groata1773 sword dollar1825 1695 Act Privy Council Scotl. in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Rec. Coinage Scotl. (1876) II. 252 The value of thretteen shilling four pennies was never put upon the merk peice after they were raised to fourteen shilling, neither were they tearmed therafter merk peices but fourteen shilling peices. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c950
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