gangern.¹

Brit.

/ˈɡaŋə/, U.S.

/ˈɡæŋər/, Scottish English

/ˈɡaŋər/

Forms: see gang v.¹ and -er suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: gang v.¹, -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < gang v.¹ + -er suffix¹. Compare Dutch ganger, German gänger, Old Icelandic gangari, Old Swedish gangare (Swedish gångere), Old Danish gonger (Danish ganger).The existence of Old English *gangere is claimed by Somner (see quot. below), but the word has not been traced to any surviving Old English source, and its appearance in Somner's dictionary perhaps ultimately rests on a misinterpretation of (rare) Old English ganghere infantry ( < gang n. + here n.¹):1659 W. Somner Dict. Saxonico-Latino-Anglicum sig. P2^v/3 Gangere, Pedester, a footman. With the name of Rolf the Ganger (see note at sense 1) compare Danish Rolf Ganger (also Gangerrolf ) (early 19th cent. or earlier), a rendering of Old Icelandic Gǫngu-Hrólfr (in which gǫngu is the genitive of ganga walking, course: see gang n.). Uses of Old Icelandic gangari , Old Swedish gangare (Swedish gångere ), Old Danish gonger (Danish ganger ) in the specific sense ‘steed, palfrey’ (common in medieval Scandinavian romances and ballads) were probably suggested by post-classical Latin gradarius (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources in this sense; compare classical Latin equus gradārius walking horse) or ambulator (from 9th cent. in this sense; compare ambulator n.), and are thus different in origin and meaning from sense 2.

Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern) except in historical use.

1. A person who goes or travels on foot; a traveller. Rolf the Ganger: (an epithet for) a Norseman traditionally identified with Rollo (c846–931), founder and first ruler (as Robert I) of the Viking principality in what became known as Normandy, who was said to be too heavy to ride a horse.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > [noun] > one going on foot

foota1225

footmana1382

walkerc1390

footera1425

ganger1424

trampler1580

foot folk1583

marcher1589

leg-stretcher1612

foot traveller1631

pedestrian1641

ambulator1652

foot walker1751

turnpiker1812

foot passenger1832

ped1863

voetganger1902

jaywalker1917

stepper1934

foot-slogger1956

1424 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 6/2 That thar be ordanyt hostilaris and resette haifande stabillis and chawmeris to ridaris and gangaris.

1613 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1852) V. 217 It is decernit that all cotteris and croftis men..sall pey to the gangaris for the myll stain..xij d.

1808 W. Watson Poems 55 I thought, tho' I be nae great ganger, My step grew twa three inches langer.

1851 C. M. Yonge Cameos vii, in Monthly Packet July 28 Rolf, called the ganger or walker, as tradition relates, because his stature was so gigantic..he therefore always fought on foot.

1883 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 539 But Rolf the Ganger's battle-shriek Calm Romsdal hears no more. Long ages now beneath the soil The Ganger has been lying.

1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 143 A quick ganger o' eerands.

1927 V. Jacob Northern Lights 31 But the blythest gangers step aye their lane.

1980 K. Crossley-Holland Norse Myths Introd. p. xvi The Norsemen cut such a dash as gangers and, indeed, gangsters that it would be easy to get them out of focus.

2002 L. Abrams in C. Harper-Bill & E. Van Houts Compan. to Anglo-Norman World iii. 55 The founder of Normandy in West Norse tradition, for example, was ‘Rolf the Ganger’, son of Rognvald, earl of More, and therefore a Norwegian.

†2. A fast horse. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [noun] > swift horse

courserc1300

stirring horse1477

runnera1500

stirrer1570

spanker1814

ganger1817

ginger1825

clipper1836

traveller1889

speeler1893

pelter1899

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xiv. 305 It's a weel-kenn'd ganger; they ca' it Souple Tam.

1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. Ganger, a goer, usually, if not exclusively, applied to a horse.

Compounds

† ganger-before n. Obsolete a guide.

ΚΠ

1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Anteambulo,..a ganger before: a convoyer.

† ganger-between n. Obsolete a mediator.

ΚΠ

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 53^v A ganger betwen, mediator.

Phrases

comers and gangers: comers and goers, visitors (now rare).

ΚΠ

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 136 Prestre Iohn hase ilk a day in his courte etand ma þan xxx^m of folke, withouten commers and gangers.

1590 in C. Innes Black Bk. Taymouth (1855) 303 The laird and ladie present,..with sindrie uther cumeris and gangeris.

a1810 R. Tannahill Poems & Songs Sc. Dial. (1817) 204 The comers were cheery, the gangers were blearie.

1916 Living Age 11 Mar. 657 ‘We's o' comers and gangers,’ he replied. ‘There's new faces coming to take the place of the old ones.’

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gangern.²

Brit.

/ˈɡaŋə/, U.S.

/ˈɡæŋər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: gang n., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < gang n. + -er suffix¹. Compare gang v.²

A person who oversees (and sometimes also assembles) a gang of workers; = gangsman n. 2. Also: a member of a work-gang.In quot. 1836: the leader of a gang of poachers.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman

stewarda1400

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

overlookera1513

workmaster1525

supervisora1529

foreman1574

superintendent1575

overman1606

headman1725

overseer1766

gang leader1775

hagmaster1797

maistry1798

gangsman1803

kangany1817

capataz1826

gangman1830

ganger1836

gaffer1841

gang boss1863

ramrod1881

charge-man1885

mandor1885

captain1886

overganger1887

ephor1890

pusher1901

gangster1913

line manager1960

1836 Leicester Chron. 1 Oct. 2/1 A List of Belgrave Poachers. First Rank. Ganger..2d ganger..netman..to carry game.

1849 A. R. Smith Pottleton Legacy 15 His companion..was known in the village as ‘The Ganger’..a sort of sub-contractor for the works..collecting his own men and paying them.

1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 II. xxi. 409 A ganger, or head navvy..is placed over hundreds of men.

1886 Daily News 28 Dec. 7/2 J. K., a ganger platelayer, deposed to finding the deceased's body.

1938 ‘N. Shute’ Kindling x. 197 They were taking on a ganger and ten men for labouring down at the yard.

1967 J. B. Keane Lett. of Successful TD i, in Celebrated Lett. (1996) 10 When I was your age, I worked for two and fourpence a day as a ganger in the quarries.

2004 Independent 23 June (Property section) 5/3 Then I became a bricklayer, then a ganger with 40 trowels working for me.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gangern.³

Brit.

/ˈɡaŋə/, U.S.

/ˈɡæŋər/

Origin: Probably formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: foreganger n.

Etymology: Probably shortened < foreganger n. Compare ganger n.¹

Nautical.

One or more lengths of cable shackled to a sheet anchor. Cf. foreganger n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > anchoring equipment > [noun] > anchor rope or cable > formed of chain > lengths of chain shackled to sheet anchor

ganger1853

1853 Encycl. Brit. III. 116/2 When hempen cables are used in her Majesty's service, one length of bower chain cable called a ganger, is bent to the spare anchor, and the hempen cable united with Admiral Elliott's shackle.

1860 A. H. Alston Seamanship 292 When they get hold of the hawser on board, it is bent to the end of the sheet cable (the ganger being unshackled).

1907 W. Henderson Seamanship ix. 220 When the sheet anchor is required a wire hawser is shackled to the ganger.

1954 Mariner's Mirror 40 239 The ganger..was a piece of chain cable bent to the sheet anchor and long enough to reach within the hawsehole.

1997 R. Woodman Hist. of Ship ii. 33 This anchor with its chain ganger and crown ring..argues in favour of a comprehensive understanding of seamanship.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† gangerv.

Forms: 1600s gangred (past participle), 1600s–1700s ganger.

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: gangrene v.

Etymology: Probably an alteration of gangrene v. after canker n. Compare Italian †gangrire to become gangrenous (1611 in Florio). Compare also English regional (Surrey) ganger canker, gangrene, fester, venom (19th cent.).

Obsolete.

intransitive. To become gangrenous.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > of tissue: become diseased [verb (intransitive)] > become affected by necrosis

gangrenize1598

mortify1603

gangrene1614

ganger1624

gangrenate1631

sphacelate1684

necrose1823

necrotize1906

1624 J. Donne Deuotions xi. 293 We haue heard of death, vpon small occasions, and by scornefull instruments; a pinne, a combe, a haire, pulled, hath gangred, & killd.

1696 A. de la Pryme Diary 10 July (1870) i. 102 An ape..bit his hand, which bite he slighting, it ganger'd and kill'd him.

?c1700 in J. M'Alpie Certain Curious Poems (1828) 2 They..Most be cutt off like corrupt member, Least y^t the body all should ganger.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Wound When the Parts Ganger, you must make use of the Spirit of Motherwort.

1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep i. vii. 92 Some Blood is apt to settle in the wounded Part of the Cod, and there corrupt and ganger.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.¹1424

n.²1836

n.³1853

v.1624

单词	ganger
释义	gangern.¹ Brit. /ˈɡaŋə/, U.S. /ˈɡæŋər/, Scottish English /ˈɡaŋər/ Forms: see gang v.¹ and -er suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: gang v.¹, -er suffix¹. Etymology: < gang v.¹ + -er suffix¹. Compare Dutch ganger, German gänger, Old Icelandic gangari, Old Swedish gangare (Swedish gångere), Old Danish gonger (Danish ganger).The existence of Old English gangere is claimed by Somner (see quot. below), but the word has not been traced to any surviving Old English source, and its appearance in Somner's dictionary perhaps ultimately rests on a misinterpretation of (rare) Old English ganghere* infantry ( < gang n. + here n.¹):1659 W. Somner Dict. Saxonico-Latino-Anglicum sig. P2^v/3 Gangere, Pedester, a footman. With the name of Rolf the Ganger (see note at sense 1) compare Danish Rolf Ganger (also Gangerrolf ) (early 19th cent. or earlier), a rendering of Old Icelandic Gǫngu-Hrólfr (in which gǫngu is the genitive of ganga walking, course: see gang n.). Uses of Old Icelandic gangari , Old Swedish gangare (Swedish gångere ), Old Danish gonger (Danish ganger ) in the specific sense ‘steed, palfrey’ (common in medieval Scandinavian romances and ballads) were probably suggested by post-classical Latin gradarius (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources in this sense; compare classical Latin equus gradārius walking horse) or ambulator (from 9th cent. in this sense; compare ambulator n.), and are thus different in origin and meaning from sense 2. Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern) except in historical use. 1. A person who goes or travels on foot; a traveller. Rolf the Ganger: (an epithet for) a Norseman traditionally identified with Rollo (c846–931), founder and first ruler (as Robert I) of the Viking principality in what became known as Normandy, who was said to be too heavy to ride a horse. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > [noun] > one going on foot foota1225 footmana1382 walkerc1390 footera1425 ganger1424 trampler1580 foot folk1583 marcher1589 leg-stretcher1612 foot traveller1631 pedestrian1641 ambulator1652 foot walker1751 turnpiker1812 foot passenger1832 ped1863 voetganger1902 jaywalker1917 stepper1934 foot-slogger1956 1424 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 6/2 That thar be ordanyt hostilaris and resette haifande stabillis and chawmeris to ridaris and gangaris. 1613 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1852) V. 217 It is decernit that all cotteris and croftis men..sall pey to the gangaris for the myll stain..xij d. 1808 W. Watson Poems 55 I thought, tho' I be nae great ganger, My step grew twa three inches langer. 1851 C. M. Yonge Cameos vii, in Monthly Packet July 28 Rolf, called the ganger or walker, as tradition relates, because his stature was so gigantic..he therefore always fought on foot. 1883 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 539 But Rolf the Ganger's battle-shriek Calm Romsdal hears no more. Long ages now beneath the soil The Ganger has been lying. 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 143 A quick ganger o' eerands. 1927 V. Jacob Northern Lights 31 But the blythest gangers step aye their lane. 1980 K. Crossley-Holland Norse Myths Introd. p. xvi The Norsemen cut such a dash as gangers and, indeed, gangsters that it would be easy to get them out of focus. 2002 L. Abrams in C. Harper-Bill & E. Van Houts Compan. to Anglo-Norman World iii. 55 The founder of Normandy in West Norse tradition, for example, was ‘Rolf the Ganger’, son of Rognvald, earl of More, and therefore a Norwegian. †2. A fast horse. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [noun] > swift horse courserc1300 stirring horse1477 runnera1500 stirrer1570 spanker1814 ganger1817 ginger1825 clipper1836 traveller1889 speeler1893 pelter1899 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xiv. 305 It's a weel-kenn'd ganger; they ca' it Souple Tam. 1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. Ganger, a goer, usually, if not exclusively, applied to a horse. Compounds † ganger-before n. Obsolete a guide. ΚΠ 1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Anteambulo,..a ganger before: a convoyer. † ganger-between n. Obsolete a mediator. ΚΠ ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 53^v A ganger betwen, mediator. Phrases comers and gangers: comers and goers, visitors (now rare). ΚΠ ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 136 Prestre Iohn hase ilk a day in his courte etand ma þan xxx^m of folke, withouten commers and gangers. 1590 in C. Innes Black Bk. Taymouth (1855) 303 The laird and ladie present,..with sindrie uther cumeris and gangeris. a1810 R. Tannahill Poems & Songs Sc. Dial. (1817) 204 The comers were cheery, the gangers were blearie. 1916 Living Age 11 Mar. 657 ‘We's o' comers and gangers,’ he replied. ‘There's new faces coming to take the place of the old ones.’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). gangern.² Brit. /ˈɡaŋə/, U.S. /ˈɡæŋər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: gang n., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < gang n. + -er suffix¹. Compare gang v.² A person who oversees (and sometimes also assembles) a gang of workers; = gangsman n. 2. Also: a member of a work-gang.In quot. 1836: the leader of a gang of poachers. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman stewarda1400 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 overlookera1513 workmaster1525 supervisora1529 foreman1574 superintendent1575 overman1606 headman1725 overseer1766 gang leader1775 hagmaster1797 maistry1798 gangsman1803 kangany1817 capataz1826 gangman1830 ganger1836 gaffer1841 gang boss1863 ramrod1881 charge-man1885 mandor1885 captain1886 overganger1887 ephor1890 pusher1901 gangster1913 line manager1960 1836 Leicester Chron. 1 Oct. 2/1 A List of Belgrave Poachers. First Rank. Ganger..2d ganger..netman..to carry game. 1849 A. R. Smith Pottleton Legacy 15 His companion..was known in the village as ‘The Ganger’..a sort of sub-contractor for the works..collecting his own men and paying them. 1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 II. xxi. 409 A ganger, or head navvy..is placed over hundreds of men. 1886 Daily News 28 Dec. 7/2 J. K., a ganger platelayer, deposed to finding the deceased's body. 1938 ‘N. Shute’ Kindling x. 197 They were taking on a ganger and ten men for labouring down at the yard. 1967 J. B. Keane Lett. of Successful TD i, in Celebrated Lett. (1996) 10 When I was your age, I worked for two and fourpence a day as a ganger in the quarries. 2004 Independent 23 June (Property section) 5/3 Then I became a bricklayer, then a ganger with 40 trowels working for me. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). gangern.³ Brit. /ˈɡaŋə/, U.S. /ˈɡæŋər/ Origin: Probably formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: foreganger n. Etymology: Probably shortened < foreganger n. Compare ganger n.¹ Nautical. One or more lengths of cable shackled to a sheet anchor. Cf. foreganger n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > anchoring equipment > [noun] > anchor rope or cable > formed of chain > lengths of chain shackled to sheet anchor ganger1853 1853 Encycl. Brit. III. 116/2 When hempen cables are used in her Majesty's service, one length of bower chain cable called a ganger, is bent to the spare anchor, and the hempen cable united with Admiral Elliott's shackle. 1860 A. H. Alston Seamanship 292 When they get hold of the hawser on board, it is bent to the end of the sheet cable (the ganger being unshackled). 1907 W. Henderson Seamanship ix. 220 When the sheet anchor is required a wire hawser is shackled to the ganger. 1954 Mariner's Mirror 40 239 The ganger..was a piece of chain cable bent to the sheet anchor and long enough to reach within the hawsehole. 1997 R. Woodman Hist. of Ship ii. 33 This anchor with its chain ganger and crown ring..argues in favour of a comprehensive understanding of seamanship. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † gangerv. Forms: 1600s gangred (past participle), 1600s–1700s ganger. Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: gangrene v. Etymology: Probably an alteration of gangrene v. after canker n. Compare Italian †gangrire to become gangrenous (1611 in Florio). Compare also English regional (Surrey) ganger canker, gangrene, fester, venom (19th cent.). Obsolete. intransitive. To become gangrenous. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > of tissue: become diseased [verb (intransitive)] > become affected by necrosis gangrenize1598 mortify1603 gangrene1614 ganger1624 gangrenate1631 sphacelate1684 necrose1823 necrotize1906 1624 J. Donne Deuotions xi. 293 We haue heard of death, vpon small occasions, and by scornefull instruments; a pinne, a combe, a haire, pulled, hath gangred, & killd. 1696 A. de la Pryme Diary 10 July (1870) i. 102 An ape..bit his hand, which bite he slighting, it ganger'd and kill'd him. ?c1700 in J. M'Alpie Certain Curious Poems (1828) 2 They..Most be cutt off like corrupt member, Least y^t the body all should ganger. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Wound When the Parts Ganger, you must make use of the Spirit of Motherwort. 1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep i. vii. 92 Some Blood is apt to settle in the wounded Part of the Cod, and there corrupt and ganger. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹1424n.²1836n.³1853v.1624
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gangern.1

Compounds

Phrases

gangern.2

gangern.3

† gangerv.

gangern.¹

gangern.²

gangern.³