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单词 gloom
释义

gloomn.1

Brit. /ɡluːm/, U.S. /ɡlum/
Forms: Also 1500s–1600s Scottish gloume, glowme, 1600s gloome.
Etymology: In sense 1 < gloom v.1; in senses 2, 3 perhaps back-formation < gloomy adj.; apparently unconnected with Old English glóm twilight (see gloaming n.). In the sense of ‘darkness’ the word may possibly be a new formation by Milton; it occurs 9 times in his poems, but our material contains no other examples earlier than the 18th cent.
1. (Only Scottish) A sullen look, frown, scowl. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > expression of ill humour > [noun] > frowning or scowling > a frown or scowl
loura1400
scowl?a1513
gloom1596
frown1608
glout1641
dirty look1928
stink eye1962
bitch face1969
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 462 Bosting the pane confirmet be the edict with a gloume inttollerable.
1629 Z. Boyd Last Battell Soule (new ed.) i. 4 Nowe Gods glowmes..make heart and soule to melt.
1636 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 184 I trust in God not to call His glooms unkind again.
1720 A. Ramsay Rise & Fall of Stocks 75 The miser hears him with a gloom, Girns like a brock and bites his thumb.
1803 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border (ed. 2) III. 16 But sick a gloom, on ae brow-head, Grant I ne'er see agane!
2.
a. An indefinite degree of darkness or obscurity, the result of night, clouds, deep shadow, etc. Sometimes plural.Originally poetic, and still somewhat rhetorical in use. By association with the figurative sense 3, the word has latterly tended to denote a painful or depressing darkness, though instances of the wider (Miltonic) use are not wanting in recent poetry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > [noun]
thicknessc1000
dusknessa1382
umbraclec1500
duskishness1541
sadness1601
duskiness1611
gloominess1611
opacity1611
gloom1645
shadowinessa1672
dusk1700
brown1729
gloaming1832
bat-light1871
dreich1928
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn vii, in Poems 5 Though the shady gloom Had given day her room, The Sun himself with-held his wonted speed.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 244 Is..this the seat That we must change for Heav'n, this mournful gloom For that celestial light? View more context for this quotation
1717 A. Pope Eloisa to Abelard in Wks. 419 Now warm in love, now with'ring in thy bloom, Lost in a convent's solitary gloom!
1730 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons 194 Thus Winter falls, A heavy gloom oppressive o'er the world.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 278 An hour..spent in parlour twilight; such a gloom Well suits the thoughtful..mind.
1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 258 He heard the tramp of hoofs, and, through the gloom of the overshadowing trees, imperfectly beheld a steed descending the avenue.
1855 R. Browning Childe Roland xix A sudden little river crossed my path..No sluggish tide congenial to the glooms.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. vi. 56 A gloom unbroken except by a lamp burning feebly here and there.
1882 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. x. 124 With a few steps he would have been lost in the gloom of the cathedral.
b. A deeply shaded or darkened place.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > [noun] > place
gloom1706
1706 J. Addison Rosamond i. ii Your Highness..Has chose the most convenient Gloom; There's not a Place in all the Park Has Trees so thick, and Shades so dark.
1747 W. Collins Odes 49 Thro' Glades and Glooms the mingled Measure stole.
1832 Ld. Tennyson Palace of Art vii, in Poems (new ed.) 71 Full of long sounding corridors it was That overvaulted grateful glooms.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiii. 32 Cometh on Taborine behind him, Attis, thoro' leafy glooms a guide.
†c. Twilight. [Possibly another word, connected with gloaming n.] Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > twilight, dusk, or nightfall
nighteOE
evengloamOE
eveningOE
gloamingc1000
darknessa1382
twilighting1387
crepusculum1398
crepusculec1400
darkc1400
twilight1412
sky1515
twinlightc1532
day-going?1552
cockshut1592
shutting1598
blind man's holiday1599
candle-lighting1605
gropsing1606
nightfall1612
dusk1622
torchlighta1656
candlelight1663
crepuscle1665
shut1667
mock-shade1669
close1696
duskish1696
glooma1699
setting1699
dimmit1746
to-fall of the day or night1748
darklins1767
even-close1781
mirkning1790
gloaming-shot1793
darkening1814
bat-flying time1818
gloama1821
between-light1821
settle1822
dayfall1823
evenfall1825
onfall1825
owl-hoot1832
glooming1842
darkfall1884
smokefall1936
dusk-light1937
a1699 A. Halkett Autobiogr. (1875) 10 He..had rod up and downe that part of the country only till itt was ye gloome of ye evening to have the more privacy in comming to see mee.
3. A state of melancholy or depression; a sad or despondent look. Also in plural fits of melancholy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun]
unlustOE
sorrowfulnessa1250
heavinessc1275
elengenessec1320
dullnessc1369
tristourc1380
murknessc1390
tristesse1390
faintness1398
ungladnessa1400
droopingc1400
heavity14..
dejectionc1450
terne?a1513
disconsolation1515
descence1526
marea1529
sadness?1537
dumpishness1548
unblessedness1549
dolorousness1553
ruefulness?1574
dolefulness1586
heartlessness1591
languishment1591
mopishness1598
soul-sickness1603
contristation1605
damp1606
gloominess1607
sableness1607
uncheerfulnessa1617
disconsolateness1624
cheerlessnessa1631
dejectedness1633
droopingness1635
disanimation1637
lowness1639
desponsion1641
disconsolacy1646
despondency1653
dispiritedness1654
chagrin1656
demission1656
jawfall1660
weightedness1660
depression1665
disconsolancy1665
grumness1675
despondence1676
despond1678
disheartenednessa1680
glumness1727
low1727
gloom1744
low-spiritedness1754
blue devils1756
black dog1776
humdudgeon1785
blue devilism1787
dispiritude1797
wishtnessc1800
downheartedness1801
blue-devilage1816
dispiritment1827
downcastness1827
depressiveness1832
dolorosity1835
lugubriosity1840
disconsolance1847
down1856
heavy-heartedness1860
lugubriousness1879
sullenness1885
low key1886
melancholia1896
burn-out1903
mokus1924
downness1927
mopiness1927
deflation1933
wallow1934
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > fit of
gloominga1400
dumpa1535
mubble fubbles1589
mulligrubs1599
mumps1599
mood1609
blues1741
mopes1742
gloom1744
humdrums1757
dismals1764
horror1768
mournfuls1794
doldrum1811
doleful1822
glumps1825
jim-jams1896
katzenjammer1897
the sniffles1903
mopery1907
joes1916
woofits1918
cafard1924
jimmies1928
the blahs1969
downer1970
1744 J. Harris Three Treat. iii. ii. 183 The Face of Nature, said he, will perhaps dispel these Glooms.
1773 Life N. Frowde 139 I recovered, and grew calm; but bore a settled Gloom in my Mind and Countenance.
1783 W. Thomson in R. Watson & W. Thomson Hist. Reign Philip III vi. 450 A comet..aggravated the general gloom; and the minds of men were agitated at once by the alarms of war, and a superstitious terror.
c1808 M. Lamb To Mrs. Hazlitt in T. N. Talfourd Final Mem. Lamb (1848) I. v. 160 Hazlitt..was a more useful one..when he dropt in after a fit of the glooms.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxii. 212 The uncertainty of the morrow cast a gloom upon him.
1842 R. H. Barham Misadventures Margate in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 151 The gloom upon your youthful cheek speaks anything but joy.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §8. 445 No outer triumph could break the gloom which gathered round the dying Queen.
1879 ‘G. Eliot’ College Breakfast Party in Macmillan's Mag. July 174 The sick morning glooms of debauchees.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
gloom-bird n.
ΚΠ
1820 J. Keats Hyperion: a Fragm. i, in Lamia & Other Poems 155 Or gloom-bird's hated screech.
gloom-gladdener n.
ΚΠ
1833 Blackwood's Mag. 34 961 Delicate thy harp-touch, our own Dora, the gloom-gladdener.
C2.
gloom-bound adj.
ΚΠ
1863 P. S. Worsley Poems & Transl. 18 Some gloom-bound cell Under the level of a stormy lake.
gloom-buried adj.
ΚΠ
1853 M. Arnold Mod. Sappho vii [He] Looks languidly round on a gloom-buried world.
gloom-enamoured adj.
ΚΠ
a1784 S. Johnson Parody Transl. Medea in H. L. Piozzi Anecd. Johnson (1786) 65 Where gloom-enamour'd Mischief loves to dwell.
gloom-laden adj.
ΚΠ
a1847 E. Cook Song Old Year iii Ye have murmur'd of late at my gloom-laden hours.
gloom-mongery n.
ΚΠ
1994 Sunday Times 6 Mar. (Business section) 14/6 Alarmism, hyperventilation and gloom-mongery!
gloom-roaming adj.
ΚΠ
1848 Secret Soc., Tribunals 373 Like the Nemesis, or the ‘gloom-roaming’ Erinnys, of antiquity.

Draft additions 1993

Colloquial phrase gloom and doom (also doom and gloom): (an expression of) pessimism or despondency about the future; a depressing prospect, esp. in political or financial affairs. Also used attributively to designate writing, etc., of a pessimistic nature. Originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > pessimism
pessimism1815
negativity1826
wet-blanketiveness1834
unsanguineness1841
nay-saying1893
gloom and doom1947
negaholism1989
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > pessimistic
unsanguine1728
pessimist1848
pessimistic1854
pessimistical1885
negative1895
gloom and doom1971
1947 Harburg & Saidy Finian's Rainbow i. ii. 32 Doom and gloom... D-o-o-m and gl-o-o-m!
1947 Harburg & Saidy Finian's Rainbow ii. iv. 131 I told you that gold could only bring you doom and gloom, gloom and doom.
1964 America 110 224/3 ‘Aha!’ said the new prophets of doom and gloom.., ‘there you are—obstruction, foot-dragging, dirty pool in committee!’
1971 Brit. Printer Dec. 47/2 His ‘doom and gloom’ story in the Yorkshire Post paid off.
1973 Advocate-News (Barbados) 25 Dec. 11/8 He doesn't notice a feeling among his Republican colleagues of ‘gloom and doom’ about their reelection chances.
1983 Times 8 Mar. 3/4 ‘Doom and gloom’ reports recently had been unwarranted.
1986 Scotsman 16 June 5 All is not gloom and doom at the Royal Scottish National Hospital.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gloomn.2

Forms: Also 1500s glome.
Etymology: Possibly, in spite of the chronological gap, representing Old English glóm , in its unrecorded primary sense: see gloaming n.
† hot gloom n. Obsolete excessive heat (of the sun). (Cf. gleam n. 1c.)
ΘΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [noun] > excessive heat > of the sun
hot gloom1577
1577 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Chron. 289 The sunne did shine with as hote a glome as in ye heate of summer.
1633 T. James Strange Voy. 77 We haue such hot gloomes, that we cannot endure in the Sunne.
1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry i. xv. 78 Hot glooms which mildew the corn.

Compounds

gloom-stove n. (also simply gloom) a variety of drying-oven used in the manufacture of gunpowder.
ΘΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for making other articles > [noun] > gunpowder-making equipment
mealing table1765
gloom-stove1839
slip1876
glazing-barrel1878
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 629 Gunpowder..dried..by radiation from red-hot iron, as in the gloom stove.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Gloom-stove, Formerly for drying powder..steam-pipes are now substituted.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

gloomv.1

Brit. /ɡluːm/, U.S. /ɡlum/
Forms: Middle English gloumbe, glowmbe, Middle English–1500s gloum, 1500s glowm(e, 1500s–1600s gloome, 1500s– gloom. See also glum v.
Etymology: Middle English gloum(b)e (*glūme-n < Old English *glúmian ) = Middle German (13th cent.) glûmen , ? to be savage (in ein glûmender hunt a savage dog); compare Middle German (14th cent.) beglûmen , ? to defraud, Low German glûm muddiness, fraudulent conduct, glum muddy, turbid (adopted by Luther, Ezekiel xxxii. 2), glummen , gläumen to make turbid, Middle Dutch gloom (gloym ) adjective, foggy, whence glomich foggy. The Old English glóm , twilight (whence gloaming n.), is apparently not etymologically cognate, as it belongs to a different ablaut-series. With the representation of Middle English gloum(b)e by modern English gloom , compare Middle English roum (Old English rúm ), modern English room . The variant glum v. is parallel with modern English thumb from Old English þúma, Middle English thoum(b)e.
1. intransitive. To look sullen or displeased; to frown, scowl, lower; also to gloom on or to gloom at (a person). In later use also (through influence of gloomy adj.): To look dismal or dejected, to wear an air of sombre melancholy; to be gloomy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)] > look dejected
nivel?c1225
to hang the head (down)c1275
lourc1290
gloomc1400
gluma1500
mumpc1610
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > expression of ill humour > express ill humour [verb (intransitive)] > frown or scowl
lourc1290
scowl1340
frownc1386
glouta1400
gloomc1400
gluma1500
lump1577
to knit, bend one's brows1600
caperate1623
glower1775
α.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 94 ‘Our syre syttes’, he [Jonah] says, ‘on sege so hyȝe..& gloumbes ful lyttel, Þaȝ I be nummen in Niniuie & naked dispoyled.
c1400 Rom. Rose 4356 Fortune.. whilom wole on folk smyle, And glowmbe on hem another while.
?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Biijv As soone as clerkes, begyn to talke and chat Some other gloumes, and hath enuy therat.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 415 O fekill Fortune..With busteous brows glowmand on hir brie.
a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 358 Sche glowmed boyth at the messenger and at the requeast, and skarselie wold geve a good worde or blyth countenance to any [etc.].
1628 S. Rutherford Let. 23 Apr. in Joshua Redivivus (1664) 426 That long loan..deserveth more thanks..then that ye should gloom & murmure when he craveth but his own.
1697 W. Congreve Mourning Bride i. i. 12 What's he, who with contracted Brow, And sullen Port, glooms downward with his Eyes?
1720 D. Manley Power of Love i. 76 He gloomed from beneath his Eyes, bit his Lips [etc.].
1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1729) 16 I wat on him she did na gloom, But blinkit bonnilie.
1831 Fraser's Mag. 2 699 Some gloomed upon him; others pitied the tall and gallant fellow.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair l. 400 Her father, sitting glooming in his place at the other end of the table.
1860 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) VI. 94 The Stanleys, Howards, Talbots, and Nevilles were glooming apart, indignant at the neglect of their own claims.
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 390 But whoso gloomed at tidings men might show, It was not Kiartan.
1881 E. Lynn Linton My Love! III. 36 She was glooming over her daughter's prolonged absence, and fearing she scarcely knew what.
1883 Cent. Mag. 25 891/2 I hate myself for glooming about the house in secret.
1967 ‘A. Garve’ Very Quiet Place i. iv. 59 ‘What did you do?’ ‘Gloomed for a week—then started to write it again.’
1968 H. Franklin Crash vi. 77 I sat and gloomed in the hotel lounge.
quasi-transitive.1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. iii. v. 240 They..gloomed unutterable things on George and his Speech.1862 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia III. xiv. vi. 705 ‘What interloping fellow is this?’ gloomed Valori.
2.
a. Of the weather, the sky, etc.: To lower, look dark or threatening; to be or to become dull and cloudy. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [verb (intransitive)] > be oppressive or threatening
glooma1400
loura1593
glout1739
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > be dark or gloomy [verb (intransitive)] > become dark or gloomy > specifically of the sky
glooma1400
loura1593
a1400–50 Alexander 4142 Þe wedire gloumes.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. xvi. 3 It wil be foule wedder to daye for the szkye is reed & gloometh.
1639 R. Baillie Let. 12 Feb. (1841) I. 118 Stormes is likely to arise, in that flatt ayre of England, which long hes been glooming.
1780 E. Burke Speech Bristol previous to Election 39 You remember the cloud that gloomed over us all.
1795 Cicely I. 114 The day gloomed, the wind whistled cold thro' the almost leafless trees.
1846 N. Hawthorne Mosses i. i. 16 The sky gloomed through the dusty garret windows.
1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady iii. 135 Long toil-devoted years have gloomed and shone Since these events closed up my doors of life.
b. = gloam v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > become dark [verb (intransitive)] > at nightfall
nighta1393
nighten1561
gloom1595
advesperate1623
gloam1819
dusken1870
dusk1876
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > become evening [verb (intransitive)] > fall (of night) or grow dark
fallOE
nightc1440
to fall ona1450
nighten1561
gloom1595
gloam1819
dusken1870
dusk1876
to shut down1880
1595 E. Spenser Epithalamion in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. H3v Ah when will this long weary day haue end,..Long though it be, at last I see it gloome.
1819 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson (1857) I. 232 We left Bromley..as the evening began to gloom.
1858 G. MacDonald Phantastes 20 In the midst of the forest it gloomed earlier than in the open country.
3. To have a dark or sombre appearance; to appear as a dark object.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > be dark or gloomy [verb (intransitive)]
gloom1770
1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 318 The black gibbet glooms beside the way.
1790 ‘P. Pindar’ Ode to Barn in Rowland for Oliver 21 Alas! what dangers gloom'd of late around.
1813 Ld. Byron Bride Abydos ii. xxviii. 656 While dark above The sad but living cypress glooms.
1836 E. Bulwer-Lytton Athens (1837) I. 470 Mount Parthenius amidst whose wild recesses gloomed the antique grove dedicated to Telephus.
1850 E. B. Browning Sonnets from Portuguese xix, in Poems (new ed.) II. 456 The dim purpureal tresses gloomed athwart The nine white Muse-brows.
1879 E. Dowden Southey vi. 188 Skiddaw gloomed solemnly overhead.
4.
a. transitive. To make dark or sombre; to cover with gloom; †to give a scowling or sullen look to (the countenance).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > make dark or gloomy [verb (transitive)]
gloom1577
sad1610
begloom1801
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > expression of ill humour > express ill humour [verb (transitive)] > frown or scowl at > give scowling look to
gloom1577
1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande iii. f. 10/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I You should neuer marck him or his bedfellowe.., or bende their browes, or gloome their countenaunces, or make a sower face at any guest.
1592 R. Greene Philomela sig. C3v Frostie Winter thus had gloomed, Each faire thing that sommer bloomed.
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 24 A Night, that glooms us in the Noon-tide Ray, And wraps our Thought, at Banquets, in the Shroud.
1753 H. Walpole Let. 12 June in Lett. to H. Mann (1833) III. 47 A bow-window..gloomed with limes that shade half each window.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Lett. 2 A black yew gloom'd the stagnant air.
1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows i. xxv. 65 One temple, with its floors Of shining jasper, gloom'd at morn and eve By countless knees of earnest auditors.
b. figurative. To make dark, dismal, or melancholy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)] > overspread with gloom
overcastc1300
alangec1330
darkena1382
overcloudc1550
overshadow?1602
clouda1616
benighta1631
un-sunshine1659
gloom1745
sombre1787
1745 J. Thomson Tancred & Sigismunda ii. iv. 25 We meet to-day with open Hearts and Looks, Not gloom'd by Party, scouling on each other.
1795 Char. in Ann. Reg. 23* The neighbouring territory..is impoverished and gloomed by the dominion of ecclesiastics.
1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. xxxvi. 33 Her swamps and everglades gloom..the thoughts of the wary traveller.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 110 Such a mood as that, which lately gloom'd Your fancy when you saw me following you.
1873 Symonds in Biog. (1895) II. 83 The boredom of this delay at Trapani has, I dare say, gloomed my views of the outer world.

Derivatives

gloomed adj. rendered dark or dismal.
ΚΠ
1830 Ld. Tennyson Poems 36 Would that my gloomed fancy were As thine, my mother [etc.].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† gloomv.2

Forms: Also Middle English glome.
Etymology: compare gloom n.2
Obsolete.
intransitive. To glow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > light emitted in particular manner > [verb (intransitive)] > glow or shine as if on fire
glowc1000
flamec1400
gloomc1420
burn1423
flare1633
kindle1797
flush1809
bloom1860
c1420 Anturs of Arth. xxxi. (Thornton) His gambesouns glomede [v.r. glowed] als gledys.
1579 Remedy Lawlesse Loue (Roxb.) C ij b The Cormorant That makes his God of earthly gloming Golde.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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