hardiessen.

Brit.

/hɑːdɪˈɛs/, U.S.

/ˌhɑrdiˈɛs/

Forms: Middle English hardies, Middle English hardiesce, Middle English hardyes, Middle English hardyesse, Middle English– hardiesse.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French hardiesse.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French hardiesse, hardiesce, Middle French hardyesse boldness, courage (end of the 12th cent. as ardiesce ; French hardiesse ) < hardi hardy adj. + -esse -ess suffix².Not fully naturalized in English; N.E.D. (1898) gives the pronunciation as (hardie·s) /ardiˈɛs/.

Boldness, audacity; an instance of this. In later use esp. with reference to literary or artistic style.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [noun]

hardiessec1300

boldness1377

malapertness?a1439

over-boldnessc1450

insolencya1513

protervitya1527

impudency1529

sauce malapert1529

petulancy1537

procacitya1538

audacity1545

sauceliness1552

forehead1564

hardihead1579

hardihood1594

outfacing1598

audaciousness1599

impudentness1599

petulancea1600

impertinency1609

impertinence1612

impudencea1616

procacya1620

affrontedness1640

brow1642

front1653

insolence1668

affrontery1679

assurance1699

effrontery1715

affrontiveness1721

swagger1725

imperence1765

cheek1823

sassiness1834

cheekiness1838

pawk1855

gall1882

chutzpah1886

face1890

mouth1891

crust1900

rind1901

smarting1902

hide1916

brass neck1937

the mind > emotion > courage > bravery or boldness > stout-heartedness > [noun]

hardiessec1300

intrepidnessa1631

intrepidity1704

c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) l. 1466 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 49 Þe hardiesse hou cam it þe þus forto Aposi me?

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 83 Ine prouesse byeþ þri þinges to-deld, hardyesse, strengþe, an stedeuestnesse.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 1861 Couardie It [sc. wine] torneth into hardiesse.

c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 29 (MED) In lessing youre courage ne abating of your hardiesse.

1595 A. Munday tr. First Bk. Primaleon xiii. 104 In great hardiesse hurring into the thickest of the presse, hee charged them so couragiously of all sides.

1654 J. Hall Confusion Confounded 7 These men that have so much hardiesse as to make enmity and detestation to all kind of Forms.

1680 E. Borlase Hist. Execrable Irish Rebellion To Rdr. sig. c2^v Without a more than ordinary Hardiesse, I could not well resist their Importunity.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. iv. 183 An Honour which I have scarce the Hardiesse to think of.

1761 H. Walpole Let. 9 July in Corr. (1960) XXI. 514 The frank hardiesse of the answer saved him.

1832 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 48 His strength and freshness of style [has degenerated] into fantastic or startling hardiesses of expression.

1868 Broadway Mag. 1 Sept. 167 Marant and Mestriel, the skilful mariners whose deeds of hardiesse have found place, not unworthily, among the feats of arms of that age.

1959 PMLA 74 563/2 Here, the poet's ‘hardiesses’ are not censured in the name of academic ‘bon goût’ but defended against it.

1993 Newsweek (Nexis) 8 Mar. 54 He [sc. Daumier] drew daily, favoring the broken stumps and butt ends of Conte crayons to achieve hardiesse, which sounds like ‘hardiness’ but really means ‘audacity’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hardiesse
释义	hardiessen. Brit. /hɑːdɪˈɛs/, U.S. /ˌhɑrdiˈɛs/ Forms: Middle English hardies, Middle English hardiesce, Middle English hardyes, Middle English hardyesse, Middle English– hardiesse. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French hardiesse. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French hardiesse, hardiesce, Middle French hardyesse boldness, courage (end of the 12th cent. as ardiesce ; French hardiesse ) < hardi hardy adj. + -esse -ess suffix².Not fully naturalized in English; N.E.D. (1898) gives the pronunciation as (hardie·s) /ardiˈɛs/. Boldness, audacity; an instance of this. In later use esp. with reference to literary or artistic style. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [noun] hardiessec1300 boldness1377 malapertness?a1439 over-boldnessc1450 insolencya1513 protervitya1527 impudency1529 sauce malapert1529 petulancy1537 procacitya1538 audacity1545 sauceliness1552 forehead1564 hardihead1579 hardihood1594 outfacing1598 audaciousness1599 impudentness1599 petulancea1600 impertinency1609 impertinence1612 impudencea1616 procacya1620 affrontedness1640 brow1642 front1653 insolence1668 affrontery1679 assurance1699 effrontery1715 affrontiveness1721 swagger1725 imperence1765 cheek1823 sassiness1834 cheekiness1838 pawk1855 gall1882 chutzpah1886 face1890 mouth1891 crust1900 rind1901 smarting1902 hide1916 brass neck1937 the mind > emotion > courage > bravery or boldness > stout-heartedness > [noun] hardiessec1300 intrepidnessa1631 intrepidity1704 c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) l. 1466 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 49 Þe hardiesse hou cam it þe þus forto Aposi me? 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 83 Ine prouesse byeþ þri þinges to-deld, hardyesse, strengþe, an stedeuestnesse. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 1861 Couardie It [sc. wine] torneth into hardiesse. c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 29 (MED) In lessing youre courage ne abating of your hardiesse. 1595 A. Munday tr. First Bk. Primaleon xiii. 104 In great hardiesse hurring into the thickest of the presse, hee charged them so couragiously of all sides. 1654 J. Hall Confusion Confounded 7 These men that have so much hardiesse as to make enmity and detestation to all kind of Forms. 1680 E. Borlase Hist. Execrable Irish Rebellion To Rdr. sig. c2^v Without a more than ordinary Hardiesse, I could not well resist their Importunity. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. iv. 183 An Honour which I have scarce the Hardiesse to think of. View more context for this quotation 1761 H. Walpole Let. 9 July in Corr. (1960) XXI. 514 The frank hardiesse of the answer saved him. 1832 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 48 His strength and freshness of style [has degenerated] into fantastic or startling hardiesses of expression. 1868 Broadway Mag. 1 Sept. 167 Marant and Mestriel, the skilful mariners whose deeds of hardiesse have found place, not unworthily, among the feats of arms of that age. 1959 PMLA 74 563/2 Here, the poet's ‘hardiesses’ are not censured in the name of academic ‘bon goût’ but defended against it. 1993 Newsweek (Nexis) 8 Mar. 54 He [sc. Daumier] drew daily, favoring the broken stumps and butt ends of Conte crayons to achieve hardiesse, which sounds like ‘hardiness’ but really means ‘audacity’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1300
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