holkhowkv.

/həʊk/

/haʊk/

Forms: Middle English–1500s holk(e, 1600s–1800s hoke, huck, 1600s houck, Scottish1600s–1800s howk, 1800s houk.

Etymology: Northern Middle English holk , cognate with Middle Low German holken , Low German holken , hölken , to hollow, Swedish hålka ; < root of holl adj., with diminutive formative -k: compare talk.

Now dialect.

1. transitive. To hollow out by digging; to excavate; to dig out or up. With various spec. local senses: see quots.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.)

delvec825

graveOE

sinkc1358

diga1387

holkc1400

cast1481

to dig up1551

moil1581

effodiate1612

diffode1657

to dig out1748

burrow1831

excavate1839

crow1853

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) > dig up (object)

upgravea1340

digc1350

to dig upc1400

to dig outa1425

unearthc1450

holk1554

moil1581

sprittle1585

effodicate1599

moot1610

effode1657

to cast up1660

to rough out1834

exter1835

excavate1848

crow1853

stub1927

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1222 [He] holkked out his auen yȝen heterly boþe.

1483 Cath. Angl. 187/2 To Holke, palare.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. vii. 18 Ȝonder wther sum the new havin holkis.

1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 1702 in Wks. (1931) I Sum holkit claye, sum brynt the tylde.

1573 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 270 Hes scho not helpit to holk out ȝone Tod?

1686 G. Stuart Joco-serious Disc. 47 Who howks a hole for any other His sel' fau' in were he my brother.

1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 261 They bring up their children to hoking potatoes.

1798 J. Jefferson Let. to J. Boucher 19 Mar. (MS.) Huck, to pick out any thing with an instrument, as to huck a thorn out of the finger.

1805 Sporting Mag. 26 75 I'll away up to the kirk-yard, and howk a few graves.

1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Hoke, to hollow-out anything, such as a toy boat. A dog hokes out the earth from a rabbit hole.

1891 H. Caine Scapegoat II. vi. 136 To howk out her grave with his own hands.

1899 A. Werner Captain of Locusts 160 They howked a grave near the kraal, and buried their chief pro tem.

1926 D. H. Lawrence Let. 28 Dec. (1932) 676 We shall stay here if not howked out.

1950 B. Marshall To Every Man a Penny xlix. 229 Deep in their trenches the hairy men stood, howking out the brown earth.

1955 E. Pound Classic Anthol. ii. 90 Howk 'em up with a landing scoop.

2. intransitive. To dig, make excavation, turn things up.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (intransitive)] > dig or excavate

gravea1000

delvec1000

wrootc1325

minec1330

gruba1350

sinkc1358

undermine1382

diga1387

spit1393

to pick upc1400

holk1513

graff1532

pion1643

excavate1843

throw1843

crow1853

spade1869

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. ix. 139 Vndir his cost holkand in weill law.

1681 in Archæol. Æliana XIX. 211 He was houcking for coales.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Howk, to dig, to scoop.

1834 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 35 874 He will lie upon his master's grave, and..howk wi' his paws.

1893 S. R. Crockett Stickit Minister 118 He was howkin' up in the garret twa efternoons last week.

1906 R. Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 69 Dan hiked and howked with a boat-hook (the brook was too narrow for sculls).

1950 John o' London's Weekly 24 Nov. 621/1 The solan goose..starts howking and pecking at the rope which sustains the climber.

Derivatives

holked adj. (also holket, holkit) (a) Excavated, dug out or up; †(b) Sunken, depressed, hollow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [adjective]

hollowa1250

holkedc1420

howea1500

deep-set1562

depressed1658

depressc1660

sunken1683

recessed1757

sunk1766

niche-like1841

retreating1878

sucken1878

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [adjective] > dug or excavated

wroughtOE

underdolven1382

holkedc1420

cast1487

mineda1500

pioneda1616

uneartheda1625

delved1673

disentombed1871

dugout1886

c1420 Anturs of Arth. 116 (Thornton) Hir eghne ware holkede fulle holle.

a1500 P. Johnston Thre Deid Powis iii Full laithly thus sall ly thy lusty heid Holkit and how.

a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 205 For hiddowis, haw and holkit is thyne ee.

1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 1528 in Wks. (1931) I Holkit Glennis, and hie montanis.

1786 R. Burns Poems 58 They..in kirk-yards renew their leagues, Owre howket dead.

holking n. and adj. excavating, burrowing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > [adjective] > burrowing or excavating (of mole)

undermining1617

holking1850

1850 W. Allingham Poems 116 In thy bed of clay the howking mole Bores no tunnel thorough.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	holk
释义	† holkn. Etymology: Old English holca or ? holc, derivative of hol, holl adj.: compare Low German holke, hölke small hole, Swedish hålk. Obsolete. ? A hollow, cavity. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > [noun] > a cavity or hollow hollowc897 wombOE holkc1000 dalkc1325 hollownessc1374 spaciosity?a1425 pitc1480 concavitya1513 doupa1522 capacity?1541 cavity?1541 concave?1541 vacuation?1541 vacuity?1541 sound1603 cave1605 ferme1612 ventriclea1631 core1663 want1664 uterus1692 excavation1781 hog trough1807 c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 148 On þam holcum þæs lichoman. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 160 On þam holcum þære lifre. a1240 Sawles Warde 251 Ed ehnen, ant ed neauele, ant ed te breoste holke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2018). holkhowkv. /həʊk//haʊk/ Forms: Middle English–1500s holk(e, 1600s–1800s hoke, huck, 1600s houck, Scottish1600s–1800s howk, 1800s houk. Etymology: Northern Middle English holk , cognate with Middle Low German holken , Low German holken , hölken , to hollow, Swedish hålka ; < root of holl adj., with diminutive formative -k: compare talk. Now dialect. 1. transitive. To hollow out by digging; to excavate; to dig out or up. With various spec. local senses: see quots. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) delvec825 graveOE sinkc1358 diga1387 holkc1400 cast1481 to dig up1551 moil1581 effodiate1612 diffode1657 to dig out1748 burrow1831 excavate1839 crow1853 society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) > dig up (object) upgravea1340 digc1350 to dig upc1400 to dig outa1425 unearthc1450 holk1554 moil1581 sprittle1585 effodicate1599 moot1610 effode1657 to cast up1660 to rough out1834 exter1835 excavate1848 crow1853 stub1927 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1222 [He] holkked out his auen yȝen heterly boþe. 1483 Cath. Angl. 187/2 To Holke, palare. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. vii. 18 Ȝonder wther sum the new havin holkis. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 1702 in Wks. (1931) I Sum holkit claye, sum brynt the tylde. 1573 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 270 Hes scho not helpit to holk out ȝone Tod? 1686 G. Stuart Joco-serious Disc. 47 Who howks a hole for any other His sel' fau' in were he my brother. 1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 261 They bring up their children to hoking potatoes. 1798 J. Jefferson Let. to J. Boucher 19 Mar. (MS.) Huck, to pick out any thing with an instrument, as to huck a thorn out of the finger. 1805 Sporting Mag. 26 75 I'll away up to the kirk-yard, and howk a few graves. 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Hoke, to hollow-out anything, such as a toy boat. A dog hokes out the earth from a rabbit hole. 1891 H. Caine Scapegoat II. vi. 136 To howk out her grave with his own hands. 1899 A. Werner Captain of Locusts 160 They howked a grave near the kraal, and buried their chief pro tem. 1926 D. H. Lawrence Let. 28 Dec. (1932) 676 We shall stay here if not howked out. 1950 B. Marshall To Every Man a Penny xlix. 229 Deep in their trenches the hairy men stood, howking out the brown earth. 1955 E. Pound Classic Anthol. ii. 90 Howk 'em up with a landing scoop. 2. intransitive. To dig, make excavation, turn things up. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (intransitive)] > dig or excavate gravea1000 delvec1000 wrootc1325 minec1330 gruba1350 sinkc1358 undermine1382 diga1387 spit1393 to pick upc1400 holk1513 graff1532 pion1643 excavate1843 throw1843 crow1853 spade1869 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. ix. 139 Vndir his cost holkand in weill law. 1681 in Archæol. Æliana XIX. 211 He was houcking for coales. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Howk, to dig, to scoop. 1834 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 35 874 He will lie upon his master's grave, and..howk wi' his paws. 1893 S. R. Crockett Stickit Minister 118 He was howkin' up in the garret twa efternoons last week. 1906 R. Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 69 Dan hiked and howked with a boat-hook (the brook was too narrow for sculls). 1950 John o' London's Weekly 24 Nov. 621/1 The solan goose..starts howking and pecking at the rope which sustains the climber. Derivatives holked adj. (also holket, holkit) (a) Excavated, dug out or up; †(b) Sunken, depressed, hollow. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [adjective] hollowa1250 holkedc1420 howea1500 deep-set1562 depressed1658 depressc1660 sunken1683 recessed1757 sunk1766 niche-like1841 retreating1878 sucken1878 society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [adjective] > dug or excavated wroughtOE underdolven1382 holkedc1420 cast1487 mineda1500 pioneda1616 uneartheda1625 delved1673 disentombed1871 dugout1886 c1420 Anturs of Arth. 116 (Thornton) Hir eghne ware holkede fulle holle. a1500 P. Johnston Thre Deid Powis iii Full laithly thus sall ly thy lusty heid Holkit and how. a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 205 For hiddowis, haw and holkit is thyne ee. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 1528 in Wks. (1931) I Holkit Glennis, and hie montanis. 1786 R. Burns Poems 58 They..in kirk-yards renew their leagues, Owre howket dead. holking n. and adj. excavating, burrowing. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > [adjective] > burrowing or excavating (of mole) undermining1617 holking1850 1850 W. Allingham Poems 116 In thy bed of clay the howking mole Bores no tunnel thorough. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.c1000v.c1400
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† holkn.

holkhowkv.

Derivatives