arrayn.

Brit.

/əˈreɪ/, U.S.

/əˈreɪ/

Forms: Middle English arai, Middle English–1500s aray(e, araie, (Middle English arey), Middle English–1500s arraie, arraye, Middle English– array. aphetic ray.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman arai = Old French arei (later aroi , arroi ), = Provençal arrei , Italian arredo , < areer : see array v. (The final diphthong imitates the accented forms of the verb and the primitive noun rei.)

I. Order of position.

a. Arrangement in line or ranks, esp. martial order. Phrases: in battle array, out of array (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > out of arrangement [phrase]

out of arraya1375

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun]

arraya1375

rulea1393

rank1567

arrayment1875

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] > battle array

arraya1375

ordinancec1385

fielda1393

front1487

stight1489

order of battle?1548

battle array1552

battle1577

battle-rayc1600

battalia1613

war1667

line of battle1695

ORBAT1975

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [adverb] > arranged in line or rank

in battle arraya1592

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3367 Þe bolder ouȝt we be, þei ben out of araie.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 38 The king of Sklauonye helde hys men in Araye.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Joel ii. 7 Euery man in his goinge shal kepe his araie.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 8/1 in Chron. I They founde them out of aray in following the chase.

1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 108 He followed apase and brake their Arraie.

a1592 R. Greene Comicall Hist. Alphonsus (1599) iv. sig. G2^v Place thy men at armes In battle ray.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 887 With Horse and Chariots rankt in loose array .

1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely iv. 31 Their Infantry was drawn up in Battel-array in the Plain beyond.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. i. 13 Wedged together in the closest array.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. xxxi. 265 The boldest broke array.

1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV III. 411 A young officer..drew his little force up in array.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vi. 158 Boþe monkes and chanouns Han ride out of a-ray.

1611 Bible (King James) Job vi. 4 The terrors of God doe set themselues in aray against mee.

1713 E. Young Poem on Last Day iii. 68 All Heaven's Terrors in Array surround the Ball.

1859 A. Helps Friends in Council New Ser. I. 77 When all Europe was distinctly marked off into Protestant and Catholic, you might bring these two great sections face to face in hostile array.

†2. A disposition of men in martial order, a display of military force. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > arraying in order of battle > as display of force

arraya1375

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1597 Al þat real aray reken schold men neuer.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2423 Of þat host to be-holde þe huge aray.

?1461 Earl of Oxford in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 235 If..Howard purposith hym to make any aray at owre manor of Wynche.

1553 Queen Mary I in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1822) III. ii. 171 (App. i. 3) And that ye stir not in a forcible array.

3. The calling forth of a military force, the arming of the militia; esp. in historical phrase, Commission of Array.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > levying or mobilizing

hosting1422

levying1496

amass1567

uptakinga1578

levya1616

array1640

colonelling1663

mobilification1794

levy in mass1807

levée en masse1813

arrayal1818

mobilization1848

call-out1882

mobilizing1901

1640–4 King Charles I Let. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 657 In ancient time the Militia of the Kingdom was ever disposed of by the Commissions of Array.

1647 T. May Hist. Parl. ii. vi. 115 The time of these contentions between the Ordinance of the Militia and Commission of Array.

1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. at Militia The form of the commission of array was settled in parliament anno 5 Hen. 4.

1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. iv. 47 The public servants who had charge of the musters and arrays.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. xiv. 135 Wales was to furnish infantry raised by the new plan of commissions of array.

4. concrete. A host in array; a military force. Historical. The militia of a county or city.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > militia or citizen army

trained band1562

militia1590

trainband1628

milice1635

array1643

people's army1856

1643 J. Angier Lancashires Valley of Achor 15 The Array, with some three hundred armed men..possessed themselves of Blackburne.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. iv. 76 Instructions to have a part of the array of the county ready.

1842 T. B. Macaulay Horatius i And bade his messengers ride forth..To summon his array.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. i. 150 The whole array of the city of London was under arms.

†5. Order, orderly sequence. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > [noun]

successionc1405

progression1483

discourse1541

consequency1548

array1576

consequence1597

sequence1597

concatenation1614

catenation1641

pursuance1645

consecution1651

successivenessa1676

sequentialism1848

successivity1866

sequentiality1883

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 93 To the end that I may proceede in some manner of array, I will first shew, etc.

a. A series of things exhibited or displayed in line or order; an imposing series.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > [noun] > an arrangement > an imposing or displayed arrangement

array1814

1814 Ld. Byron Corsair iii. i. 64 Their long array of sapphire and of gold.

1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. iii. iii. 440 Displaying a formidable array of teeth.

1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. ii. iv. 397 An array of powerful Doric cities.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. v. 47 On the right we have an array of cliffs.

1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xvi. 314 A long array of Transalpine chivalry.

1883 J. Browning in Knowledge 24 Aug. 113/2 Something more than an array of figures.

b. Mathematics. An arrangement of quantities or symbols in rows and columns; = matrix n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > array

array1880

1880 R. F. Scott Theory of Determinants i. 2 These when written one under the other in rows form a rectangular array... In the theory of determinants we have frequently to deal with several such arrays.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 277/2 The square array being termed the matrix of the determinant.

1908 G. H. Hardy Course Pure Math. 301 Arrange all the possible products of pairs u_m v_n in the form of a doubly infinite array u₀ v₀ u₁ v₀ u₂ v₀…u₀ v₁ u₁ v₁ u₂ v₁…u₀ v₂ u₁ v₂ u₂ v₂….

1943 H. Margenau & G. M. Murphy Math. Physics & Chem. x. 288 A collection of real or complex quantities is called an array if it can be displayed in an orderly table of rows and columns.

c. In Statistics, an arrangement of correlated phenomena or data.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > groups or arrangements of data

quartile1879

decile1882

percentile1885

centile1894

array1897

quintile1910

rank order1915

stratum1920

bin1934

quantile1938

realization1941

fractile1952

1897 K. Pearson in Philos. Trans. 1896 (Royal Soc.) A. 187 260 Let A and B be two correlated organs (variables or measurable characteristics) in the same or different individuals, and let the sub-group of organs B, corresponding to a sub-group of A.., be extracted. Let the first of these sub-groups be termed an array, and the second a type.

1938 L. J. Holman Simplified Statistics iii. 24 This arrangement, whether of men or any other items in order of size or other value, is called by statisticians an array.

1957 M. G. Kendall & W. R. Buckland Dict. Statist. Terms 11 Array,..More usually, the term denotes some special arrangement of the observations, e.g. in order of magnitude.

d. Computing. A set of memory locations or data items in which each member is identified by a common identifier together with one or more subscripts (according to the number of dimensions of the array), so that the set can be treated as a linear series.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > memory > position of > set of

block1948

page1948

bank1953

array1957

stack1960

vector1961

1957 Proc. IRE-AIEE-ACM Western Joint Computer Conf. 192/2 This compilation involves..the generation of (symbolic) tags for those arithmetic instructions which refer to subscripted variables (variables which denote arrays) which in combination with the indexing instructions..will refer correctly to the individual members of those arrays.

1961 Communications ACM 4 60/1 One of the more challenging features of Algol 60 is the possibility of allowing the dimensions of an array to be defined by variables which take on their values only dynamically, so that no fixed amount of storage in the computer can be reserved by the compiler at compilation time.

1971 P. I. Haskel in R. A. Wisbey Computer in Lit. & Ling. Res. 166 All collocating words within the span of plus and minus four are placed into an array (a particular kind of data object in snobol4) with the appropriate keyword.

1973 C. W. Gear Introd. Computer Sci. iii. 145 A three-dimensional array..is an array of two-dimensional arrays. It is accessed by specifying three subscripts. Thus, if the array is B, we can refer to B[I, J, K].

1984 J. Scriven Working Electron iii. 62 Lines 1270–1290 read the character definition from the normal character set for each letter and load them into array Z(X).

1984 Personal Software Winter 21/1 The workhouse of the program is the array A(x, y).

7. Law. The order of impanelling a jury; the panel.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [noun] > enrolment of jury

empanelling1467

array1579

pannellationa1695

empanelment1739

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > jury > [noun] > member(s) of jury > list of

panelc1400

empanel1569

array1579

1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 389 The last couple..make vp a ful Iewrie..but we may lawfully chalenge the aray.

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 156 a The Jurors names are ranked in the pannel one vnder another, which order or ranking the Jurie is called the array.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. iii. 353 Challenge to the array is an exception to the whole panel, on account of partiality or some default in the..officer who arrayed the panel.

1865 Daily Tel. 2 Dec. 5/6 The officer to whom the array was entrusted being a Catholic.

II. Order of condition or state.

a. A condition of special preparation, or which has been attained by special preparation; the state of being specially fitted out, as for war, festivities, solemnities. Now poetic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] > state of being prepared or ready > condition of special preparation

arrayc1330

arrayal1864

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. 110 Þe barons on gode aray, at London mad þei feste.

c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 206 Al the paleys put was in array.

c1440 Morte Arth. 74 One ryalle araye he helde his rounde table.

1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys 34 The fyrst day of this solenne aray.

1484 Richard III in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 166 To be redy in their moost defensible arraye.

1709 A. Pope Chaucer's January & May in Poet. Misc.: 6th Pt. 196 The Pomp, the Pageantry, the proud Array.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality ii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 34 To be partakers, of the array and the sports which took place.

c1840 Alford Poems Stand up before your God In beautiful array.

b. in evil array: in a bad condition, badly.

ΚΠ

c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 2969 Thair clothes war reven on evil arai.

c. (Combining 6 and 8.)

ΚΠ

1851 D. G. Mitchell Fresh Gleanings 60 Flowers and fruits in pretty array stretch down the French table-d'hôte.

1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish i. 8 Glittering weapons of warfare, Hanging in shining array along the walls of the chamber.

†9. Arrangement, order, or position of matters; a plight, a case; a (pretty) state of affairs! Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > state of affairs or situation

thingeOE

stallc1000

estrec1300

farea1325

arrayc1386

casea1393

costa1400

state of thingsa1500

style?a1505

predicament1586

facta1617

posture1620

picture1661

situation1750

position1829

lie1850

posish1859

state of play1916

the form1934

score1938

sitch1954

c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 46 Thow stondest yet..in such array, That of thy lyf hastow no sewerté.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 320 But uppon clay If thou wilt bilde an other is the array.

a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 163 Some have no mony—For theyr ale to pay; That is a shreud aray.

1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau v. v. sig. F.iv^v Where are we now become? marie syr here is araye.

1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 399 ‘Aha! what array is this?’ said sir Launcelot.

†10. The work of special preparation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun]

yarkingc1000

forgraithinga1300

apparellingc1315

ordinancec1330

purveyancec1330

graithinga1340

purveying1340

providencea1382

making readyc1384

preparationa1393

paring1393

provisiona1398

parelc1425

apparelc1430

parelling?a1440

ablingc1450

munition1480

preparing1497

arraya1500

readyinga1500

repurveancea1500

ordaining1509

apparation1533

preparementa1538

apprest1539

preparaturea1540

preparance1543

order1545

apparance1546

prepare1548

fore-preparationa1586

ettlingc1600

apparelment1607

parationa1617

comparation1623

address1633

apparatus1638

prep1920

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxi. 254 How myght that be trew? It toke more aray! The masons I knewe That hewed it, I say.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 57 The Phrygians is Euripides new play. But Socrates gave it the best aray.

11.

a. Outfit, attire, dress. Now poetic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun]

clothesc888

hattersOE

shroudc1000

weedOE

shrouda1122

clothc1175

hatteringa1200

atourc1220

back-clout?c1225

habit?c1225

clothingc1275

cleadinga1300

dubbinga1300

shroudinga1300

attirec1300

coverturec1300

suitc1325

apparel1330

buskingc1330

farec1330

harness1340

tire1340

backs1341

geara1350

apparelmentc1374

attiringa1375

vesturec1385

heelinga1387

vestmentc1386

arraya1400

graitha1400

livery1399

tirementa1400

warnementa1400

arrayment1400

parelc1400

werlec1400

raiment?a1425

robinga1450

rayc1450

implements1454

willokc1460

habiliment1470

emparelc1475

atourement1481

indumenta1513

reparel1521

wearing gear1542

revesture1548

claesc1550

case1559

attirement1566

furniture1566

investuring1566

apparelling1567

dud1567

hilback1573

wear1576

dress1586

enfolding1586

caparison1589

plight1590

address1592

ward-ware1598

garnish1600

investments1600

ditement1603

dressing1603

waith1603

thing1605

vestry1606

garb1608

outwall1608

accoutrementa1610

wearing apparel1617

coutrement1621

vestament1632

vestiment1637

equipage1645

cask1646

aguise1647

back-timbera1656

investiture1660

rigging1664

drapery1686

vest1694

plumage1707

bussingc1712

hull1718

paraphernalia1736

togs1779

body clothing1802

slough1808

toggery1812

traps1813

garniture1827

body-clothes1828

garmenture1832

costume1838

fig1839

outfit1840

vestiture1841

outer womana1845

outward man1846

vestiary1846

rag1855

drag1870

clo'1874

parapherna1876

clobber1879

threads1926

mocker1939

schmatte1959

vine1959

kit1989

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 3364 In better aray hir forto dyht.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 332 He rood but hoomly in a medlee coote... Of his array telle I no lenger tale.

c1410 Sir Cleges 255 In pore clothyng was he tho, And in sympull araye.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 29 Be not the furst to take new shappes and gises of array of women.

1451 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 156 All my kerchieffs and array that longes to my hede.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Rev. iii. 5 Clothed in whyte araye.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 319 We will haue rings, and things, and fine array .

1700 J. Dryden Flower & Leaf in Fables 384 Dressing, by the Moon, in loose Array.

1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st iii. 2 Though homely in array.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 93 Such array, As best might suit the watery way.

b. figurative and transferred.

ΚΠ

a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 675 Wp goith the sone in to his fresh aray.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iii. iii. 141 Happines Courts thee in his best array .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iv. 54 Thou Wolfe in Sheepes array !

1877 Bryant May Evening xii Earth renews Her beautiful array.

12. An assembly of directional radio aerials. See aerial adj. 5, beam n.¹ 24.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > aerial > assembly of specific aerials

array1919

broadside array1932

musa1937

phased array1938

mattress1947

mattress array1947

billboard1950

1919 G. A. Campbell Coll. Papers (1937) 280 Antenna Arrays.

1929 Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. 8 309 Comparisons of calculated and observed directional diagrams of..wave-antenna arrays are..discussed.

1930 Times 25 Mar. 11/3 There appears to be no reason for supposing that an effective aerial array would need masts over 180 ft. in height.

1938 P.O. Electr. Engin. Jrnl. 31 94/1 Array type antennæ..are usually employed for ultra-short wave links... Arrays consisting of up to 24 half-wave elements..may be erected.

1965 New Scientist 16 Sept. 676 A laser beam can correlate signals received by an extremely complex radar array.

Compounds

Special combinations.

array processing n. the computer processing of arrays (sense 6d).

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > array processor > action of

array processing1960

1960 L. J. Spieker (title) Seismometer array and data processing system. (Texas Instr. Final Rep., Phase 1.)

1964 Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 54 278 Applications of array-processing techniques to seismic recordings of earthquakes and blasts have been few.

1980 Economist 21 June 97/2 Different supercomputers take different approaches to problem-solving. At the moment, there are two basic approaches: the pipeline approach and the array-processing technique.

array processor n. a computer specially designed for processing arrays; spec. a specialized computer which does this, usually by parallel processing, for a mainframe or host computer.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > array processor

array processor1964

1964 E. W. Moore (title) Effect of changing multiple array processor output filter band width. (United Electrodynamics Rep.)

1975 Aviation Week & Space Technol. 7 July 40 Package containing a spread-spectrum modem.., an adaptive antenna array processor, [etc.].

1977 Sci. Amer. Sept. 224/2 Machines such as this one are called array processors or single-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream machines.

1983 W. S. Davis Operating Syst. (ed. 2) xviii. 425 Once defined, the arrays will be passed to an array processor, where the rules of linear algebra will be applied.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

arrayv.

Brit.

/əˈreɪ/, U.S.

/əˈreɪ/

Forms: Middle English–1600s aray(e, Middle English–1500s araie, (Middle English araȝe-n, arey), Middle English–1600s arraie, arraye, 1500s– array.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman arayer, araier, = Old French areyer, -eier, early Old French areer (1st person singular arei), later a(r)royer, cognate with Spanish arrear, Portuguese arreiar, Provençal aredar, Italian and early Romance arrēdāre, < a, ad to + *rēdo (Old French rei, rai, roi), ‘preparation, order,’ < Low German rêde (Old Frisian rêde, rêd, Old English rǽde, gerǽde), Gothic garaid-s, ready, prepared; compare garaidjan to make ready, garaideins preparation, order. Arrēdāre, areer, was thus ‘to make ready, put into order.’

I. Of order of position.

1. To set or place in order of readiness, to marshall. esp. To draw up prepared for battle, and in obsolete phrase to array a battle.

a. literal. To raise in arms. See array n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > draw up (troops) > in battle array

setc1275

host1297

ordainc1300

devisec1325

battle1330

arraya1375

stuffc1390

addressa1393

embattle1393

fit?a1400

stedilla1400

fewterc1440

to pitch (also set) a fielda1500

order1509

pitcha1513

deraign1528

marshal1543

re-embattle1590

size1802

form1816

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3561 To þe feld he went..his batailes to araie.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. liv. 11 I shal araie bi order thi stones.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1442 Þe iueles out of Ierusalem..Bi þe syde of þe sale were semely arayed.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 233 Hannyball his mekill mycht Aganys yaim arayit was.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xv. 6105 The secund batell..þe soueran araiet.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 217 This place is of it selfe very fit..to array an hoast of men vpon.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 226 A force of thirteen thousand fighting men were arrayed in Hyde Park.

1879 J. R. O'Flanagan Munster Circuit 197 They could persecute any rebel with fire and sword; and for this purpose might array any of the queen's loyal subjects.

b. figurative esp. in phr. To array against.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > set in opposition > line up in opposition to

array1823

1823 Ld. Byron Island iii. x. 57 All round them seemed arrayed Against them.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 375 On the other side were arrayed almost all the eminent forensic talents of the age.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 341 To induce nearly the whole of the clergy to array themselves against Science.

1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. ii. 56 These doubts will be arrayed before their minds.

2. Law. To array a panel, a jury. Cf. array n. 7.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > empanel a jury

empanel1426

return1426

panel1451

array1635

stick1688

strike1715

1635 W. Lambarde & T. Lambarde Archeion (new ed.) 207 Arraying of Pannels.

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 26 Aray is the taking or ordering of a Jury..from whence cometh the Verbe to array a pannell.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. xxiii. 359 If he [the sheriff] arrays the panel..under the direction of either party, this is good cause of challenge to the array.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. iii. 353 Challenge to the array is an exception to the whole panel, on account of partiality or some default in the..officer who arrayed the panel.

II. Of order of condition.

†3. To order, arrange, put or keep in order. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > regulate

dightc1230

ordainc1300

raila1350

regulate?a1425

arrayc1440

ordinance1440

order1509

direct?1510

regolate1585

reigle1591

ordinate1595

qualify1597

steer1616

govern1806

police1885

c1440 Morte Arth. 509 He askes hyme..How he arayes þe rewme and rewlys þe pople.

III. Of orderly equipment, dress.

†4.

a. To put in order for a purpose; to make (a thing) ready, prepare. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lviii. 5 Sac and asken to araȝen [a1425 make redi].

1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Acts xxiii. 30 The Aspies that thei arayden [1382 maden redy] for hym.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 254 The bathes weren than araied.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 718 To suche is heuen-ryche arayed.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 26/2 Thou arayest us lord to the, and thou arayest the to us.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. kviij/2 Amende and araye theyr harnoys.

†b. reflexive. To prepare oneself, make ready. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (reflexive)]

yarec888

yarkc1000

graithc1230

dightc1275

to make yarec1290

arrayc1320

tirec1330

agraith1340

buska1350

readya1350

dressc1350

shapec1374

disposec1375

ordainc1380

rayc1380

makec1390

bouna1400

updressa1400

fettlec1400

address1447

ettlec1450

aready1470

to make oneself forth1488

busklea1555

poise1639

arrange1865

c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 990 And arayde hem faste þen for to gone.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 11 Resoun gan arrayen hym alle þe reume to preche.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. x. 75 We schulde..araye vs to forige þinges þat euerlastith.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum 322 The stiward perceivid þe Emperour in chambir, and araiyng him to bed.

†c. intransitive. To make preparations. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare or get ready [verb (intransitive)]

buskc1330

agraith1340

to make readya1382

arraya1387

providec1425

prepare1517

addressa1522

apparel1523

bouna1525

buckle1563

to make frecka1572

fettle?c1600

fix1716

to set into ——1825

to show foot1825

ready1878

to fang a pump, (loosely) a well1883

prep1900

to get (oneself) organized1926

to sharpen one's pencil1957

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 281 While Herode arayeþ for þe children deeþ..[L. de nece puerorum disponeret].

†5. To make ready (food).

a. To prepare, ‘dress’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > prepare food [verb (transitive)]

makeOE

dightc1320

dressa1325

array1366

prepare1490

guise1604

catea1617

trick1824

fix1839

get1873

nap1961

1366 Mandeville's Trav. xix. 214 Arraye for me, to morwe, a gode Dyner.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 23 The coke, which shal his mete array.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum 149 The Coke, whan he had araied the hert.

b. To serve up in proper fashion. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. B.ii Yf the capons be soden araye hym in the maner aforesayd.

†6. To fit (any one) out with needful preparations, to equip with (a force, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > equip or outfit

frameOE

dightc1275

fayc1275

graith1297

attire1330

purveyc1330

shapec1330

apparel1366

harnessc1380

ordaina1387

addressa1393

array1393

pare1393

feata1400

point1449

reparel?c1450

provide1465

fortify1470

emparel1480

appoint1490

deck?15..

equip1523

trim1523

accoutre1533

furnish1548

accommodate1552

fraught1571

suit1572

to furnish up1573

to furnish out1577

rig1579

to set out1585

equipage1590

outreik1591

befit1598

to furnish forth1600

fita1616

to fit up1670

outrig1681

to fit out1722

mount?1775

outfit1798

habilitate1824

arm1860

to fake out1871

heel1873

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 288 He was with worthy compaignie Arraied.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy iv. 1143 He will aray hym full rad with a route noble.

†7. To furnish (a house, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > furnish (a house or room) [verb (transitive)]

array1366

furnish1650

munition1862

1366 Mandeville's Trav. v. 48 The prestes arrayen her Awtere honestly.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. Rolls Ser. 217 The Capitol was arrayed with hiȝe walles i-heled with glas and with gold.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 479 So wel arrayed hous as ther was oon.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xx. l. 68 A large hostel for twenty Men..he gan Areyened.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy iii. 750 An Inner chamber, Þat was rially arayed with a riche bede.

8. To furnish the person with raiment (= arrayment), to attire, dress; now, to dress up with display.

a. transitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)]

wrya901

clothec950

shride971

aturnc1220

begoa1225

array1297

graith1297

agraithc1300

geara1325

cleadc1325

adightc1330

apparel1362

back1362

shape1362

attirea1375

parela1375

tirea1375

rayc1390

addressa1393

coverc1394

aguisea1400

scredea1400

shrouda1400

bedightc1400

buskc1400

harnessc1400

hatterc1400

revesta1449

able1449

dressa1450

reparel?c1450

adub?1473

endue?a1475

afaite1484

revestera1500

beclothe1509

trimc1516

riga1535

invest1540

vesture1555

suit1577

clad1579

investure1582

vest1582

deck1587

habit1594

to make ready1596

caparison1597

skin1601

shadow1608

garment1614

riga1625

raiment1656

garb1673

equip1695

to fit out1722

encase1725

tog1793

trick1821

to fig out1825

enclothe1832

toilet1842

to get up1858

habilitate1885

tailor1885

kit1919

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 36 Tho kyng Leir arayed was.

c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 27 To wirchipe his heuede and his face, and aray it faire and curyusly.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 225 The kynge made his doughter to aray hem in riche robes.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlviii^v Take vp thy chyldren and aray them.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xxii. D Araye him with thy cote, and gyrde him with thy gyrdle.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xli. 42 Pharaoh..arayed him in vestures of fine linnen.

1755 E. Young Centaur i. 12 As the Jews array'd our blessed Lord in a purple robe, to mock him.

b. reflexive. To dress; now, to dress oneself up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (reflexive)]

buska1350

arraya1400

richc1400

to make ready?a1425

enhabitc1485

revestera1500

dress1533

suit1576

rig1662

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 3365 Scho hir arayed in better wede.

c1560 (a1500) Squyr Lowe Degre (Copland) 305 There he araied him in scarlet reed.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 293 I drinke, I eate, array [1623 , etc. away; amended by Theobald] my selfe, and liue.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 99 A..plaid, in which miss M'Evoy had arrayed herself.

c. intransitive (= refl).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > dress in armour [verb (intransitive)]

array1715

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. iii. 409 The beauteous Warrior now arrays for Fight, In gilded Arms.

d. To put on (dress, armour, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > put on

to do oneOE

graitha1375

puta1382

to take on1389

to let falla1400

takea1400

to put on?a1425

endow1484

addressa1522

to get on1549

to draw on1565

don1567

to pull on1578

dight1590

sumpterc1595

to get into ——1600

on with1600

array1611

mount1785

to cast on1801

endoss1805

endue1814

ship1829

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > of armour: protect [verb (transitive)] > clothe with or encase in

armc1275

graith1297

enarmc1320

tirec1330

harnessc1380

haspc1400

endossa1500

armour1578

case1582

clothe1590

dight1590

emboss1590

array1809

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Sot The robes that women doe array, their priuate fooleries bewray.

1809 T. Campbell Gertrude of Wyoming iii. xx As he the sword and plume in haste array'd.

9. transferred and figurative.

a. To ‘clothe,’ ‘attire’.

ΚΠ

1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) 1 Tim. ii. 9 Wymmen..with schamefastnesse & sobrenesse araiynge hem silf.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 34^v Arraye you with iustice.

1786 W. Gilpin Tour Lakes A mountain..arraying itself in the majesty of darkness.

1846 J. Keble Lyra Innocentium 253 In fear and love thy heart array.

b. To adorn, deck, set off.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament

dightc1200

begoa1225

fay?c1225

rustc1275

duba1300

shrouda1300

adorna1325

flourishc1325

apparel1366

depaintc1374

dressa1375

raila1375

anorna1382

orna1382

honourc1390

paintc1390

pare1393

garnisha1400

mensk?a1400

apykec1400

hightlec1400

overfretc1440

exornc1450

embroider1460

repair1484

empare1490

ornate1490

bedo?a1500

purfle?a1500

glorify?1504

betrap1509

broider1509

deck?1521

likelya1522

to set forth1530

exornate1539

grace1548

adornate1550

fardc1550

gaud1554

pink1558

bedeck1559

tight1572

begaud1579

embellish1579

bepounce1582

parela1586

flower1587

ornify1590

illustrate1592

tinsel1594

formalize1595

adore1596

suborn1596

trapper1597

condecorate1599

diamondize1600

furnish1600

enrich1601

mense1602

prank1605

overgreen1609

crown1611

enjewel1611

broocha1616

varnish1641

ornament1650

array1652

bedub1657

bespangle1675

irradiate1717

gem1747

begem1749

redeck1771

blazon1813

aggrace1825

diamond1839

panoply1851

1652 E. Benlowes Theophila xii. lxvii. 227 Pearld Dew arraies As yet the Virgin-Meads.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 23 The Purple Spring arrays the various ground.

1823 Ld. Byron Island iv. vii. 65 She..thus arrayed The grot with torchlight.

†10. Ironically.

a. To ‘dress,’ giving a dressing to, drub, thrash; discomfit, rout. Cf. deray n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person

to-beatc893

threshOE

bustc1225

to lay on or upon?c1225

berrya1250

to-bunea1250

touchc1330

arrayc1380

byfrapc1380

boxc1390

swinga1400

forbeatc1420

peal?a1425

routa1425

noddlea1450

forslinger1481

wipe1523

trima1529

baste1533

waulk1533

slip1535

peppera1550

bethwack1555

kembc1566

to beat (a person) black and blue1568

beswinge1568

paik1568

trounce1568

canvass1573

swaddle?1577

bebaste1582

besoop1589

bumfeage1589

dry-beat1589

feague1589

lamback1589

clapperclaw1590

thrash1593

belam1595

lam1595

beswaddle1598

bumfeagle1598

belabour1600

tew1600

flesh-baste1611

dust1612

feeze1612

mill1612

verberate1614

bethumpa1616

rebuke1619

bemaul1620

tabor1624

maula1627

batterfang1630

dry-baste1630

lambaste1637

thunder-thump1637

cullis1639

dry-banga1640

nuddle1640

sauce1651

feak1652

cotton1654

fustigate1656

brush1665

squab1668

raddle1677

to tan (a person's) hide1679

slam1691

bebump1694

to give (a person) his load1694

fag1699

towel1705

to kick a person's butt1741

fum1790

devel1807

bray1808

to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813

mug1818

to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821

welt1823

hidea1825

slate1825

targe1825

wallop1825

pounce1827

to lay into1838

flake1841

muzzle1843

paste1846

looder1850

frail1851

snake1859

fettle1863

to do over1866

jacket1875

to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877

to take apart1880

splatter1881

to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884

to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886

to do up1887

to —— (the) hell out of1887

to beat — bells out of a person1890

soak1892

to punch out1893

stoush1893

to work over1903

to beat up1907

to punch up1907

cream1929

shellac1930

to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931

duff1943

clobber1944

to fill in1948

to bash up1954

to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976

to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983

beast1990

becurry-

fan-

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 417 A man heȝ of mod Sarasynz to yule [= ill] arraye.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 603 We wolde aray hym so That he [ne] shuld have legg ne foot, to-morow on to go.

1481 Reynard (1844) 85 I am so sore arayed, and sore hurte.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xli. sig. Hii^v A syr..thus hath arayed me two armed knightes.

†b. To put into a (sore) plight, trouble, afflict.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict

overharryeOE

aileOE

swencheOE

besetOE

traya1000

teenOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

derve?c1225

grieve1297

harrya1300

noyc1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

wrath14..

aggrievea1325

annoya1325

tribula1325

to hold wakenc1330

anguish1340

distrainc1374

wrap1380

strain1382

ermec1386

afflicta1393

cumbera1400

assayc1400

distressc1400

temptc1400

encumber1413

labour1437

infortune?a1439

stressa1450

trouble1489

arraya1500

constraina1500

attempt1525

misease1530

exercise1531

to hold or keep waking1533

try1539

to wring to the worse1542

pinch1548

affligec1550

trounce1551

oppress1555

inflict1566

overharl1570

strait1579

to make a martyr of1599

straiten1611

tribulatea1637

to put through the hoop(s)1919

snooter1923

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]

heavyc897

pineeOE

aileOE

sorryeOE

traya1000

sorrowOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

angerc1175

smarta1200

to work, bake, brew balec1200

derve?c1225

grieve?c1225

sitc1225

sweam?c1225

gnawc1230

sughc1230

troublec1230

aggrievea1325

to think sweama1325

unframea1325

anguish1340

teen1340

sowa1352

distrainc1374

to-troublea1382

strain1382

unglad1390

afflicta1393

paina1393

distressa1400

hita1400

sorea1400

assayc1400

remordc1400

temptc1400

to sit (or set) one sorec1420

overthrow?a1425

visit1424

labour1437

passionc1470

arraya1500

constraina1500

misgrievea1500

attempt1525

exagitate1532

to wring to the worse1542

toil1549

lament1580

adolorate1598

rankle1659

try1702

to pass over ——1790

upset1805

to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823

to put (a person) through it1855

bludgeon1888

to get to ——1904

to put through the hoop(s)1919

a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 3270 Remembir the, how yhow haith ben araid..With love.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xviii. xxxix Hath love suche myght for to aray you so In so short a space?

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xiii. f. 11 Araied with a disease both incurable and peiteous to see.

a1600 Passion of Cryste 419 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 17 Vyce..Whiche hathe hym so Encombered and arayed.

†c. To disfigure, dirty, befoul, defile. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty [verb (transitive)]

uncleanseOE

horyc1200

befoulc1320

behorewe1340

file1340

flobber1377

smatterc1386

foulc1400

slurryc1440

filtha1450

sowla1450

sollc1480

bawdy1495

squagea1500

arrayc1525

ray1526

bawdc1529

beray1530

filthify1545

belime1555

soss1557

embroyn1566

dirt1570

filthy1581

turpifya1586

dirty1591

muck1618

bedirt1622

bedirty1623

smooch1631

dight1632

fewma1637

snuddle1661

bepaw1684

puddle1698

nasty1707

muddify1739

scavenger1806

mucky1828

squalidize1837

mullock1861

muddy1893

c1525 J. Rastell New Commodye Propertes of Women sig. Biii In dede age hath aray the That thou art she now can skant be espyed.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 435/2 I araye or fyle with myer. Jemboue.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 436/1 You have arrayed your gowne agaynst the wall.

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle i. ii. sig. Aii^v See so cham arayed with dablynge in the durt.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	array
释义	arrayn. Brit. /əˈreɪ/, U.S. /əˈreɪ/ Forms: Middle English arai, Middle English–1500s aray(e, araie, (Middle English arey), Middle English–1500s arraie, arraye, Middle English– array. aphetic ray. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman arai = Old French arei (later aroi , arroi ), = Provençal arrei , Italian arredo , < areer : see array v. (The final diphthong imitates the accented forms of the verb and the primitive noun rei.) I. Order of position. 1. a. Arrangement in line or ranks, esp. martial order. Phrases: in battle array, out of array (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > out of arrangement [phrase] out of arraya1375 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] arraya1375 rulea1393 rank1567 arrayment1875 society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] > battle array arraya1375 ordinancec1385 fielda1393 front1487 stight1489 order of battle?1548 battle array1552 battle1577 battle-rayc1600 battalia1613 war1667 line of battle1695 ORBAT1975 society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [adverb] > arranged in line or rank in battle arraya1592 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3367 Þe bolder ouȝt we be, þei ben out of araie. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 38 The king of Sklauonye helde hys men in Araye. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Joel ii. 7 Euery man in his goinge shal kepe his araie. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 8/1 in Chron. I They founde them out of aray in following the chase. 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 108 He followed apase and brake their Arraie. a1592 R. Greene Comicall Hist. Alphonsus (1599) iv. sig. G2^v Place thy men at armes In battle ray. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 887 With Horse and Chariots rankt in loose array . View more context for this quotation 1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely iv. 31 Their Infantry was drawn up in Battel-array in the Plain beyond. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. i. 13 Wedged together in the closest array. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. xxxi. 265 The boldest broke array. 1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV III. 411 A young officer..drew his little force up in array. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vi. 158 Boþe monkes and chanouns Han ride out of a-ray. 1611 Bible (King James) Job vi. 4 The terrors of God doe set themselues in aray against mee. View more context for this quotation 1713 E. Young Poem on Last Day iii. 68 All Heaven's Terrors in Array surround the Ball. 1859 A. Helps Friends in Council New Ser. I. 77 When all Europe was distinctly marked off into Protestant and Catholic, you might bring these two great sections face to face in hostile array. †2. A disposition of men in martial order, a display of military force. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > arraying in order of battle > as display of force arraya1375 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1597 Al þat real aray reken schold men neuer. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2423 Of þat host to be-holde þe huge aray. ?1461 Earl of Oxford in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 235 If..Howard purposith hym to make any aray at owre manor of Wynche. 1553 Queen Mary I in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1822) III. ii. 171 (App. i. 3) And that ye stir not in a forcible array. 3. The calling forth of a military force, the arming of the militia; esp. in historical phrase, Commission of Array. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > levying or mobilizing hosting1422 levying1496 amass1567 uptakinga1578 levya1616 array1640 colonelling1663 mobilification1794 levy in mass1807 levée en masse1813 arrayal1818 mobilization1848 call-out1882 mobilizing1901 1640–4 King Charles I Let. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 657 In ancient time the Militia of the Kingdom was ever disposed of by the Commissions of Array. 1647 T. May Hist. Parl. ii. vi. 115 The time of these contentions between the Ordinance of the Militia and Commission of Array. 1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. at Militia The form of the commission of array was settled in parliament anno 5 Hen. 4. 1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. iv. 47 The public servants who had charge of the musters and arrays. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. xiv. 135 Wales was to furnish infantry raised by the new plan of commissions of array. 4. concrete. A host in array; a military force. Historical. The militia of a county or city. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > militia or citizen army trained band1562 militia1590 trainband1628 milice1635 array1643 people's army1856 1643 J. Angier Lancashires Valley of Achor 15 The Array, with some three hundred armed men..possessed themselves of Blackburne. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. iv. 76 Instructions to have a part of the array of the county ready. 1842 T. B. Macaulay Horatius i And bade his messengers ride forth..To summon his array. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. i. 150 The whole array of the city of London was under arms. †5. Order, orderly sequence. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > [noun] successionc1405 progression1483 discourse1541 consequency1548 array1576 consequence1597 sequence1597 concatenation1614 catenation1641 pursuance1645 consecution1651 successivenessa1676 sequentialism1848 successivity1866 sequentiality1883 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 93 To the end that I may proceede in some manner of array, I will first shew, etc. 6. a. A series of things exhibited or displayed in line or order; an imposing series. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > [noun] > an arrangement > an imposing or displayed arrangement array1814 1814 Ld. Byron Corsair iii. i. 64 Their long array of sapphire and of gold. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. iii. iii. 440 Displaying a formidable array of teeth. 1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. ii. iv. 397 An array of powerful Doric cities. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. v. 47 On the right we have an array of cliffs. 1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xvi. 314 A long array of Transalpine chivalry. 1883 J. Browning in Knowledge 24 Aug. 113/2 Something more than an array of figures. b. Mathematics. An arrangement of quantities or symbols in rows and columns; = matrix n. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > array array1880 1880 R. F. Scott Theory of Determinants i. 2 These when written one under the other in rows form a rectangular array... In the theory of determinants we have frequently to deal with several such arrays. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 277/2 The square array being termed the matrix of the determinant. 1908 G. H. Hardy Course Pure Math. 301 Arrange all the possible products of pairs u_m v_n in the form of a doubly infinite array u₀ v₀ u₁ v₀ u₂ v₀…u₀ v₁ u₁ v₁ u₂ v₁…u₀ v₂ u₁ v₂ u₂ v₂…. 1943 H. Margenau & G. M. Murphy Math. Physics & Chem. x. 288 A collection of real or complex quantities is called an array if it can be displayed in an orderly table of rows and columns. c. In Statistics, an arrangement of correlated phenomena or data. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > groups or arrangements of data quartile1879 decile1882 percentile1885 centile1894 array1897 quintile1910 rank order1915 stratum1920 bin1934 quantile1938 realization1941 fractile1952 1897 K. Pearson in Philos. Trans. 1896 (Royal Soc.) A. 187 260 Let A and B be two correlated organs (variables or measurable characteristics) in the same or different individuals, and let the sub-group of organs B, corresponding to a sub-group of A.., be extracted. Let the first of these sub-groups be termed an array, and the second a type. 1938 L. J. Holman Simplified Statistics iii. 24 This arrangement, whether of men or any other items in order of size or other value, is called by statisticians an array. 1957 M. G. Kendall & W. R. Buckland Dict. Statist. Terms 11 Array,..More usually, the term denotes some special arrangement of the observations, e.g. in order of magnitude. d. Computing. A set of memory locations or data items in which each member is identified by a common identifier together with one or more subscripts (according to the number of dimensions of the array), so that the set can be treated as a linear series. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > memory > position of > set of block1948 page1948 bank1953 array1957 stack1960 vector1961 1957 Proc. IRE-AIEE-ACM Western Joint Computer Conf. 192/2 This compilation involves..the generation of (symbolic) tags for those arithmetic instructions which refer to subscripted variables (variables which denote arrays) which in combination with the indexing instructions..will refer correctly to the individual members of those arrays. 1961 Communications ACM 4 60/1 One of the more challenging features of Algol 60 is the possibility of allowing the dimensions of an array to be defined by variables which take on their values only dynamically, so that no fixed amount of storage in the computer can be reserved by the compiler at compilation time. 1971 P. I. Haskel in R. A. Wisbey Computer in Lit. & Ling. Res. 166 All collocating words within the span of plus and minus four are placed into an array (a particular kind of data object in snobol4) with the appropriate keyword. 1973 C. W. Gear Introd. Computer Sci. iii. 145 A three-dimensional array..is an array of two-dimensional arrays. It is accessed by specifying three subscripts. Thus, if the array is B, we can refer to B[I, J, K]. 1984 J. Scriven Working Electron iii. 62 Lines 1270–1290 read the character definition from the normal character set for each letter and load them into array Z(X). 1984 Personal Software Winter 21/1 The workhouse of the program is the array A(x, y). 7. Law. The order of impanelling a jury; the panel. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [noun] > enrolment of jury empanelling1467 array1579 pannellationa1695 empanelment1739 society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > jury > [noun] > member(s) of jury > list of panelc1400 empanel1569 array1579 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 389 The last couple..make vp a ful Iewrie..but we may lawfully chalenge the aray. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 156 a The Jurors names are ranked in the pannel one vnder another, which order or ranking the Jurie is called the array. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. iii. 353 Challenge to the array is an exception to the whole panel, on account of partiality or some default in the..officer who arrayed the panel. 1865 Daily Tel. 2 Dec. 5/6 The officer to whom the array was entrusted being a Catholic. II. Order of condition or state. 8. a. A condition of special preparation, or which has been attained by special preparation; the state of being specially fitted out, as for war, festivities, solemnities. Now poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] > state of being prepared or ready > condition of special preparation arrayc1330 arrayal1864 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. 110 Þe barons on gode aray, at London mad þei feste. c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 206 Al the paleys put was in array. c1440 Morte Arth. 74 One ryalle araye he helde his rounde table. 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys 34 The fyrst day of this solenne aray. 1484 Richard III in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 166 To be redy in their moost defensible arraye. 1709 A. Pope Chaucer's January & May in Poet. Misc.: 6th Pt. 196 The Pomp, the Pageantry, the proud Array. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality ii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 34 To be partakers, of the array and the sports which took place. c1840 Alford Poems Stand up before your God In beautiful array. b. in evil array: in a bad condition, badly. ΚΠ c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 2969 Thair clothes war reven on evil arai. c. (Combining 6 and 8.) ΚΠ 1851 D. G. Mitchell Fresh Gleanings 60 Flowers and fruits in pretty array stretch down the French table-d'hôte. 1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish i. 8 Glittering weapons of warfare, Hanging in shining array along the walls of the chamber. †9. Arrangement, order, or position of matters; a plight, a case; a (pretty) state of affairs! Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > state of affairs or situation thingeOE stallc1000 estrec1300 farea1325 arrayc1386 casea1393 costa1400 state of thingsa1500 style?a1505 predicament1586 facta1617 posture1620 picture1661 situation1750 position1829 lie1850 posish1859 state of play1916 the form1934 score1938 sitch1954 c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 46 Thow stondest yet..in such array, That of thy lyf hastow no sewerté. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 320 But uppon clay If thou wilt bilde an other is the array. a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 163 Some have no mony—For theyr ale to pay; That is a shreud aray. 1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau v. v. sig. F.iv^v Where are we now become? marie syr here is araye. 1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 399 ‘Aha! what array is this?’ said sir Launcelot. †10. The work of special preparation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] yarkingc1000 forgraithinga1300 apparellingc1315 ordinancec1330 purveyancec1330 graithinga1340 purveying1340 providencea1382 making readyc1384 preparationa1393 paring1393 provisiona1398 parelc1425 apparelc1430 parelling?a1440 ablingc1450 munition1480 preparing1497 arraya1500 readyinga1500 repurveancea1500 ordaining1509 apparation1533 preparementa1538 apprest1539 preparaturea1540 preparance1543 order1545 apparance1546 prepare1548 fore-preparationa1586 ettlingc1600 apparelment1607 parationa1617 comparation1623 address1633 apparatus1638 prep1920 a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxi. 254 How myght that be trew? It toke more aray! The masons I knewe That hewed it, I say. 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 57 The Phrygians is Euripides new play. But Socrates gave it the best aray. 11. a. Outfit, attire, dress. Now poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] clothesc888 hattersOE shroudc1000 weedOE shrouda1122 clothc1175 hatteringa1200 atourc1220 back-clout?c1225 habit?c1225 clothingc1275 cleadinga1300 dubbinga1300 shroudinga1300 attirec1300 coverturec1300 suitc1325 apparel1330 buskingc1330 farec1330 harness1340 tire1340 backs1341 geara1350 apparelmentc1374 attiringa1375 vesturec1385 heelinga1387 vestmentc1386 arraya1400 graitha1400 livery1399 tirementa1400 warnementa1400 arrayment1400 parelc1400 werlec1400 raiment?a1425 robinga1450 rayc1450 implements1454 willokc1460 habiliment1470 emparelc1475 atourement1481 indumenta1513 reparel1521 wearing gear1542 revesture1548 claesc1550 case1559 attirement1566 furniture1566 investuring1566 apparelling1567 dud1567 hilback1573 wear1576 dress1586 enfolding1586 caparison1589 plight1590 address1592 ward-ware1598 garnish1600 investments1600 ditement1603 dressing1603 waith1603 thing1605 vestry1606 garb1608 outwall1608 accoutrementa1610 wearing apparel1617 coutrement1621 vestament1632 vestiment1637 equipage1645 cask1646 aguise1647 back-timbera1656 investiture1660 rigging1664 drapery1686 vest1694 plumage1707 bussingc1712 hull1718 paraphernalia1736 togs1779 body clothing1802 slough1808 toggery1812 traps1813 garniture1827 body-clothes1828 garmenture1832 costume1838 fig1839 outfit1840 vestiture1841 outer womana1845 outward man1846 vestiary1846 rag1855 drag1870 clo'1874 parapherna1876 clobber1879 threads1926 mocker1939 schmatte1959 vine1959 kit1989 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 3364 In better aray hir forto dyht. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 332 He rood but hoomly in a medlee coote... Of his array telle I no lenger tale. c1410 Sir Cleges 255 In pore clothyng was he tho, And in sympull araye. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 29 Be not the furst to take new shappes and gises of array of women. 1451 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 156 All my kerchieffs and array that longes to my hede. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Rev. iii. 5 Clothed in whyte araye. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 319 We will haue rings, and things, and fine array . View more context for this quotation 1700 J. Dryden Flower & Leaf in Fables 384 Dressing, by the Moon, in loose Array. 1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st iii. 2 Though homely in array. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 93 Such array, As best might suit the watery way. b. figurative and transferred. ΚΠ a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 675 Wp goith the sone in to his fresh aray. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iii. iii. 141 Happines Courts thee in his best array . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iv. 54 Thou Wolfe in Sheepes array ! View more context for this quotation 1877 Bryant May Evening xii Earth renews Her beautiful array. 12. An assembly of directional radio aerials. See aerial adj. 5, beam n.¹ 24. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > aerial > assembly of specific aerials array1919 broadside array1932 musa1937 phased array1938 mattress1947 mattress array1947 billboard1950 1919 G. A. Campbell Coll. Papers (1937) 280 Antenna Arrays. 1929 Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. 8 309 Comparisons of calculated and observed directional diagrams of..wave-antenna arrays are..discussed. 1930 Times 25 Mar. 11/3 There appears to be no reason for supposing that an effective aerial array would need masts over 180 ft. in height. 1938 P.O. Electr. Engin. Jrnl. 31 94/1 Array type antennæ..are usually employed for ultra-short wave links... Arrays consisting of up to 24 half-wave elements..may be erected. 1965 New Scientist 16 Sept. 676 A laser beam can correlate signals received by an extremely complex radar array. Compounds Special combinations. array processing n. the computer processing of arrays (sense 6d). ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > array processor > action of array processing1960 1960 L. J. Spieker (title) Seismometer array and data processing system. (Texas Instr. Final Rep., Phase 1.) 1964 Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 54 278 Applications of array-processing techniques to seismic recordings of earthquakes and blasts have been few. 1980 Economist 21 June 97/2 Different supercomputers take different approaches to problem-solving. At the moment, there are two basic approaches: the pipeline approach and the array-processing technique. array processor n. a computer specially designed for processing arrays; spec. a specialized computer which does this, usually by parallel processing, for a mainframe or host computer. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > array processor array processor1964 1964 E. W. Moore (title) Effect of changing multiple array processor output filter band width. (United Electrodynamics Rep.) 1975 Aviation Week & Space Technol. 7 July 40 Package containing a spread-spectrum modem.., an adaptive antenna array processor, [etc.]. 1977 Sci. Amer. Sept. 224/2 Machines such as this one are called array processors or single-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream machines. 1983 W. S. Davis Operating Syst. (ed. 2) xviii. 425 Once defined, the arrays will be passed to an array processor, where the rules of linear algebra will be applied. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). arrayv. Brit. /əˈreɪ/, U.S. /əˈreɪ/ Forms: Middle English–1600s aray(e, Middle English–1500s araie, (Middle English araȝe-n, arey), Middle English–1600s arraie, arraye, 1500s– array. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman arayer, araier, = Old French areyer, -eier, early Old French areer (1st person singular arei), later a(r)royer, cognate with Spanish arrear, Portuguese arreiar, Provençal aredar, Italian and early Romance arrēdāre, < a, ad to + rēdo (Old French rei, rai, roi), ‘preparation, order,’ < Low German rêde* (Old Frisian rêde, rêd, Old English rǽde, gerǽde), Gothic garaid-s, ready, prepared; compare garaidjan to make ready, garaideins preparation, order. Arrēdāre, areer, was thus ‘to make ready, put into order.’ I. Of order of position. 1. To set or place in order of readiness, to marshall. esp. To draw up prepared for battle, and in obsolete phrase to array a battle. a. literal. To raise in arms. See array n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > draw up (troops) > in battle array setc1275 host1297 ordainc1300 devisec1325 battle1330 arraya1375 stuffc1390 addressa1393 embattle1393 fit?a1400 stedilla1400 fewterc1440 to pitch (also set) a fielda1500 order1509 pitcha1513 deraign1528 marshal1543 re-embattle1590 size1802 form1816 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3561 To þe feld he went..his batailes to araie. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. liv. 11 I shal araie bi order thi stones. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1442 Þe iueles out of Ierusalem..Bi þe syde of þe sale were semely arayed. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 233 Hannyball his mekill mycht Aganys yaim arayit was. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xv. 6105 The secund batell..þe soueran araiet. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 217 This place is of it selfe very fit..to array an hoast of men vpon. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 226 A force of thirteen thousand fighting men were arrayed in Hyde Park. 1879 J. R. O'Flanagan Munster Circuit 197 They could persecute any rebel with fire and sword; and for this purpose might array any of the queen's loyal subjects. b. figurative esp. in phr. To array against. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > set in opposition > line up in opposition to array1823 1823 Ld. Byron Island iii. x. 57 All round them seemed arrayed Against them. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 375 On the other side were arrayed almost all the eminent forensic talents of the age. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 341 To induce nearly the whole of the clergy to array themselves against Science. 1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. ii. 56 These doubts will be arrayed before their minds. 2. Law. To array a panel, a jury. Cf. array n. 7. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > empanel a jury empanel1426 return1426 panel1451 array1635 stick1688 strike1715 1635 W. Lambarde & T. Lambarde Archeion (new ed.) 207 Arraying of Pannels. 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 26 Aray is the taking or ordering of a Jury..from whence cometh the Verbe to array a pannell. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. xxiii. 359 If he [the sheriff] arrays the panel..under the direction of either party, this is good cause of challenge to the array. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. iii. 353 Challenge to the array is an exception to the whole panel, on account of partiality or some default in the..officer who arrayed the panel. II. Of order of condition. †3. To order, arrange, put or keep in order. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > regulate dightc1230 ordainc1300 raila1350 regulate?a1425 arrayc1440 ordinance1440 order1509 direct?1510 regolate1585 reigle1591 ordinate1595 qualify1597 steer1616 govern1806 police1885 c1440 Morte Arth. 509 He askes hyme..How he arayes þe rewme and rewlys þe pople. III. Of orderly equipment, dress. †4. a. To put in order for a purpose; to make (a thing) ready, prepare. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lviii. 5 Sac and asken to araȝen [a1425 make redi]. 1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Acts xxiii. 30 The Aspies that thei arayden [1382 maden redy] for hym. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 254 The bathes weren than araied. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 718 To suche is heuen-ryche arayed. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 26/2 Thou arayest us lord to the, and thou arayest the to us. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. kviij/2 Amende and araye theyr harnoys. †b. reflexive. To prepare oneself, make ready. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (reflexive)] yarec888 yarkc1000 graithc1230 dightc1275 to make yarec1290 arrayc1320 tirec1330 agraith1340 buska1350 readya1350 dressc1350 shapec1374 disposec1375 ordainc1380 rayc1380 makec1390 bouna1400 updressa1400 fettlec1400 address1447 ettlec1450 aready1470 to make oneself forth1488 busklea1555 poise1639 arrange1865 c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 990 And arayde hem faste þen for to gone. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 11 Resoun gan arrayen hym alle þe reume to preche. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. x. 75 We schulde..araye vs to forige þinges þat euerlastith. c1440 Gesta Romanorum 322 The stiward perceivid þe Emperour in chambir, and araiyng him to bed. †c. intransitive. To make preparations. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare or get ready [verb (intransitive)] buskc1330 agraith1340 to make readya1382 arraya1387 providec1425 prepare1517 addressa1522 apparel1523 bouna1525 buckle1563 to make frecka1572 fettle?c1600 fix1716 to set into ——1825 to show foot1825 ready1878 to fang a pump, (loosely) a well1883 prep1900 to get (oneself) organized1926 to sharpen one's pencil1957 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 281 While Herode arayeþ for þe children deeþ..[L. de nece puerorum disponeret]. †5. To make ready (food). a. To prepare, ‘dress’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > prepare food [verb (transitive)] makeOE dightc1320 dressa1325 array1366 prepare1490 guise1604 catea1617 trick1824 fix1839 get1873 nap1961 1366 Mandeville's Trav. xix. 214 Arraye for me, to morwe, a gode Dyner. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 23 The coke, which shal his mete array. c1440 Gesta Romanorum 149 The Coke, whan he had araied the hert. b. To serve up in proper fashion. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. B.ii Yf the capons be soden araye hym in the maner aforesayd. †6. To fit (any one) out with needful preparations, to equip with (a force, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > equip or outfit frameOE dightc1275 fayc1275 graith1297 attire1330 purveyc1330 shapec1330 apparel1366 harnessc1380 ordaina1387 addressa1393 array1393 pare1393 feata1400 point1449 reparel?c1450 provide1465 fortify1470 emparel1480 appoint1490 deck?15.. equip1523 trim1523 accoutre1533 furnish1548 accommodate1552 fraught1571 suit1572 to furnish up1573 to furnish out1577 rig1579 to set out1585 equipage1590 outreik1591 befit1598 to furnish forth1600 fita1616 to fit up1670 outrig1681 to fit out1722 mount?1775 outfit1798 habilitate1824 arm1860 to fake out1871 heel1873 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 288 He was with worthy compaignie Arraied. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy iv. 1143 He will aray hym full rad with a route noble. †7. To furnish (a house, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > furnish (a house or room) [verb (transitive)] array1366 furnish1650 munition1862 1366 Mandeville's Trav. v. 48 The prestes arrayen her Awtere honestly. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. Rolls Ser. 217 The Capitol was arrayed with hiȝe walles i-heled with glas and with gold. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 479 So wel arrayed hous as ther was oon. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xx. l. 68 A large hostel for twenty Men..he gan Areyened. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy iii. 750 An Inner chamber, Þat was rially arayed with a riche bede. 8. To furnish the person with raiment (= arrayment), to attire, dress; now, to dress up with display. a. transitive. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] wrya901 clothec950 shride971 aturnc1220 begoa1225 array1297 graith1297 agraithc1300 geara1325 cleadc1325 adightc1330 apparel1362 back1362 shape1362 attirea1375 parela1375 tirea1375 rayc1390 addressa1393 coverc1394 aguisea1400 scredea1400 shrouda1400 bedightc1400 buskc1400 harnessc1400 hatterc1400 revesta1449 able1449 dressa1450 reparel?c1450 adub?1473 endue?a1475 afaite1484 revestera1500 beclothe1509 trimc1516 riga1535 invest1540 vesture1555 suit1577 clad1579 investure1582 vest1582 deck1587 habit1594 to make ready1596 caparison1597 skin1601 shadow1608 garment1614 riga1625 raiment1656 garb1673 equip1695 to fit out1722 encase1725 tog1793 trick1821 to fig out1825 enclothe1832 toilet1842 to get up1858 habilitate1885 tailor1885 kit1919 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 36 Tho kyng Leir arayed was. c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 27 To wirchipe his heuede and his face, and aray it faire and curyusly. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 225 The kynge made his doughter to aray hem in riche robes. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlviii^v Take vp thy chyldren and aray them. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xxii. D Araye him with thy cote, and gyrde him with thy gyrdle. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xli. 42 Pharaoh..arayed him in vestures of fine linnen. View more context for this quotation 1755 E. Young Centaur i. 12 As the Jews array'd our blessed Lord in a purple robe, to mock him. b. reflexive. To dress; now, to dress oneself up. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (reflexive)] buska1350 arraya1400 richc1400 to make ready?a1425 enhabitc1485 revestera1500 dress1533 suit1576 rig1662 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 3365 Scho hir arayed in better wede. c1560 (a1500) Squyr Lowe Degre (Copland) 305 There he araied him in scarlet reed. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 293 I drinke, I eate, array [1623 , etc. away; amended by Theobald] my selfe, and liue. View more context for this quotation 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 99 A..plaid, in which miss M'Evoy had arrayed herself. c. intransitive (= refl). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > dress in armour [verb (intransitive)] array1715 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. iii. 409 The beauteous Warrior now arrays for Fight, In gilded Arms. d. To put on (dress, armour, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > put on to do oneOE graitha1375 puta1382 to take on1389 to let falla1400 takea1400 to put on?a1425 endow1484 addressa1522 to get on1549 to draw on1565 don1567 to pull on1578 dight1590 sumpterc1595 to get into ——1600 on with1600 array1611 mount1785 to cast on1801 endoss1805 endue1814 ship1829 society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > of armour: protect [verb (transitive)] > clothe with or encase in armc1275 graith1297 enarmc1320 tirec1330 harnessc1380 haspc1400 endossa1500 armour1578 case1582 clothe1590 dight1590 emboss1590 array1809 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Sot The robes that women doe array, their priuate fooleries bewray. 1809 T. Campbell Gertrude of Wyoming iii. xx As he the sword and plume in haste array'd. 9. transferred and figurative. a. To ‘clothe,’ ‘attire’. ΚΠ 1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) 1 Tim. ii. 9 Wymmen..with schamefastnesse & sobrenesse araiynge hem silf. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 34^v Arraye you with iustice. 1786 W. Gilpin Tour Lakes A mountain..arraying itself in the majesty of darkness. 1846 J. Keble Lyra Innocentium 253 In fear and love thy heart array. b. To adorn, deck, set off. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament dightc1200 begoa1225 fay?c1225 rustc1275 duba1300 shrouda1300 adorna1325 flourishc1325 apparel1366 depaintc1374 dressa1375 raila1375 anorna1382 orna1382 honourc1390 paintc1390 pare1393 garnisha1400 mensk?a1400 apykec1400 hightlec1400 overfretc1440 exornc1450 embroider1460 repair1484 empare1490 ornate1490 bedo?a1500 purfle?a1500 glorify?1504 betrap1509 broider1509 deck?1521 likelya1522 to set forth1530 exornate1539 grace1548 adornate1550 fardc1550 gaud1554 pink1558 bedeck1559 tight1572 begaud1579 embellish1579 bepounce1582 parela1586 flower1587 ornify1590 illustrate1592 tinsel1594 formalize1595 adore1596 suborn1596 trapper1597 condecorate1599 diamondize1600 furnish1600 enrich1601 mense1602 prank1605 overgreen1609 crown1611 enjewel1611 broocha1616 varnish1641 ornament1650 array1652 bedub1657 bespangle1675 irradiate1717 gem1747 begem1749 redeck1771 blazon1813 aggrace1825 diamond1839 panoply1851 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila xii. lxvii. 227 Pearld Dew arraies As yet the Virgin-Meads. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 23 The Purple Spring arrays the various ground. 1823 Ld. Byron Island iv. vii. 65 She..thus arrayed The grot with torchlight. †10. Ironically. a. To ‘dress,’ giving a dressing to, drub, thrash; discomfit, rout. Cf. deray n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person to-beatc893 threshOE bustc1225 to lay on or upon?c1225 berrya1250 to-bunea1250 touchc1330 arrayc1380 byfrapc1380 boxc1390 swinga1400 forbeatc1420 peal?a1425 routa1425 noddlea1450 forslinger1481 wipe1523 trima1529 baste1533 waulk1533 slip1535 peppera1550 bethwack1555 kembc1566 to beat (a person) black and blue1568 beswinge1568 paik1568 trounce1568 canvass1573 swaddle?1577 bebaste1582 besoop1589 bumfeage1589 dry-beat1589 feague1589 lamback1589 clapperclaw1590 thrash1593 belam1595 lam1595 beswaddle1598 bumfeagle1598 belabour1600 tew1600 flesh-baste1611 dust1612 feeze1612 mill1612 verberate1614 bethumpa1616 rebuke1619 bemaul1620 tabor1624 maula1627 batterfang1630 dry-baste1630 lambaste1637 thunder-thump1637 cullis1639 dry-banga1640 nuddle1640 sauce1651 feak1652 cotton1654 fustigate1656 brush1665 squab1668 raddle1677 to tan (a person's) hide1679 slam1691 bebump1694 to give (a person) his load1694 fag1699 towel1705 to kick a person's butt1741 fum1790 devel1807 bray1808 to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813 mug1818 to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821 welt1823 hidea1825 slate1825 targe1825 wallop1825 pounce1827 to lay into1838 flake1841 muzzle1843 paste1846 looder1850 frail1851 snake1859 fettle1863 to do over1866 jacket1875 to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877 to take apart1880 splatter1881 to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884 to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886 to do up1887 to —— (the) hell out of1887 to beat — bells out of a person1890 soak1892 to punch out1893 stoush1893 to work over1903 to beat up1907 to punch up1907 cream1929 shellac1930 to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931 duff1943 clobber1944 to fill in1948 to bash up1954 to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976 to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983 beast1990 becurry- fan- c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 417 A man heȝ of mod Sarasynz to yule [= ill] arraye. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 603 We wolde aray hym so That he [ne] shuld have legg ne foot, to-morow on to go. 1481 Reynard (1844) 85 I am so sore arayed, and sore hurte. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xli. sig. Hii^v A syr..thus hath arayed me two armed knightes. †b. To put into a (sore) plight, trouble, afflict. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict overharryeOE aileOE swencheOE besetOE traya1000 teenOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE derve?c1225 grieve1297 harrya1300 noyc1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 wrath14.. aggrievea1325 annoya1325 tribula1325 to hold wakenc1330 anguish1340 distrainc1374 wrap1380 strain1382 ermec1386 afflicta1393 cumbera1400 assayc1400 distressc1400 temptc1400 encumber1413 labour1437 infortune?a1439 stressa1450 trouble1489 arraya1500 constraina1500 attempt1525 misease1530 exercise1531 to hold or keep waking1533 try1539 to wring to the worse1542 pinch1548 affligec1550 trounce1551 oppress1555 inflict1566 overharl1570 strait1579 to make a martyr of1599 straiten1611 tribulatea1637 to put through the hoop(s)1919 snooter1923 the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] heavyc897 pineeOE aileOE sorryeOE traya1000 sorrowOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE angerc1175 smarta1200 to work, bake, brew balec1200 derve?c1225 grieve?c1225 sitc1225 sweam?c1225 gnawc1230 sughc1230 troublec1230 aggrievea1325 to think sweama1325 unframea1325 anguish1340 teen1340 sowa1352 distrainc1374 to-troublea1382 strain1382 unglad1390 afflicta1393 paina1393 distressa1400 hita1400 sorea1400 assayc1400 remordc1400 temptc1400 to sit (or set) one sorec1420 overthrow?a1425 visit1424 labour1437 passionc1470 arraya1500 constraina1500 misgrievea1500 attempt1525 exagitate1532 to wring to the worse1542 toil1549 lament1580 adolorate1598 rankle1659 try1702 to pass over ——1790 upset1805 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 to put (a person) through it1855 bludgeon1888 to get to ——1904 to put through the hoop(s)1919 a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 3270 Remembir the, how yhow haith ben araid..With love. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xviii. xxxix Hath love suche myght for to aray you so In so short a space? 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xiii. f. 11 Araied with a disease both incurable and peiteous to see. a1600 Passion of Cryste 419 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 17 Vyce..Whiche hathe hym so Encombered and arayed. †c. To disfigure, dirty, befoul, defile. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty [verb (transitive)] uncleanseOE horyc1200 befoulc1320 behorewe1340 file1340 flobber1377 smatterc1386 foulc1400 slurryc1440 filtha1450 sowla1450 sollc1480 bawdy1495 squagea1500 arrayc1525 ray1526 bawdc1529 beray1530 filthify1545 belime1555 soss1557 embroyn1566 dirt1570 filthy1581 turpifya1586 dirty1591 muck1618 bedirt1622 bedirty1623 smooch1631 dight1632 fewma1637 snuddle1661 bepaw1684 puddle1698 nasty1707 muddify1739 scavenger1806 mucky1828 squalidize1837 mullock1861 muddy1893 c1525 J. Rastell New Commodye Propertes of Women sig. Biii In dede age hath aray the That thou art she now can skant be espyed. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 435/2 I araye or fyle with myer. Jemboue. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 436/1 You have arrayed your gowne agaynst the wall. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle i. ii. sig. Aii^v See so cham arayed with dablynge in the durt. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1330v.1297
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