† iseneadj.

Forms:

α. Old English gesiene, Old English gesine (rare), Old English gesyne, early Middle English isyne.

β. Old English gesæne (rare), Old English gesænę (Mercian, rare), Old English geseanę (Mercian, rare), Old English gesene (chiefly Anglian), late Old English geseone, early Middle English iseone, Middle English asene, Middle English esene (north-west midlands), Middle English iseene, Middle English isene, Middle English yseene, Middle English ysene, Middle English yzyenne (south-eastern), late Middle English isen, late Middle English yseen.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch siene , ziene beautiful, nice, Middle Low German sǖne visible, evident, expected, Old High German -siuni (e.g. in bisiuni accurate, ougsiuni evident), Old Icelandic sýnn visible, Old Swedish syn visible, Gothic -siuns (in anasiuns visible) < the Germanic base of y- prefix + the Germanic base of see v. + the Germanic base of a suffix forming adjectives.In Germanic the word was apparently not current as an unprefixed simplex. The cognates in Gothic and Old High German probably reflect regular omission of the prefix (the cognate of y- prefix) in compounds and derivatives. Later West Germanic forms, as well as those in Scandinavian languages, probably show loss of the prefix, as later in English in the transition from Old English to Middle English; compare sene adj. Old High German ougsiuni is cognate with or formed similarly to Old English ēagsiene (see eyesene n.), Middle Dutch ogesiene , oghesiene , Middle Low German ōchsǖne , all in sense ‘evident’ ( < the Germanic base of eye n.¹ + the Germanic base of isene adj.). With Gothic anasiuns compare Old English ansīene visible (compare on- prefix and also onsene n.). Compare also Old English scearpsīene keen-sighted (compare sharp adj.), þurhsīene limpid, transparent (compare through- prefix). In Old English, as in other Germanic languages, the adjective shows i-mutation of the stem vowel caused by the earlier form of the suffix (ja -stem). West Saxon gesīene could conceivably show the mutation of the same vowel (reflecting an original e -grade) as the Germanic forms listed above. However, Anglian gesēne apparently reflects a different ablaut grade (o -grade) of the same Germanic base, which can also be seen as underlying the West Saxon form. See further D. Ringe & A. Taylor Devel. Old Eng. (2014) 306. Following the development of the sēn type of the past participle of see v. (see Forms 8β. at that entry, and compare discussion in the etymology section), isene adj. became formally identical with the inflected (and later also uninflected) past participle. Already in Old English, in late Anglian, the adjective is sometimes used in periphrastic constructions to translate passive forms of classical Latin vidēre , suggesting a partial merger with the past participle. Instances of Middle English ysene , yseene , etc. used attributively or predicatively (outside periphrastic constructions) in senses corresponding to isene adj. have been placed at this entry. Compare sene adj., and also seldseen adj. In late Old English and early Middle English some forms may be influenced by ysee v. (e.g. compare geseone, iseone, yzyenne with forms of the infinitive and inflected infinitive of ysee v.). With the form asene compare asee v. (compare a- prefix²).

Obsolete.

That may be seen; plainly visible; evident, manifest, obvious; = sene adj. 1. Cf. well isene adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective]

i-seyenlyeOE

iseneOE

senec1175

seyelyc1225

visiblea1340

seena1398

sighty1398

seeablea1425

spectablec1440

sightfulc1480

sightly1532

appearingc1550

discernable1561

eyely1561

discoverable1572

spectible1581

observable1589

visive1598

aspectable1612

observant1615

perspicable1621

perspiculative1623

remarkable1623

eyeable1633

visory1633

appearable1651

dignoscible1671

discernible1678

traceable1748

noticeable1753

visual1757

distinguishable1762

OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) x. 213 Þær is cyninges þrym gesyne [c1175 Bodl. 343 isyne], & þær is arwyrðnes witegna.

OE Beowulf (2008) 1403 Lastas wæron æfter waldswaþum wide gesyne.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4761 Ȝet hit is isene þat heo wes her quene.

c1300 St. Margarete (Harl.) l. 122 in O. Cockayne Seinte Marherete (1866) 27 (MED) Bi peces þe flesch orn adoun; þe bones were isene.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 228 (MED) Maydenhod is þe huite robe, huerinne þe spot is uouler and more yzyenne þanne in anoþer cloþ.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 594 Ful longe weere his legges and ful leene..ther was no calf yseene.

a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 841 Who me loueþ now worþ asene [c1400 Laud ysene].

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 259 (MED) When he comythe oute, al his visage is wepingly; and thenne he wasshithe hit, that the wepinge be not I-seene.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	isene
释义	† iseneadj. Forms: α. Old English gesiene, Old English gesine (rare), Old English gesyne, early Middle English isyne. β. Old English gesæne (rare), Old English gesænę (Mercian, rare), Old English geseanę (Mercian, rare), Old English gesene (chiefly Anglian), late Old English geseone, early Middle English iseone, Middle English asene, Middle English esene (north-west midlands), Middle English iseene, Middle English isene, Middle English yseene, Middle English ysene, Middle English yzyenne (south-eastern), late Middle English isen, late Middle English yseen. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch siene , ziene beautiful, nice, Middle Low German sǖne visible, evident, expected, Old High German -siuni (e.g. in bisiuni accurate, ougsiuni evident), Old Icelandic sýnn visible, Old Swedish syn visible, Gothic -siuns (in anasiuns visible) < the Germanic base of y- prefix + the Germanic base of see v. + the Germanic base of a suffix forming adjectives.In Germanic the word was apparently not current as an unprefixed simplex. The cognates in Gothic and Old High German probably reflect regular omission of the prefix (the cognate of y- prefix) in compounds and derivatives. Later West Germanic forms, as well as those in Scandinavian languages, probably show loss of the prefix, as later in English in the transition from Old English to Middle English; compare sene adj. Old High German ougsiuni is cognate with or formed similarly to Old English ēagsiene (see eyesene n.), Middle Dutch ogesiene , oghesiene , Middle Low German ōchsǖne , all in sense ‘evident’ ( < the Germanic base of eye n.¹ + the Germanic base of isene adj.). With Gothic anasiuns compare Old English ansīene visible (compare on- prefix and also onsene n.). Compare also Old English scearpsīene keen-sighted (compare sharp adj.), þurhsīene limpid, transparent (compare through- prefix). In Old English, as in other Germanic languages, the adjective shows i-mutation of the stem vowel caused by the earlier form of the suffix (ja -stem). West Saxon gesīene could conceivably show the mutation of the same vowel (reflecting an original e -grade) as the Germanic forms listed above. However, Anglian gesēne apparently reflects a different ablaut grade (o -grade) of the same Germanic base, which can also be seen as underlying the West Saxon form. See further D. Ringe & A. Taylor Devel. Old Eng. (2014) 306. Following the development of the sēn type of the past participle of see v. (see Forms 8β. at that entry, and compare discussion in the etymology section), isene adj. became formally identical with the inflected (and later also uninflected) past participle. Already in Old English, in late Anglian, the adjective is sometimes used in periphrastic constructions to translate passive forms of classical Latin vidēre , suggesting a partial merger with the past participle. Instances of Middle English ysene , yseene , etc. used attributively or predicatively (outside periphrastic constructions) in senses corresponding to isene adj. have been placed at this entry. Compare sene adj., and also seldseen adj. In late Old English and early Middle English some forms may be influenced by ysee v. (e.g. compare geseone, iseone, yzyenne with forms of the infinitive and inflected infinitive of ysee v.). With the form asene compare asee v. (compare a- prefix²). Obsolete. That may be seen; plainly visible; evident, manifest, obvious; = sene adj. 1. Cf. well isene adj. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective] i-seyenlyeOE iseneOE senec1175 seyelyc1225 visiblea1340 seena1398 sighty1398 seeablea1425 spectablec1440 sightfulc1480 sightly1532 appearingc1550 discernable1561 eyely1561 discoverable1572 spectible1581 observable1589 visive1598 aspectable1612 observant1615 perspicable1621 perspiculative1623 remarkable1623 eyeable1633 visory1633 appearable1651 dignoscible1671 discernible1678 traceable1748 noticeable1753 visual1757 distinguishable1762 OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) x. 213 Þær is cyninges þrym gesyne [c1175 Bodl. 343 isyne], & þær is arwyrðnes witegna. OE Beowulf (2008) 1403 Lastas wæron æfter waldswaþum wide gesyne. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4761 Ȝet hit is isene þat heo wes her quene. c1300 St. Margarete (Harl.) l. 122 in O. Cockayne Seinte Marherete (1866) 27 (MED) Bi peces þe flesch orn adoun; þe bones were isene. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 228 (MED) Maydenhod is þe huite robe, huerinne þe spot is uouler and more yzyenne þanne in anoþer cloþ. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 594 Ful longe weere his legges and ful leene..ther was no calf yseene. a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 841 Who me loueþ now worþ asene [c1400 Laud ysene]. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 259 (MED) When he comythe oute, al his visage is wepingly; and thenne he wasshithe hit, that the wepinge be not I-seene. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.OE
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