Ironsiden.

Brit.

/ˈʌɪənsʌɪd/, U.S.

/ˈaɪ(ə)rnˌsaɪd/

Forms: Old English Irensid, late Old English–Middle English Ireneside, late Old English–Middle English Irneside, Middle English Hirenside, Middle English Hyrneneside (in a late copy), Middle English Hyrneside, Middle English Irenside, Middle English Irensyde, Middle English Irinesyde, Middle English Yrenesyde, Middle English Yrensyde, Middle English Yrunside, Middle English–1500s Yronsyde, Middle English–1600s Ironsyde, 1500s Yronsyd, 1500s– Ironside.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: iron adj., side n.¹

Etymology: < iron adj. + side n.¹As an epithet of Edmund II (see sense 1), the word is recorded earliest some time after his death in an annal dated 1057, written in a hand of the second half of the 11th cent. (see quot. OE at sense 1), but the byname may well be contemporary. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chron., Edmund was so named because of his valour, probably with reference to his resistance to the invasion of Cnut in 1015–16. (In form Irensid perhaps showing a compound inflected as a strong masculine, in contrast to the usual weak feminine inflection of sīde side n.¹) Compare post-classical Latin ferreum latus , also as latus ferreum (a1095 as an epithet of Edmund II). Compare also Middle English Edmund with þe irene side (a1400). Perhaps compare also the byname of Björn Ironside (compare quot. 1796 at sense 2), a semi-legendary king of Sweden, reputed to have lived in the mid 9th cent., whose name is attested earliest in post-classical Latin form as Bier Costae Ferreae (second half of the 11th cent. in William of Jumièges) and only later in Scandinavian sources, e.g. as Old Icelandic Bjǫrn Járnsíða (in Ragnars saga). The byname is alleged to refer to his magical invulnerability. Earlier currency of sense 2 is perhaps implied by the surnames Irneside (1330–4), Joh. Irenside (1333–4); compare also the surname evidence cited at ironen adj. Sense 3b, as applied to Cromwell's cavalry, may perhaps have developed from an earlier genitive construction Ironside's men ; compare the Queen's , Prince of Wales's , and similar modern titles of regiments. See also W. G. Ross Oliver Cromwell & his ‘Ironsides’ (1889) 19. With form Hyrneneside compare ironen adj.

I. Senses relating to a person.

1. (An epithet of) Edmund II, king of England (reigned 1016). Also in plural in same sense.

ΚΠ

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1057 Her com Eadward æþeling to Englalande, se wæs Eadwerdes broðor sunu kynges, Eadmund cing, Irensid wæs geclypod for his snellscipe.

lOE William of Malmesbury Gesta Regum Anglorum (1998) I. ii. §179. 312 Iste Edmundus..predicandae indolis iuuuenis, magni roboris et animo et corpore, et propter hoc ab Anglis Ireneside, id est Ferreum latus, nuncupatus.

a1259 M. Paris Chronica Majora (Corpus Cambr. 16) (1872) I. 493 (MED) Filius regis Eadmundus, quem gens Anglorum propter magni roboris mentis simul et corporis strenuitatem Irene-side, id est, latus ferreum, nuncupabant.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 6084 Is eldoste sone, Edmond yrene syde, Vor he was hardi & god kniȝt, at hom he let abide.

c1367 in F. C. Haydon Eulogium Historiarum sive Temporis (1863) III. 24 Eldredus etiam duos generavit filios; nomen primi est Edmundus, vocabulo Irenside [v.r. Yrensyde].

1480 Cronicles Eng. (Caxton) cxv. sig. g2 This kyng Eldred wedded an Englissh woman and on hir begate Edmond Irenside.

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. E.v Kanutus after the deth of Edmond yronsyd was sole kyng of the hole realme of Englond.

1598 F. Hastings Watch-word to English-men 51 Some trayterous plot, or other, to dispatch king Edmunde, surnamed Iron syde, out of the waye.

1660 Mrs. Rump (single sheet) And I murthered my King Edmond Iron-sides.

1726 Grand Myst. 8 Edmund Ironsides, the most Valiant of our Kings.

1791 Edwy II. xii. 107 I had indeed forgot me, nor remembered that a son of Edmund Ironsides was still in being.

1856 C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. I. xiii. 171 There was a legitimate heir to the throne in Hungary—Edward, the son of the brave Ironside.

1901 N.Y. Times 9 Feb. 90 Edmund, called ‘Ironside’, Ethelred's son.

2009 T. Bolton Empire Cnut the Great i. 10 A decisive split appeared between Æthelred and his immediate heir, Edmund Ironside, in 1015.

2. gen. (A name for) a person of great physical or mental strength. Also in plural in same sense. Now rare.Sometimes influenced by sense 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero > person of mettle

heart1340

heart of oakc1384

bolda1400

doughtya1400

stalworthc1400

sternc1400

Ironsidea1470

stalwart1508

galliard1532

lada1556

stoutheart1556

hardydardy1593

valour1609

valiant1610

fireman1648

hearty1790

my (also me) hearty1839

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > robustness > person

stalworthc1400

Ironsidea1470

stalwart1508

iron man1643

pine knot1836

iron woman1900

hard rock1922

toughie1929

tough guy1932

hard-ass1962

hardbody1980

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 337 I am called the Rede Knyght of the Rede Laundis, but my name is sir Ironsyde.

a1635 R. Corbet To Lord Mordant in Certain Elegant Poems (1647) 38 One [of the guard at Windsor] I remember with a grizled beard,..This Iron side takes hold, and suddenly Hurles me..Some twelve foot by the square.

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Acts xix. 9) So indefatigable a preacher was Paul, a very..iron-sides.

1660 R. Burney Κέρδιστον Δῶρον 97 Henrie the 8..who appear'd an ironsides against the Principalities of darknesse.

1796 Archaeologia 12 314 His work begins with the irruption of the first Normans under the conduct of Hasting and Bier, surnamed Ironside.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 30 Mar. 1/3 Mrs. Parnell..was her father's child, and he had won for himself the appellation of Ironsides, as a testimony to the strength of his character and the resolution with which he pursued the British Fleet in those days of trouble between Great Britain and America.

1919 Alumni Q. (Univ. Illinois) 1 Dec. 51/3 Call him ‘Old Ironsides’ rather, and you convey a more specific idea of his physical condition.

1962 E. R. Vincent tr. G. C. Abba Diary of One of Garibaldi's Thousand 82 At the head of the cortège of mourners came Türr, an ironside, not made to show sorrow but so dejected that he seemed on his way to his own death.

a. (An epithet of) Oliver Cromwell. Also preceded by old. Frequently in plural in same sense.The name is Royalist in origin (see quots. 1644 and 1647).

ΚΠ

1644 Mercurius Civicus 19–26 Sept. 658 We had intelligence that Lieutenant Gen. Cromwell alia Ironside (for that title was given him by P[rince] Rupert after his defeate neere York) was about Redding with 2500 horse.

1645 Relation of Victory on Naseby Field in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1899) 14 17 News being brought them..that Ironsides was comming to joyne with the Parliament's Army.

1647 J. Ricraft Surv. Englands Champions xx. 68 For his gallant actions, the Cavaliers have..given him a new name, called Old Iron sides.

1663 J. Heath Flagellum 29 Cromwell..made a very great Slaughter..gaining here the Title of Ironsides from the impenetrable strength of his Troops, which could by no means be broken or divided.

1724 I. Kimber Life O. Cromwell i. ii. 10 Cromwell was greatly cry'd up for his Bravery and Conduct, and gain'd the Name of Ironsides from the impenetrable Strength of his Troops.

1849 J. K. Paulding Puritan & his Daughter I. vi. 138 Old Ironsides, and his valiant psalm singers, after stripping him of his crown, bereft him of the head that wore it.

1902 Pall Mall Mag. Aug. 447/1 But in that fierce rush and recoil Ironside and his men took no part.

2002 Irish Times (Nexis) 9 Feb. (Weekend section) 58 The Irish had more reason than most to revile old Ironsides.

b. A member of Oliver Cromwell's cavalry; a Puritan soldier. Also in extended use. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > cavalry > other British

Ironside1648

yeomanry1794

yeomanry cavalry1794

yeos1831

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by nationality > [noun] > British > specific

redcoatc1605

cavalier1642

cavy1645

cave1661

peninsular1888

Ironside1889

Brodrick1903

Kitcheners1916

1648 T. Derton Let. July in Resol. Kings Subj. Cornwall 3 A great shout was given by the Souldiery,..saying, That Cromwell and his Iron sides were now taken.

1648 Let. 8 Aug. in Moderate 8–15 Aug. sig. E2 These Ironsides advancing, make them search every corner for securitie.

a1681 W. Lilly Hist. Life & Times (1715) 78 Sir Thomas Fairfax his Brigade of Horse, and Oliver Cromwell his Iron Sides; for Cromwell's Horse, in those Times, usually wore Head-pieces, Back and Breast-plates of Iron.

1750 Biographia Britannica III. 1546 Cromwell's cavalry, who were commonly stiled Ironsides, changed the fortune of the day.

1859 M. Thomson Story of Cawnpore iii. 48 I was there also when Havelock's Ironsides gave their entertainment, shattering to powder all that was fragile.

1863 E. Bulwer-Lytton Caxtoniana in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 154/2 It was not friendship that the Ironside felt for Cromwell, or the Cavalier for Charles.

1889 Dict. National Biogr. XVII. 111/1 With the dashing spirit of the cavalier the early Punjab officer united something of the earnestness of the Ironside.

1909 Daily Chron. 15 Dec. 5/2 Cromwell, the greatest ruler England ever had, was, with his glorious Ironsides, a Psalm-singer.

1921 J. Drinkwater Seeds of Time (1922) 38 You were An Ironside when Cromwell took the field.

1992 C. Carlton Going to Wars (1995) xiii. 333 The Ironsides who marched north across the border in the summer of 1650 did not think much of the Scots.

II. Other senses.

4. Chiefly with lower-case initial. A warship plated with iron; = ironclad n. 1. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > iron-clad or armoured ship

Ironside1861

armour-clad1862

ironclad1862

hog in armour1864

1861 Punch 19 Jan. 23/2 The introduction of the first of England's fleet of Ironsides to Father Thames.

1863 J. Cumming Driftwood, Seawood, & Fallen Leaves 3 Were Napoleon to send one of his ironsides into Portsmouth Harbour..he would confer a very great favour on that Press which he is usually so fond of snubbing.

1900 Morning Post 12 Sept. 3/5 British ships of every size and description have been familiar sights around the coast of Africa in recent times, and an ‘ironside’ was soon found to accommodate Mr. Darragh.

1998 H. Harrison Stars & Stripes Forever (1999) 178 Never saw an ironside like that English one before.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ironside
释义	Ironsiden. Brit. /ˈʌɪənsʌɪd/, U.S. /ˈaɪ(ə)rnˌsaɪd/ Forms: Old English Irensid, late Old English–Middle English Ireneside, late Old English–Middle English Irneside, Middle English Hirenside, Middle English Hyrneneside (in a late copy), Middle English Hyrneside, Middle English Irenside, Middle English Irensyde, Middle English Irinesyde, Middle English Yrenesyde, Middle English Yrensyde, Middle English Yrunside, Middle English–1500s Yronsyde, Middle English–1600s Ironsyde, 1500s Yronsyd, 1500s– Ironside. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: iron adj., side n.¹ Etymology: < iron adj. + side n.¹As an epithet of Edmund II (see sense 1), the word is recorded earliest some time after his death in an annal dated 1057, written in a hand of the second half of the 11th cent. (see quot. OE at sense 1), but the byname may well be contemporary. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chron., Edmund was so named because of his valour, probably with reference to his resistance to the invasion of Cnut in 1015–16. (In form Irensid perhaps showing a compound inflected as a strong masculine, in contrast to the usual weak feminine inflection of sīde side n.¹) Compare post-classical Latin ferreum latus , also as latus ferreum (a1095 as an epithet of Edmund II). Compare also Middle English Edmund with þe irene side (a1400). Perhaps compare also the byname of Björn Ironside (compare quot. 1796 at sense 2), a semi-legendary king of Sweden, reputed to have lived in the mid 9th cent., whose name is attested earliest in post-classical Latin form as Bier Costae Ferreae (second half of the 11th cent. in William of Jumièges) and only later in Scandinavian sources, e.g. as Old Icelandic Bjǫrn Járnsíða (in Ragnars saga). The byname is alleged to refer to his magical invulnerability. Earlier currency of sense 2 is perhaps implied by the surnames Irneside (1330–4), Joh. Irenside (1333–4); compare also the surname evidence cited at ironen adj. Sense 3b, as applied to Cromwell's cavalry, may perhaps have developed from an earlier genitive construction Ironside's men ; compare the Queen's , Prince of Wales's , and similar modern titles of regiments. See also W. G. Ross Oliver Cromwell & his ‘Ironsides’ (1889) 19. With form Hyrneneside compare ironen adj. I. Senses relating to a person. 1. (An epithet of) Edmund II, king of England (reigned 1016). Also in plural in same sense. ΚΠ OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1057 Her com Eadward æþeling to Englalande, se wæs Eadwerdes broðor sunu kynges, Eadmund cing, Irensid wæs geclypod for his snellscipe. lOE William of Malmesbury Gesta Regum Anglorum (1998) I. ii. §179. 312 Iste Edmundus..predicandae indolis iuuuenis, magni roboris et animo et corpore, et propter hoc ab Anglis Ireneside, id est Ferreum latus, nuncupatus. a1259 M. Paris Chronica Majora (Corpus Cambr. 16) (1872) I. 493 (MED) Filius regis Eadmundus, quem gens Anglorum propter magni roboris mentis simul et corporis strenuitatem Irene-side, id est, latus ferreum, nuncupabant. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 6084 Is eldoste sone, Edmond yrene syde, Vor he was hardi & god kniȝt, at hom he let abide. c1367 in F. C. Haydon Eulogium Historiarum sive Temporis (1863) III. 24 Eldredus etiam duos generavit filios; nomen primi est Edmundus, vocabulo Irenside [v.r. Yrensyde]. 1480 Cronicles Eng. (Caxton) cxv. sig. g2 This kyng Eldred wedded an Englissh woman and on hir begate Edmond Irenside. ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. E.v Kanutus after the deth of Edmond yronsyd was sole kyng of the hole realme of Englond. 1598 F. Hastings Watch-word to English-men 51 Some trayterous plot, or other, to dispatch king Edmunde, surnamed Iron syde, out of the waye. 1660 Mrs. Rump (single sheet) And I murthered my King Edmond Iron-sides. 1726 Grand Myst. 8 Edmund Ironsides, the most Valiant of our Kings. 1791 Edwy II. xii. 107 I had indeed forgot me, nor remembered that a son of Edmund Ironsides was still in being. 1856 C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. I. xiii. 171 There was a legitimate heir to the throne in Hungary—Edward, the son of the brave Ironside. 1901 N.Y. Times 9 Feb. 90 Edmund, called ‘Ironside’, Ethelred's son. 2009 T. Bolton Empire Cnut the Great i. 10 A decisive split appeared between Æthelred and his immediate heir, Edmund Ironside, in 1015. 2. gen. (A name for) a person of great physical or mental strength. Also in plural in same sense. Now rare.Sometimes influenced by sense 3a. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero > person of mettle heart1340 heart of oakc1384 bolda1400 doughtya1400 stalworthc1400 sternc1400 Ironsidea1470 stalwart1508 galliard1532 lada1556 stoutheart1556 hardydardy1593 valour1609 valiant1610 fireman1648 hearty1790 my (also me) hearty1839 the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > robustness > person stalworthc1400 Ironsidea1470 stalwart1508 iron man1643 pine knot1836 iron woman1900 hard rock1922 toughie1929 tough guy1932 hard-ass1962 hardbody1980 a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 337 I am called the Rede Knyght of the Rede Laundis, but my name is sir Ironsyde. a1635 R. Corbet To Lord Mordant in Certain Elegant Poems (1647) 38 One [of the guard at Windsor] I remember with a grizled beard,..This Iron side takes hold, and suddenly Hurles me..Some twelve foot by the square. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Acts xix. 9) So indefatigable a preacher was Paul, a very..iron-sides. 1660 R. Burney Κέρδιστον Δῶρον 97 Henrie the 8..who appear'd an ironsides against the Principalities of darknesse. 1796 Archaeologia 12 314 His work begins with the irruption of the first Normans under the conduct of Hasting and Bier, surnamed Ironside. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 30 Mar. 1/3 Mrs. Parnell..was her father's child, and he had won for himself the appellation of Ironsides, as a testimony to the strength of his character and the resolution with which he pursued the British Fleet in those days of trouble between Great Britain and America. 1919 Alumni Q. (Univ. Illinois) 1 Dec. 51/3 Call him ‘Old Ironsides’ rather, and you convey a more specific idea of his physical condition. 1962 E. R. Vincent tr. G. C. Abba Diary of One of Garibaldi's Thousand 82 At the head of the cortège of mourners came Türr, an ironside, not made to show sorrow but so dejected that he seemed on his way to his own death. 3. a. (An epithet of) Oliver Cromwell. Also preceded by old. Frequently in plural in same sense.The name is Royalist in origin (see quots. 1644 and 1647). ΚΠ 1644 Mercurius Civicus 19–26 Sept. 658 We had intelligence that Lieutenant Gen. Cromwell alia Ironside (for that title was given him by P[rince] Rupert after his defeate neere York) was about Redding with 2500 horse. 1645 Relation of Victory on Naseby Field in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1899) 14 17 News being brought them..that Ironsides was comming to joyne with the Parliament's Army. 1647 J. Ricraft Surv. Englands Champions xx. 68 For his gallant actions, the Cavaliers have..given him a new name, called Old Iron sides. 1663 J. Heath Flagellum 29 Cromwell..made a very great Slaughter..gaining here the Title of Ironsides from the impenetrable strength of his Troops, which could by no means be broken or divided. 1724 I. Kimber Life O. Cromwell i. ii. 10 Cromwell was greatly cry'd up for his Bravery and Conduct, and gain'd the Name of Ironsides from the impenetrable Strength of his Troops. 1849 J. K. Paulding Puritan & his Daughter I. vi. 138 Old Ironsides, and his valiant psalm singers, after stripping him of his crown, bereft him of the head that wore it. 1902 Pall Mall Mag. Aug. 447/1 But in that fierce rush and recoil Ironside and his men took no part. 2002 Irish Times (Nexis) 9 Feb. (Weekend section) 58 The Irish had more reason than most to revile old Ironsides. b. A member of Oliver Cromwell's cavalry; a Puritan soldier. Also in extended use. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > cavalry > other British Ironside1648 yeomanry1794 yeomanry cavalry1794 yeos1831 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by nationality > [noun] > British > specific redcoatc1605 cavalier1642 cavy1645 cave1661 peninsular1888 Ironside1889 Brodrick1903 Kitcheners1916 1648 T. Derton Let. July in Resol. Kings Subj. Cornwall 3 A great shout was given by the Souldiery,..saying, That Cromwell and his Iron sides were now taken. 1648 Let. 8 Aug. in Moderate 8–15 Aug. sig. E2 These Ironsides advancing, make them search every corner for securitie. a1681 W. Lilly Hist. Life & Times (1715) 78 Sir Thomas Fairfax his Brigade of Horse, and Oliver Cromwell his Iron Sides; for Cromwell's Horse, in those Times, usually wore Head-pieces, Back and Breast-plates of Iron. 1750 Biographia Britannica III. 1546 Cromwell's cavalry, who were commonly stiled Ironsides, changed the fortune of the day. 1859 M. Thomson Story of Cawnpore iii. 48 I was there also when Havelock's Ironsides gave their entertainment, shattering to powder all that was fragile. 1863 E. Bulwer-Lytton Caxtoniana in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 154/2 It was not friendship that the Ironside felt for Cromwell, or the Cavalier for Charles. 1889 Dict. National Biogr. XVII. 111/1 With the dashing spirit of the cavalier the early Punjab officer united something of the earnestness of the Ironside. 1909 Daily Chron. 15 Dec. 5/2 Cromwell, the greatest ruler England ever had, was, with his glorious Ironsides, a Psalm-singer. 1921 J. Drinkwater Seeds of Time (1922) 38 You were An Ironside when Cromwell took the field. 1992 C. Carlton Going to Wars (1995) xiii. 333 The Ironsides who marched north across the border in the summer of 1650 did not think much of the Scots. II. Other senses. 4. Chiefly with lower-case initial. A warship plated with iron; = ironclad n. 1. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > iron-clad or armoured ship Ironside1861 armour-clad1862 ironclad1862 hog in armour1864 1861 Punch 19 Jan. 23/2 The introduction of the first of England's fleet of Ironsides to Father Thames. 1863 J. Cumming Driftwood, Seawood, & Fallen Leaves 3 Were Napoleon to send one of his ironsides into Portsmouth Harbour..he would confer a very great favour on that Press which he is usually so fond of snubbing. 1900 Morning Post 12 Sept. 3/5 British ships of every size and description have been familiar sights around the coast of Africa in recent times, and an ‘ironside’ was soon found to accommodate Mr. Darragh. 1998 H. Harrison Stars & Stripes Forever (1999) 178 Never saw an ironside like that English one before. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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