Justice of the Peacen.

Brit.

/ˌdʒʌstᵻs əv ðə ˈpiːs/, U.S.

/ˈdʒəstəs əv ðə ˈpis/

Forms:

α. see justice n. and of prep. and peace n.

β. see justice n. and of prep. and the adj., pron.², and n.¹ and peace n.

Also with lower-case initials.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: justice n., of prep., peace n., the adj.

Etymology: In α. forms < justice n. + of prep. + peace n., after Anglo-Norman justice de paix (a1404 or earlier). In β. forms < justice n. + of prep. + the adj. + peace n., after Anglo-Norman justice de la pees (1362 or earlier). Compare post-classical Latin justitiarius pacis (from 14th cent. in British sources).

A magistrate appointed to hear minor cases, grant licences, etc., in a town, county, or other local district, esp. an unpaid or (now) unsalaried one, usually without formal legal qualifications. Abbreviated J.P.Justices of the Peace were first appointed in England in 1327. The name of the office refers to the fact that a Royal ‘commission of the peace’ requires holders of the office to assist in preserving the peace. The main duties of Justices of the Peace today involve hearing trials for a wide range of criminal offences and imposing sentences on conviction, committing defendants to trial before a judge and jury in more serious cases, hearing certain matters relating to families and children, and administering the licensing system. Lay Justices of the Peace (also known as ‘magistrates’) are volunteers without any legal qualification; the official title of a professional Justice of the Peace is ‘District Judge (Magistrates' Courts)’.In the United States not all states have Justices of the Peace. Where they exist, most Justices of the Peace have local jurisdiction in rural or suburban areas and preside over courts run on less formal lines than most others. Officers are usually elected for a limited term and act as judges in minor civil and criminal cases, with duties that include dealing with traffic violations, administering oaths, and conducting marriages. In Canada Justices of the Peace have a wide range of responsibilities at provincial level.Various other countries whose legal system was wholly or partly inherited from the United Kingdom have also used Justices of the Peace, but the office has largely been reduced to an honorific or administrative one and the role replaced for judicial purposes by that of magistrate.Justice of the Peace is also used as a translation equivalent in referring to some non-English-speaking jurisdictions.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun]

justicea1225

magistratec1384

Justice of the Peace1423

justiciary1548

justicer1550

justiciar?1550

law-keeper1644

law-officer (of the Crown)1781

worshipful1807

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > Justice of the peace or district magistrate

Justice of the Peace1423

justice1509

conservator of the peacea1513

Warden of the Peace1543

Guardian of the Peace1581

mittimus1630

magistrate1727

J.P.1732

beak1799

county commissioner1809

bubble and squeak1935

1423–4 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1423 §56. m. 31 Justices of pees..shuld examen all manere of servauntz in her countees.

1439–40 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1439 §63. m. 1 Þat justicez of þee pees have power to enquer therof.

1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xvi. f. xciiii^v What harme myghte any iustyce of the peace do, yf he were dysposed to be false and parcyall?

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. O6 Maye they bee Iustices of peace, Iustices of Quorum, Iustices of Assises.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 57 I am Robart Shallowe..a poore Esquier of this Countie, and one of the Kings iustices of the peace.

1663 S. Pepys Diary 17 Mar. (1971) IV. 78 Our patent to be Justices of the Peace in the City.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 130. ¶1 My Friend was in some Doubt whether he should not exert the Justice of the Peace upon such a Band of lawless Vagrants.

1766 T. Whately Considerations Trade & Finances this Kingdom 113 The Jurisdiction of Justices of the Peace in America..is..transferred to the Courts of Admiralty, as being more proper Judges in Crown-Causes than Magistrates elected by the People.

1797 Gentleman's Mag. June 503/1 But what is the efficacy of law or justice in the present state of France, where justices of the peace cannot keep the peace.

1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well III. vi. 145 You will answer the purpose a great deal better..providing you are a Justice of Peace.

1861 Solicitors' Jrnl. & Reporter 19 Jan. 208/1 A person charged in Canada with committing in the United States..any of the offences mentioned in the treaty of extradition.., is to be brought before a judge or justice of the peace in Canada.

1890 J. Smillie Descriptive Austral. & Federal Guide 158 He..is one of the oldest justices of the peace in South Australia.

1927 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 9 June 1/3 The complaint asserts that Justice of the Peace Murphy was introduced to Frank E. Howell, former deputy sheriff.

1960 R. A. Pierce Russ. Central Asia, 1867–1917: Study in Colonial Rule i. iv. 73 In Central Asia,..the justices of the peace were appointed by the military governors.

2001 B. Gibson & W. Gordon Introd. Magistrates' Court (ed. 4) 169/1 ‘Magistrate’ and ‘justice of the peace’ (or JP) are interchangeable.

Derivatives

Justice of the ˈPeace-ship n. (also †Justice-of-Peace-ship) [after justiceship n.] the position or office of Justice of the Peace.

ΚΠ

1614 T. Overbury et al. Characters in Wife now Widow (5th impr.) sig. F3 The stating him in a Iustice of peace-ship.

1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens 42 Taken vp with Secular, or State affaires: with Pauls, or Westminster Hall: with some Iustice of Peace-ship or other.

1715 Let. from Country Whig (ed. 2) 86 Removing them..from their Lieutenancy, Justice of Peaceship, or Magistracy in Corporations.

1845 Morning Post 27 Oct. 4/2 Some of those are unwilling, perhaps, to lose their dignity of a justice of the peaceship.

1880 N.Z. Parl. Deb. 35 671/2 There was a book kept open in Sir William Fox's office, where any body could put down whom he liked for a Justice of the Peace-ship.

1907 Law Mag. & Rev. 33 23 The accretions of centuries have made the justice-of-the-peace-ship a diversified office.

2002 Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 14 Mar. 1 e After he got his justice of the peace-ship, I asked him if he would marry us.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	justice of the peace
释义	Justice of the Peacen. Brit. /ˌdʒʌstᵻs əv ðə ˈpiːs/, U.S. /ˈdʒəstəs əv ðə ˈpis/ Forms: α. see justice n. and of prep. and peace n. β. see justice n. and of prep. and the adj., pron.², and n.¹ and peace n. Also with lower-case initials. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: justice n., of prep., peace n., the adj. Etymology: In α. forms < justice n. + of prep. + peace n., after Anglo-Norman justice de paix (a1404 or earlier). In β. forms < justice n. + of prep. + the adj. + peace n., after Anglo-Norman justice de la pees (1362 or earlier). Compare post-classical Latin justitiarius pacis (from 14th cent. in British sources). A magistrate appointed to hear minor cases, grant licences, etc., in a town, county, or other local district, esp. an unpaid or (now) unsalaried one, usually without formal legal qualifications. Abbreviated J.P.Justices of the Peace were first appointed in England in 1327. The name of the office refers to the fact that a Royal ‘commission of the peace’ requires holders of the office to assist in preserving the peace. The main duties of Justices of the Peace today involve hearing trials for a wide range of criminal offences and imposing sentences on conviction, committing defendants to trial before a judge and jury in more serious cases, hearing certain matters relating to families and children, and administering the licensing system. Lay Justices of the Peace (also known as ‘magistrates’) are volunteers without any legal qualification; the official title of a professional Justice of the Peace is ‘District Judge (Magistrates' Courts)’.In the United States not all states have Justices of the Peace. Where they exist, most Justices of the Peace have local jurisdiction in rural or suburban areas and preside over courts run on less formal lines than most others. Officers are usually elected for a limited term and act as judges in minor civil and criminal cases, with duties that include dealing with traffic violations, administering oaths, and conducting marriages. In Canada Justices of the Peace have a wide range of responsibilities at provincial level.Various other countries whose legal system was wholly or partly inherited from the United Kingdom have also used Justices of the Peace, but the office has largely been reduced to an honorific or administrative one and the role replaced for judicial purposes by that of magistrate.Justice of the Peace is also used as a translation equivalent in referring to some non-English-speaking jurisdictions. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] justicea1225 magistratec1384 Justice of the Peace1423 justiciary1548 justicer1550 justiciar?1550 law-keeper1644 law-officer (of the Crown)1781 worshipful1807 society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > Justice of the peace or district magistrate Justice of the Peace1423 justice1509 conservator of the peacea1513 Warden of the Peace1543 Guardian of the Peace1581 mittimus1630 magistrate1727 J.P.1732 beak1799 county commissioner1809 bubble and squeak1935 1423–4 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1423 §56. m. 31 Justices of pees..shuld examen all manere of servauntz in her countees. 1439–40 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1439 §63. m. 1 Þat justicez of þee pees have power to enquer therof. 1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xvi. f. xciiii^v What harme myghte any iustyce of the peace do, yf he were dysposed to be false and parcyall? 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. O6 Maye they bee Iustices of peace, Iustices of Quorum, Iustices of Assises. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 57 I am Robart Shallowe..a poore Esquier of this Countie, and one of the Kings iustices of the peace. View more context for this quotation 1663 S. Pepys Diary 17 Mar. (1971) IV. 78 Our patent to be Justices of the Peace in the City. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 130. ¶1 My Friend was in some Doubt whether he should not exert the Justice of the Peace upon such a Band of lawless Vagrants. 1766 T. Whately Considerations Trade & Finances this Kingdom 113 The Jurisdiction of Justices of the Peace in America..is..transferred to the Courts of Admiralty, as being more proper Judges in Crown-Causes than Magistrates elected by the People. 1797 Gentleman's Mag. June 503/1 But what is the efficacy of law or justice in the present state of France, where justices of the peace cannot keep the peace. 1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well III. vi. 145 You will answer the purpose a great deal better..providing you are a Justice of Peace. 1861 Solicitors' Jrnl. & Reporter 19 Jan. 208/1 A person charged in Canada with committing in the United States..any of the offences mentioned in the treaty of extradition.., is to be brought before a judge or justice of the peace in Canada. 1890 J. Smillie Descriptive Austral. & Federal Guide 158 He..is one of the oldest justices of the peace in South Australia. 1927 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 9 June 1/3 The complaint asserts that Justice of the Peace Murphy was introduced to Frank E. Howell, former deputy sheriff. 1960 R. A. Pierce Russ. Central Asia, 1867–1917: Study in Colonial Rule i. iv. 73 In Central Asia,..the justices of the peace were appointed by the military governors. 2001 B. Gibson & W. Gordon Introd. Magistrates' Court (ed. 4) 169/1 ‘Magistrate’ and ‘justice of the peace’ (or JP) are interchangeable. Derivatives Justice of the ˈPeace-ship n. (also †Justice-of-Peace-ship) [after justiceship n.] the position or office of Justice of the Peace. ΚΠ 1614 T. Overbury et al. Characters in Wife now Widow (5th impr.) sig. F3 The stating him in a Iustice of peace-ship. 1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens 42 Taken vp with Secular, or State affaires: with Pauls, or Westminster Hall: with some Iustice of Peace-ship or other. 1715 Let. from Country Whig (ed. 2) 86 Removing them..from their Lieutenancy, Justice of Peaceship, or Magistracy in Corporations. 1845 Morning Post 27 Oct. 4/2 Some of those are unwilling, perhaps, to lose their dignity of a justice of the peaceship. 1880 N.Z. Parl. Deb. 35 671/2 There was a book kept open in Sir William Fox's office, where any body could put down whom he liked for a Justice of the Peace-ship. 1907 Law Mag. & Rev. 33 23 The accretions of centuries have made the justice-of-the-peace-ship a diversified office. 2002 Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 14 Mar. 1 e After he got his justice of the peace-ship, I asked him if he would marry us. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1423
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