kirkwardn.¹adv.adj.

Brit.

/ˈkəːkwəd/, U.S.

/ˈkərkwərd/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: kirk n., -ward suffix.

Etymology: < kirk n. + -ward suffix. Compare earlier churchward n.², adv., and adj.

Now rare.

†A. n.¹

The direction of a church; = churchward n.² Only in prepositional phrases, esp. in to kirkward. Obsolete (archaic and poetic in later use).

ΚΠ

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. B.15.17) (1975) B. v. l. 297 Now bigynneþ Gloton for to go to shrifte And karieþ [read kaireþ] hym to kirkeward his coupe to shewe.

1420 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 16 (MED) At the hall head to the kyrkward, the heirs..sall bryng furthe..thayre water into the foresayd gutter.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 285 (MED) He mett his wife fro þe kurkward.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 323 (MED) A..man folowid Saynt Martyn vnto þe kurk-ward.

1857 T. W. Parsons Rosary in Putnam's Monthly May 503 She was a generous, discreet, And much-enduring mother, Who early trained my little feet To kirkward with my brother.

1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell i. iii. 53 We have heard A priest of theirs cast for incontinence Hardly with thrice purgation of his shame Redeemed himself to kirkward.

B. adv.

Scottish. Towards or in the direction of a church; = churchward adv.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > church or place of worship > [adverb] > towards the church

to churchwardc1330

churchward1710

kirkwarda1810

churchwards1824

a1810 R. Tannahill Poems & Songs (1874) 43 Loud sounds the deep-mouth'd parish-bell, Religion kirkward hies, John lies in bed and counts each knell, And thinks 'tis time to rise.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 71 Six braw gentlemen Kirkward shall carry ye.

1896 Cosmopolitan Aug. 386/2 Ministers, professors, and great congregations of all sorts and conditions of men were walking sedately kirkward.

1904 E. Rickert Reaper i. 13 He knew well enough that they were his forebears, kirkward bent.

C. adj.

Scottish. Directed or moving towards a church. Cf. churchward adj.

ΚΠ

1829 London Mag. May 469 She found, on arriving in the town, that the stream of kirkward people set but in one direction.

a1847 G. Menzies Poems (1854) 149 Ambush'd foemen watch'd About the kirk ward track.

1887 R. L. Stevenson Underwoods ii. v. 91 Our Marg'et,..White-ankled, leads the kirkward pack Wi' Dauvit Groats.

1934 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ in ‘L. G. Gibbon’ & ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Sc. Scene 318 There is still the trickle of the kirkward folk on a Sabbath morning in summer.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† kirkwardn.²

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: kirk n., ward n.¹

Etymology: < kirk n. + ward n.¹, probably intended as an archaizing alteration of churchward n.¹

historical. Obsolete. rare.

= churchward n.¹

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun]

reeveeOE

kirkmaster1429

church reeve1433

warden1439

kirkreeve1442

churchwarden1443

churchman1457

churchmaster1484

churchward1496

kirkwarden1500

herenach1607

chapelwarden1688

kirkward1883

1883 I. G. Smith & P. Onslow Worcester iii. 31 Winsige, the kirkward of St. Peter's, peaceably handed over the keys, deeds, &c., of his college, and..was duly installed abbat of St. Mary's.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online September 2019).

单词	kirkward
释义	kirkwardn.¹adv.adj. Brit. /ˈkəːkwəd/, U.S. /ˈkərkwərd/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: kirk n., -ward suffix. Etymology: < kirk n. + -ward suffix. Compare earlier churchward n.², adv., and adj. Now rare. †A. n.¹ The direction of a church; = churchward n.² Only in prepositional phrases, esp. in to kirkward. Obsolete (archaic and poetic in later use). ΚΠ c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. B.15.17) (1975) B. v. l. 297 Now bigynneþ Gloton for to go to shrifte And karieþ [read kaireþ] hym to kirkeward his coupe to shewe. 1420 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 16 (MED) At the hall head to the kyrkward, the heirs..sall bryng furthe..thayre water into the foresayd gutter. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 285 (MED) He mett his wife fro þe kurkward. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 323 (MED) A..man folowid Saynt Martyn vnto þe kurk-ward. 1857 T. W. Parsons Rosary in Putnam's Monthly May 503 She was a generous, discreet, And much-enduring mother, Who early trained my little feet To kirkward with my brother. 1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell i. iii. 53 We have heard A priest of theirs cast for incontinence Hardly with thrice purgation of his shame Redeemed himself to kirkward. B. adv. Scottish. Towards or in the direction of a church; = churchward adv. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > church or place of worship > [adverb] > towards the church to churchwardc1330 churchward1710 kirkwarda1810 churchwards1824 a1810 R. Tannahill Poems & Songs (1874) 43 Loud sounds the deep-mouth'd parish-bell, Religion kirkward hies, John lies in bed and counts each knell, And thinks 'tis time to rise. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 71 Six braw gentlemen Kirkward shall carry ye. 1896 Cosmopolitan Aug. 386/2 Ministers, professors, and great congregations of all sorts and conditions of men were walking sedately kirkward. 1904 E. Rickert Reaper i. 13 He knew well enough that they were his forebears, kirkward bent. C. adj. Scottish. Directed or moving towards a church. Cf. churchward adj. ΚΠ 1829 London Mag. May 469 She found, on arriving in the town, that the stream of kirkward people set but in one direction. a1847 G. Menzies Poems (1854) 149 Ambush'd foemen watch'd About the kirk ward track. 1887 R. L. Stevenson Underwoods ii. v. 91 Our Marg'et,..White-ankled, leads the kirkward pack Wi' Dauvit Groats. 1934 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ in ‘L. G. Gibbon’ & ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Sc. Scene 318 There is still the trickle of the kirkward folk on a Sabbath morning in summer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † kirkwardn.² Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: kirk n., ward n.¹ Etymology: < kirk n. + ward n.¹, probably intended as an archaizing alteration of churchward n.¹ historical. Obsolete. rare. = churchward n.¹ ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun] reeveeOE kirkmaster1429 church reeve1433 warden1439 kirkreeve1442 churchwarden1443 churchman1457 churchmaster1484 churchward1496 kirkwarden1500 herenach1607 chapelwarden1688 kirkward1883 1883 I. G. Smith & P. Onslow Worcester iii. 31 Winsige, the kirkward of St. Peter's, peaceably handed over the keys, deeds, &c., of his college, and..was duly installed abbat of St. Mary's. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < n.¹adv.adj.c1400n.²1883
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kirkwardn.1adv.adj.

† kirkwardn.2

kirkwardn.¹adv.adj.

† kirkwardn.²