loafn.¹

Brit.

/ləʊf/, U.S.

/loʊf/

Forms: Plural loaves /ləʊvz/. Forms: singular Old English hláf, Middle English laf, Middle English lof, Middle English loof, (Middle English lhoue), Middle English layf, Scottish lafe, loofe, looff, Middle English–1500s lofe, loffe, 1500s–1600s loafe, 1700s Scottish leaf, 1600s– loaf; plural Old English hláfas, Middle English Orm. lafess, Middle English, 1500s Scottish laves, Middle English lafes, lavis, lavys, Scottish lafis, lawis, Middle English–1600s loves, Middle English lofes, looves, Middle English lofis, lovis, loovys, Middle English loofes, looffis, lovys, Scottish laffis, 1600s loafs, loafes, 1500s– loaves.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English hláf (masculine) = Old High German and Middle High German leip , inflected leib- , bread, loaf (modern German laib , also written leib , loaf), Old Norse hleif-r loaf (Danish, Middle Swedish lev ), Gothic hlaif-s bread (whence ga-hlaiba messmate, comrade, = Old High German gileipo , which seems to have suggested the equivalent late Latin compānio companion n.¹) < Old Germanic *hlaiƀo-z. Whether the sense of ‘bread’ or that of ‘loaf’ is the earlier is uncertain, as the ulterior etymology is obscure. For many doubtful conjectures see Uhlenbeck Gotische Etymologie s.v. hlaifs. Some have suggested connection with Old English hlífian to rise high, tower, the reference being supposed to be to the ‘rising’ of leavened bread. Outside Germanic the following synonymous words are certainly in some way connected (most probably adopted < Germanic): Old Church Slavonic χlěbŭ (Russian hleb), Lithuanian kepalas, Latvian klaips, Finnish leipä, Estonian leip. It has been supposed by some that the initial element in German lebkuchen, lebzelter, gingerbread, is an ablaut-variant of this word.

1. Bread. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun]

breadeOE

loafc950

painc1400

pannam1567

the staff of life1638

batch1648

buster1835

rooty1846

breadstuff1856

needle and thread1859

punk1891

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vi. 11 Hlaf userne ofer wistlic sel us todæg.

c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 322 And eton hig þeorfne hlaf mid grenum lactucam.

a1175 Cott. Hom. 227 He hi afedde feortiȝ wintre mid hefenlice hlafe.

a1861 J. Hunter MS Gloss. in S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield (1888) (at cited word) People say ‘some loaf’, as well as ‘some bread’.

figurative.c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John vi. 48 Ic am hlaf lifes.

a. A portion of bread baked in one mass; one of the portions, of uniform size and shape, into which a batch of bread is divided. Also with qualifying word, as barley loaf, bran loaf, cottage loaf, household loaf, tin loaf, tinned loaf, white loaf, for which see the first element. brown loaf, a loaf of brown bread n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun]

loafc950

mitch1282

breadc1400

panifice1656

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > pan- or tin-loaf

tinned loafc950

brick1698

brick loaf1723

brick bread1762

pan-loaf1846

pan bread1856

tin-loaf1858

tin1957

pan1978

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > other types of loaf

white loafeOE

barley loafc950

French loafc1350

pease loafc1390

penny loaf1418

jannock?a1500

household loaf1565

boon-loaf1679

farmhouse loaf1795

cottage loaf1829

potato loaf1831

sod1836

Coburg1843

sweet roll1851

stale1874

Hovis1890

Sally Lunn1901

bloomer loaf1937

wholemeal1957

baguette1958

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xiv. 17 Nabbas we her buta fif hlafum & tuoeg fisces.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11788 Þurrh þatt te laþe gast himm badd Off staness makenn lafess.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 82 Þe wyfman grat myd childe þet more hi uynt smak in ane zoure epple þanne ine ane huetene lhoue.

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 69 How many hynen in my fadirs hous ben ful of loves, and Y perishe here for hungre.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 150 A loof oþer half a loof oþer a lompe of chese.

a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 64 His poore y schal fylle wiþ lofes.

c1440 Douce MS 55 lf. 6 b Take a lofe of white brede & stepp hit with the brothe.

1485 in Descr. Cal. Anc. Deeds I. (1890) 358 And iiij loves of the secunde brede wekely, every love weyng too pondes.

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. 13^v, in Bulwarke of Defence The best bread is that, that is of a daie old: and the loves or manchedes, maie neither be great nor little.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings iv. 42 Bread of the first fruits, twentie loaues of barley.

a1643 W. Cartwright Lady-errant v. i, in Comedies (1651) sig. e3^v Just as so much Quick-silver Is put into hot Loves, to make 'em dance As long as th' heat continues.

1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. vi. 33 It was the custom to make one great loaf.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 107 Bread was the scarcest article at the banquet, but the Glover and his patron Niel were served with two small loaves.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 243 Kneading the flour, making noble puddings and loaves.

figurative.1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Num. xxiii. 1) 48 A loafe of the same leaven, was that resolute Rufus.Proverbial.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Div^v For better is halfe a lofe then no bread.1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. i. 87 Easie it is, Of a cut loafe to steale a shiue we know. 1687 W. Penn Good Advice to Church of Eng. 43 And then she will think that half a Loaf had been better then no Bread.1758 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 13 June (1932) (modernized text) V. 2311 The lady has wanted a man so long, that she now compounds for half a one. Half a loaf——.1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) To be in bad loaf, to be in a disagreeable situation, in trouble.

b. †assize loaf, a loaf of the weight fixed by the assize of bread (31 Geo. II. c. 29). †church loaf = holy loaf n. †prized loaf, a loaf of the price fixed by the assize of bread. †St. Stephen's loaf, a stone. Also holy loaf n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun] > for non-communicants

holy breada1300

church loaf1499

holy loaf1499

eulogy1709

eulogia1728

antidoron1850

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun]

stonec888

honeeOE

flintc1300

rock1677

St. Stephen's loaf1694

dornick1840

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > loaves of specific weight

peck-loafa1627

quartern loaf?1711

assize loaf1762

prized loaf1762

quartern1843

four-pounder1855

sixer1877

1499 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 24 Paid W. Toyt for tyndyng of the lyght and the church loffe.

1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. ix He took up one of St. Stephens's Loaves, alias a Stone, and was going to hit him with it.

1762 Act 3 Geo. III c. 11 No Assize Loaves of the Price of three Pence, and prized Loaves called Half Quartern Loaves,..shall..in any Place be made for Sale [etc.].

c. loaves and fishes (figurative phrase, after John vi. 26): pecuniary advantages as a motive for religious profession (or, occasionally, for display of public spirit); the emoluments of ecclesiastical office.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > profit > [noun] > profit as motive > religious or ecclesiastical

loaves and fishes1612

1612 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. I. i. iii. 205 If it were not for the loaues and fishes, the traine of Christ would bee lesse.

1799 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 300 Their seducers have wished war..for the loaves and fishes which arise out of war expenses.

1823 Ld. Byron Age of Bronze xiv. 29 ‘The loaves and fishes’, once so high, Are gone.

1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. x. 85 Any clergyman..whose loaves and fishes are scanty.

d. oyster loaf, mushroom loaf: The crust of a loaf or roll of bread filled with a stuffing of oysters or mushrooms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > fish dishes > [noun] > shell-fish or crustacean dishes

musculadea1475

oyster loaf1747

clambake1835

lobster Newburg1914

tempura1920

moules marinière1928

scampi1930

lobster thermidor1933

shrimp cocktail1937

étouffée1958

chao tom1969

vongole1977

stuffie1980

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 99 To make Oyster-Loaves.

1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper xii. 264 To make Mushroom Loaves.

1837 B. Disraeli Venetia I. 32 A dish of oyster loaves.

e. Minced or chopped meat moulded into the shape of a loaf and cooked; generally eaten cold, in slices. Usually with qualifying word, as beef loaf, ham loaf, meat loaf, veal loaf.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > meat loaf

meat loaf1892

loaf1895

ham loaf1902

1787 Lady Newdigate Let. 21 Oct. in A. E. Newdigate-Newdegate Cheverels (1898) v. 71 We made an excellent Dinner upon our Cold Loaf.]

1895 ‘M. Ronald’ Cent. Cook Bk. 308 Liver loaf, or false pâté de foie gras..is better cold with salad, or used like pâté de foie gras. A loaf of any game may be made in the same way.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 558/2 Hamburger steak with onions, veal loaf, ham loaf.

1907 Daily Chron. 23 Sept. 7/5 Veal loaf, ham loaf, beef loaf.

1939 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Journey to War 90 We had fruit-juice, meat-loaf, salad and cake.

1964 J. Masters Trial at Monomoy iv. 140 She stared at rows of Spam, corned beef, meat loaf, ham loaf.

1975 Times 7 Mar. 5/2 She recommended home-made vegetable soup and meat loaf, followed by apple or rhubarb crumble.

f. slang. [Probably < loaf of bread, rhyming slang for ‘head’.] The (human) head; hence, the mind, common sense; esp. in to use one's loaf.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > [noun]

nolleOE

headOE

topa1225

copc1264

scalpa1300

chiefc1330

crownc1330

jowla1400

poll?a1400

testea1400

ball in the hoodc1400

palleta1425

noddle?1507

costard?1515

nab?1536

neck1560

coxcomb1567

sconce1567

now1568

headpiece1579

mazer1581

mazardc1595

cockcomb1602

costrel1604

cranion1611

pasha1616

noddle pate1622

block1635

cranium1647

sallet1652

poundrel1664

nob1699

crany?1730

knowledge box1755

noodle1762

noggin1769

napper1785

garret1796

pimple1811

knowledge-casket1822

coco1828

cobbra1832

coconut1834

top-piece1838

nut1841

barnet1857

twopenny1859

chump1864

topknot1869

conk1870

masthead1884

filbert1886

bonce1889

crumpet1891

dome1891

roof1897

beanc1905

belfry1907

hat rack1907

melon1907

box1908

lemon1923

loaf1925

pound1933

sconec1945

nana1966

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > common sense > [noun]

witc1175

sensea1382

conscience1449

mother witc1475

common wit1517

common sense1536

philosophy1557

good sense?1562

sconce1567

mother-sense1603

ingenuity1651

bonsense1681

rumgumption1686

nous1706

gumption?1719

rummlegumption1751

savvy1785

horse sense1832

kokum1848

sabe1872

common1899

marbles1902

gump1920

loaf1925

1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 145 Loaf, head, e.g., ‘Duck your loaf—i.e., keep your head below the parapet’.

1938 ‘J. Curtis’ They drive by Night xiv. 155 Bloody seconds counted in a job like this. You certainly had to use your loaf.

1943 J. L. Hunt & A. G. Pringle Service Slang 44 Use your loaf is the injunction often heard when someone is particularly slow in following orders. But this phrase, in its finer meanings, says: ‘Use your common sense. Interpret orders according to the situation as you find it, and don't follow the book of words too literally.’

1949 ‘N. Blake’ Head of Traveller ii. 36 Do try to use your loaf.

1957 P. Frankau Bridge 73 He uses his loaf where you and I just muddle along.

1971 B. W. Aldiss Soldier Erect 79 You want to use your bloody loaf, Stubbs, or we'll never win this war the way you're carrying on.

1973 Jewish Chron. 2 Feb. 12/1 Use your loaf. Didn't Sir Jack Cohen of Tesco..start the same way?

g. loaf o(f) bread: rhyming slang for ‘dead’.

ΚΠ

1930 J. Brophy & E. Partridge Songs & Slang Brit. Soldier: 1914–1918 137 Loaf o' Bread, dead.

1935 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Dog beneath Skin iii. i. 123 O how I cried when Alice died The day we were to have wed! We never had our Roasted Duck And now she's a Loaf of Bread.

3. A moulded conical mass of sugar; a sugar-loaf. (Cf. loaf sugar n.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > loaf-sugar

loaf1363

sugar-loaf1422

loaf sugarc1440

steeple sugar-loaf1649

bulldog1819

titler1819

1363–4 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 566 In 9 lb. Sucr. de Sipr. empt. in uno laf apud Ebor.

1373–4 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 578 In 2 lafes de Sugour ponder. 23 lib. quarteron empt...47s. 4d.

1440–1 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 78 Item 1 layf de suggir, 4s. 6d.

1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 98 The Isle of Tenerif, otherwise called the Pike, because it is a very high Island with a pike vpon the toppe like a loafe of Sugar.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 102 Here [i.e. at Bristol] I first saw the manner of refining Suggar, & casting it into loaves.

1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. Pref. 9 Refined loaves.

†4. A mass or lump (of anything). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > dense or compact

clota1000

massa1382

gobbetc1384

clustera1387

lumpa1400

wedge1577

loaf1598

knot1631

clumper1673

clue1674

clump1699

lob1825

wodge1847

nugget1851

density1858

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Phigethlo, a little swelling hard and red,..our chirurgions do call it a little loafe or manchet.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xii. 244 They put all the mettall into a cloth, which they straine out,..and the rest remaines as a loafe of silver.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Pain de moustarde, a loafe, or ball, of drie, or dried mustard.

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ix. 504/2 The Cakes [sc. of corrosive sublimate]..they call Loaves.

5. A ‘head’ (of a cabbage).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > cabbage or kale > head

loaf1819

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > leaf vegetables > [noun] > lettuce > head of lettuce

loaf1819

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > cabbage or kale > [noun] > cabbage > leaf or head

outside leaf1737

loaf1819

1585 [implied in: J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 128 Lactuca sessilis,..loafed or headed lettice. (at loafed adj.)].

1819 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. ii. iii. 149 All the plants from the English seed produced solid loaves by the 24th of June.

1829 W. Cobbett Eng. Gardener v. §129 When it [sc. the cabbage] makes its loaf in the summer, you cut the loaf off... In a month after cutting the head, the stump should be taken up.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

loaf basket n.

ΚΠ

1891 Daily News 6 Mar. 3/7 The bread boy bears the loaf basket.

loaf-tin n.

ΚΠ

1883 Facts, or Experiences Recent Colonist N.Z. iii. 30 The materials required are:—..one deep tin-pan, six loaf tins, one wooden spoon.

1932 E. Craig Cooking with E. Craig 305 Place..in a greased loaf tin.

1972 K. Stewart Times Cookery Bk. xviii. 235 Divide the dough... Place carefully in..two small, greased, 1 lb loaf tins.

b. Objective.

loaf-giver n.

ΚΠ

1882 ‘E. Lyall’ Donovan ix A moral song..in which a charitable loafgiver is represented.

c. Similative.

loaf-shaped adj.

ΚΠ

1890 H. Latham Pastor Pastorum v. 129 Our Lord was hungry, and loaf-shaped stones were lying all about Him.

C2.

† loaf-cabbage n. Obsolete a cabbage with a ‘loaf’ or head.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > cabbage or kale > [noun] > cabbage > other types of cabbage

brisoka1340

rape-cole1597

loaf-cabbage1727

sugar-loaf1766

drumhead1783

sugar-loaf cabbage1786

Yorkshire cabbage1786

York1823

Tom Thumb1847

cut-and-come-again1888

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > cabbage or kale > cabbage > types of > other types of cabbage

red coleOE

brisoka1340

red colewort?a1500

rape-cole1597

red cabbage1597

loaf-cabbage1727

sugar-loaf1766

drumhead1783

sugar-loaf cabbage1786

Yorkshire cabbage1786

York1823

palm-kale1853

Scotch curlies1855

thousand-head kale1887

cut-and-come-again1888

1727 S. Switzer Pract. Kitchen Gardiner iii. xxiii. 131 That which..comes in just as loaf cabbages decay.

1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry v. 19 Some have lost their Lives by Toads, being accidentally boil'd in the folds of a Loaf-Cabbage.

loaf-cake n. a plain cake made in the form of a loaf.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > plain cake

loaf-cake1828

slim-cake1847

1828 E. Leslie Seventy-five Receipts 62 Loaf Cake.

1844 Knickerbocker 24 423 The biscuit would not rise, her loaf-cake was heavy.

1863 A. D. T. Whitney Faith Gartney's Girlhood xi Opposite sat her aunt, taking care of her as regarded tea, toast, and plain country loaf-cake.

1878 H. B. Stowe Poganuc People xxii. 248 The company sat about the fire, discussing the nuts, apples and cider which were passed around, reinforced by doughnuts and loaf-cake.

1889 R. T. Cooke Steadfast xxii. 243 After a decent refection of loaf-cake and hot flip, she took her place.

1906 Springfield Weekly Republ. 29 Mar. 7 Sipping hot tea and tasting a large piece of loaf cake.

1906 R. Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 195 Hobden said that the loaf-cake..was almost as good as what his wife used to make.

1941 F. M. Farmer Boston Cooking-School Cook Bk. (ed. 7) 624 Loaf and layer cakes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	loaf
释义	loafn.¹ Brit. /ləʊf/, U.S. /loʊf/ Forms: Plural loaves /ləʊvz/. Forms: singular Old English hláf, Middle English laf, Middle English lof, Middle English loof, (Middle English lhoue), Middle English layf, Scottish lafe, loofe, looff, Middle English–1500s lofe, loffe, 1500s–1600s loafe, 1700s Scottish leaf, 1600s– loaf; plural Old English hláfas, Middle English Orm. lafess, Middle English, 1500s Scottish laves, Middle English lafes, lavis, lavys, Scottish lafis, lawis, Middle English–1600s loves, Middle English lofes, looves, Middle English lofis, lovis, loovys, Middle English loofes, looffis, lovys, Scottish laffis, 1600s loafs, loafes, 1500s– loaves. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English hláf (masculine) = Old High German and Middle High German leip , inflected leib- , bread, loaf (modern German laib , also written leib , loaf), Old Norse hleif-r loaf (Danish, Middle Swedish lev ), Gothic hlaif-s bread (whence ga-hlaiba messmate, comrade, = Old High German gileipo , which seems to have suggested the equivalent late Latin compānio companion n.¹) < Old Germanic hlaiƀo-z. Whether the sense of ‘bread’ or that of ‘loaf’ is the earlier is uncertain, as the ulterior etymology is obscure. For many doubtful conjectures see Uhlenbeck Gotische Etymologie* s.v. hlaifs. Some have suggested connection with Old English hlífian to rise high, tower, the reference being supposed to be to the ‘rising’ of leavened bread. Outside Germanic the following synonymous words are certainly in some way connected (most probably adopted < Germanic): Old Church Slavonic χlěbŭ (Russian hleb), Lithuanian kepalas, Latvian klaips, Finnish leipä, Estonian leip. It has been supposed by some that the initial element in German lebkuchen, lebzelter, gingerbread, is an ablaut-variant of this word. 1. Bread. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] breadeOE loafc950 painc1400 pannam1567 the staff of life1638 batch1648 buster1835 rooty1846 breadstuff1856 needle and thread1859 punk1891 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vi. 11 Hlaf userne ofer wistlic sel us todæg. c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 322 And eton hig þeorfne hlaf mid grenum lactucam. a1175 Cott. Hom. 227 He hi afedde feortiȝ wintre mid hefenlice hlafe. a1861 J. Hunter MS Gloss. in S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield (1888) (at cited word) People say ‘some loaf’, as well as ‘some bread’. figurative.c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John vi. 48 Ic am hlaf lifes. 2. a. A portion of bread baked in one mass; one of the portions, of uniform size and shape, into which a batch of bread is divided. Also with qualifying word, as barley loaf, bran loaf, cottage loaf, household loaf, tin loaf, tinned loaf, white loaf, for which see the first element. brown loaf, a loaf of brown bread n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] loafc950 mitch1282 breadc1400 panifice1656 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > pan- or tin-loaf tinned loafc950 brick1698 brick loaf1723 brick bread1762 pan-loaf1846 pan bread1856 tin-loaf1858 tin1957 pan1978 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > other types of loaf white loafeOE barley loafc950 French loafc1350 pease loafc1390 penny loaf1418 jannock?a1500 household loaf1565 boon-loaf1679 farmhouse loaf1795 cottage loaf1829 potato loaf1831 sod1836 Coburg1843 sweet roll1851 stale1874 Hovis1890 Sally Lunn1901 bloomer loaf1937 wholemeal1957 baguette1958 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xiv. 17 Nabbas we her buta fif hlafum & tuoeg fisces. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11788 Þurrh þatt te laþe gast himm badd Off staness makenn lafess. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 82 Þe wyfman grat myd childe þet more hi uynt smak in ane zoure epple þanne ine ane huetene lhoue. c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 69 How many hynen in my fadirs hous ben ful of loves, and Y perishe here for hungre. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 150 A loof oþer half a loof oþer a lompe of chese. a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 64 His poore y schal fylle wiþ lofes. c1440 Douce MS 55 lf. 6 b Take a lofe of white brede & stepp hit with the brothe. 1485 in Descr. Cal. Anc. Deeds I. (1890) 358 And iiij loves of the secunde brede wekely, every love weyng too pondes. 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. 13^v, in Bulwarke of Defence The best bread is that, that is of a daie old: and the loves or manchedes, maie neither be great nor little. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings iv. 42 Bread of the first fruits, twentie loaues of barley. View more context for this quotation a1643 W. Cartwright Lady-errant v. i, in Comedies (1651) sig. e3^v Just as so much Quick-silver Is put into hot Loves, to make 'em dance As long as th' heat continues. 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. vi. 33 It was the custom to make one great loaf. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 107 Bread was the scarcest article at the banquet, but the Glover and his patron Niel were served with two small loaves. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 243 Kneading the flour, making noble puddings and loaves. figurative.1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Num. xxiii. 1) 48 A loafe of the same leaven, was that resolute Rufus.Proverbial.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Div^v For better is halfe a lofe then no bread.1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. i. 87 Easie it is, Of a cut loafe to steale a shiue we know. View more context for this quotation1687 W. Penn Good Advice to Church of Eng. 43 And then she will think that half a Loaf had been better then no Bread.1758 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 13 June (1932) (modernized text) V. 2311 The lady has wanted a man so long, that she now compounds for half a one. Half a loaf——.1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) To be in bad loaf, to be in a disagreeable situation, in trouble. b. †assize loaf, a loaf of the weight fixed by the assize of bread (31 Geo. II. c. 29). †church loaf = holy loaf n. †prized loaf, a loaf of the price fixed by the assize of bread. †St. Stephen's loaf, a stone. Also holy loaf n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun] > for non-communicants holy breada1300 church loaf1499 holy loaf1499 eulogy1709 eulogia1728 antidoron1850 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun] stonec888 honeeOE flintc1300 rock1677 St. Stephen's loaf1694 dornick1840 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > loaves of specific weight peck-loafa1627 quartern loaf?1711 assize loaf1762 prized loaf1762 quartern1843 four-pounder1855 sixer1877 1499 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 24 Paid W. Toyt for tyndyng of the lyght and the church loffe. 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. ix He took up one of St. Stephens's Loaves, alias a Stone, and was going to hit him with it. 1762 Act 3 Geo. III c. 11 No Assize Loaves of the Price of three Pence, and prized Loaves called Half Quartern Loaves,..shall..in any Place be made for Sale [etc.]. c. loaves and fishes (figurative phrase, after John vi. 26): pecuniary advantages as a motive for religious profession (or, occasionally, for display of public spirit); the emoluments of ecclesiastical office. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > profit > [noun] > profit as motive > religious or ecclesiastical loaves and fishes1612 1612 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. I. i. iii. 205 If it were not for the loaues and fishes, the traine of Christ would bee lesse. 1799 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 300 Their seducers have wished war..for the loaves and fishes which arise out of war expenses. 1823 Ld. Byron Age of Bronze xiv. 29 ‘The loaves and fishes’, once so high, Are gone. 1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. x. 85 Any clergyman..whose loaves and fishes are scanty. d. oyster loaf, mushroom loaf: The crust of a loaf or roll of bread filled with a stuffing of oysters or mushrooms. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > fish dishes > [noun] > shell-fish or crustacean dishes musculadea1475 oyster loaf1747 clambake1835 lobster Newburg1914 tempura1920 moules marinière1928 scampi1930 lobster thermidor1933 shrimp cocktail1937 étouffée1958 chao tom1969 vongole1977 stuffie1980 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 99 To make Oyster-Loaves. 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper xii. 264 To make Mushroom Loaves. 1837 B. Disraeli Venetia I. 32 A dish of oyster loaves. e. Minced or chopped meat moulded into the shape of a loaf and cooked; generally eaten cold, in slices. Usually with qualifying word, as beef loaf, ham loaf, meat loaf, veal loaf. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > meat loaf meat loaf1892 loaf1895 ham loaf1902 1787 Lady Newdigate Let. 21 Oct. in A. E. Newdigate-Newdegate Cheverels (1898) v. 71 We made an excellent Dinner upon our Cold Loaf.] 1895 ‘M. Ronald’ Cent. Cook Bk. 308 Liver loaf, or false pâté de foie gras..is better cold with salad, or used like pâté de foie gras. A loaf of any game may be made in the same way. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 558/2 Hamburger steak with onions, veal loaf, ham loaf. 1907 Daily Chron. 23 Sept. 7/5 Veal loaf, ham loaf, beef loaf. 1939 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Journey to War 90 We had fruit-juice, meat-loaf, salad and cake. 1964 J. Masters Trial at Monomoy iv. 140 She stared at rows of Spam, corned beef, meat loaf, ham loaf. 1975 Times 7 Mar. 5/2 She recommended home-made vegetable soup and meat loaf, followed by apple or rhubarb crumble. f. slang. [Probably < loaf of bread, rhyming slang for ‘head’.] The (human) head; hence, the mind, common sense; esp. in to use one's loaf. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > [noun] nolleOE headOE topa1225 copc1264 scalpa1300 chiefc1330 crownc1330 jowla1400 poll?a1400 testea1400 ball in the hoodc1400 palleta1425 noddle?1507 costard?1515 nab?1536 neck1560 coxcomb1567 sconce1567 now1568 headpiece1579 mazer1581 mazardc1595 cockcomb1602 costrel1604 cranion1611 pasha1616 noddle pate1622 block1635 cranium1647 sallet1652 poundrel1664 nob1699 crany?1730 knowledge box1755 noodle1762 noggin1769 napper1785 garret1796 pimple1811 knowledge-casket1822 coco1828 cobbra1832 coconut1834 top-piece1838 nut1841 barnet1857 twopenny1859 chump1864 topknot1869 conk1870 masthead1884 filbert1886 bonce1889 crumpet1891 dome1891 roof1897 beanc1905 belfry1907 hat rack1907 melon1907 box1908 lemon1923 loaf1925 pound1933 sconec1945 nana1966 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > common sense > [noun] witc1175 sensea1382 conscience1449 mother witc1475 common wit1517 common sense1536 philosophy1557 good sense?1562 sconce1567 mother-sense1603 ingenuity1651 bonsense1681 rumgumption1686 nous1706 gumption?1719 rummlegumption1751 savvy1785 horse sense1832 kokum1848 sabe1872 common1899 marbles1902 gump1920 loaf1925 1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 145 Loaf, head, e.g., ‘Duck your loaf—i.e., keep your head below the parapet’. 1938 ‘J. Curtis’ They drive by Night xiv. 155 Bloody seconds counted in a job like this. You certainly had to use your loaf. 1943 J. L. Hunt & A. G. Pringle Service Slang 44 Use your loaf is the injunction often heard when someone is particularly slow in following orders. But this phrase, in its finer meanings, says: ‘Use your common sense. Interpret orders according to the situation as you find it, and don't follow the book of words too literally.’ 1949 ‘N. Blake’ Head of Traveller ii. 36 Do try to use your loaf. 1957 P. Frankau Bridge 73 He uses his loaf where you and I just muddle along. 1971 B. W. Aldiss Soldier Erect 79 You want to use your bloody loaf, Stubbs, or we'll never win this war the way you're carrying on. 1973 Jewish Chron. 2 Feb. 12/1 Use your loaf. Didn't Sir Jack Cohen of Tesco..start the same way? g. loaf o(f) bread: rhyming slang for ‘dead’. ΚΠ 1930 J. Brophy & E. Partridge Songs & Slang Brit. Soldier: 1914–1918 137 Loaf o' Bread, dead. 1935 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Dog beneath Skin iii. i. 123 O how I cried when Alice died The day we were to have wed! We never had our Roasted Duck And now she's a Loaf of Bread. 3. A moulded conical mass of sugar; a sugar-loaf. (Cf. loaf sugar n.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > loaf-sugar loaf1363 sugar-loaf1422 loaf sugarc1440 steeple sugar-loaf1649 bulldog1819 titler1819 1363–4 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 566 In 9 lb. Sucr. de Sipr. empt. in uno laf apud Ebor. 1373–4 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 578 In 2 lafes de Sugour ponder. 23 lib. quarteron empt...47s. 4d. 1440–1 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 78 Item 1 layf de suggir, 4s. 6d. 1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 98 The Isle of Tenerif, otherwise called the Pike, because it is a very high Island with a pike vpon the toppe like a loafe of Sugar. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 102 Here [i.e. at Bristol] I first saw the manner of refining Suggar, & casting it into loaves. 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. Pref. 9 Refined loaves. †4. A mass or lump (of anything). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > dense or compact clota1000 massa1382 gobbetc1384 clustera1387 lumpa1400 wedge1577 loaf1598 knot1631 clumper1673 clue1674 clump1699 lob1825 wodge1847 nugget1851 density1858 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Phigethlo, a little swelling hard and red,..our chirurgions do call it a little loafe or manchet. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xii. 244 They put all the mettall into a cloth, which they straine out,..and the rest remaines as a loafe of silver. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Pain de moustarde, a loafe, or ball, of drie, or dried mustard. 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ix. 504/2 The Cakes [sc. of corrosive sublimate]..they call Loaves. 5. A ‘head’ (of a cabbage). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > cabbage or kale > head loaf1819 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > leaf vegetables > [noun] > lettuce > head of lettuce loaf1819 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > cabbage or kale > [noun] > cabbage > leaf or head outside leaf1737 loaf1819 1585 [implied in: J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 128 Lactuca sessilis,..loafed or headed lettice. (at loafed adj.)]. 1819 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. ii. iii. 149 All the plants from the English seed produced solid loaves by the 24th of June. 1829 W. Cobbett Eng. Gardener v. §129 When it [sc. the cabbage] makes its loaf in the summer, you cut the loaf off... In a month after cutting the head, the stump should be taken up. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. loaf basket n. ΚΠ 1891 Daily News 6 Mar. 3/7 The bread boy bears the loaf basket. loaf-tin n. ΚΠ 1883 Facts, or Experiences Recent Colonist N.Z. iii. 30 The materials required are:—..one deep tin-pan, six loaf tins, one wooden spoon. 1932 E. Craig Cooking with E. Craig 305 Place..in a greased loaf tin. 1972 K. Stewart Times Cookery Bk. xviii. 235 Divide the dough... Place carefully in..two small, greased, 1 lb loaf tins. b. Objective. loaf-giver n. ΚΠ 1882 ‘E. Lyall’ Donovan ix A moral song..in which a charitable loafgiver is represented. c. Similative. loaf-shaped adj. ΚΠ 1890 H. Latham Pastor Pastorum v. 129 Our Lord was hungry, and loaf-shaped stones were lying all about Him. C2. † loaf-cabbage n. Obsolete a cabbage with a ‘loaf’ or head. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > cabbage or kale > [noun] > cabbage > other types of cabbage brisoka1340 rape-cole1597 loaf-cabbage1727 sugar-loaf1766 drumhead1783 sugar-loaf cabbage1786 Yorkshire cabbage1786 York1823 Tom Thumb1847 cut-and-come-again1888 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > cabbage or kale > cabbage > types of > other types of cabbage red coleOE brisoka1340 red colewort?a1500 rape-cole1597 red cabbage1597 loaf-cabbage1727 sugar-loaf1766 drumhead1783 sugar-loaf cabbage1786 Yorkshire cabbage1786 York1823 palm-kale1853 Scotch curlies1855 thousand-head kale1887 cut-and-come-again1888 1727 S. Switzer Pract. Kitchen Gardiner iii. xxiii. 131 That which..comes in just as loaf cabbages decay. 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry v. 19 Some have lost their Lives by Toads, being accidentally boil'd in the folds of a Loaf-Cabbage. loaf-cake n. a plain cake made in the form of a loaf. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > plain cake loaf-cake1828 slim-cake1847 1828 E. Leslie Seventy-five Receipts 62 Loaf Cake. 1844 Knickerbocker 24 423 The biscuit would not rise, her loaf-cake was heavy. 1863 A. D. T. Whitney Faith Gartney's Girlhood xi Opposite sat her aunt, taking care of her as regarded tea, toast, and plain country loaf-cake. 1878 H. B. Stowe Poganuc People xxii. 248 The company sat about the fire, discussing the nuts, apples and cider which were passed around, reinforced by doughnuts and loaf-cake. 1889 R. T. Cooke Steadfast xxii. 243 After a decent refection of loaf-cake and hot flip, she took her place. 1906 Springfield Weekly Republ. 29 Mar. 7 Sipping hot tea and tasting a large piece of loaf cake. 1906 R. Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 195 Hobden said that the loaf-cake..was almost as good as what his wife used to make. 1941 F. M. Farmer Boston Cooking-School Cook Bk. (ed. 7) 624 Loaf and layer cakes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). loafn.² Brit. /ləʊf/, U.S. /loʊf/ Etymology: < loaf v.² slang. ? U.S. The action of loafing. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] > behaviour lomperingc1315 truandisea1400 sleuthingc1450 slugging1532 truanting1532 lusking1579 concessation1623 lazinga1626 lounging1793 loafing1838 bumming1857 mooch1859 loaf1860 sluggarding1864 flânerie1873 slobbery1912 spine-bashing1941 slobbing1960 lepak1993 lepaking1994 1860 W. Whitman Leaves of Grass (new ed.) 39 The farmer stops by the bars, as he walks on a First Day loafe, and looks at the oats and rye. 1886 American 12 76 A resolution I have made to enjoy a solid old-fashioned loaf this summer. 1897 Outing 30 374/2 The holiday camp, in which a restful loaf is the principal object. 1900 Daily News 21 Apr. 3/1 In those days a Sandhurst instructorship was..looked upon as a ‘comfortable loaf’. Compounds loaf-day n. a day when no regular work is done. [But compare Swedish lofdag, Dutch verlofdag leave-day, holiday.] ΚΠ 1881 Scribner's Monthly 22 217/2 On ‘loaf-days’ the hands occupy themselves with making the neat cans which it is their..business to fill. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). loafv.¹ Brit. /ləʊf/, U.S. /loʊf/ Etymology: < loaf n.¹ (sense 5). intransitive. To form a loaf or ‘head’. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [verb (intransitive)] > form a head (of cabbage, etc.) loaf1578 cabbage1601 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 552 The white cabbage cole..closeth or lofeth in June, July, and August. Derivatives ˈloafing n. (in 9 loaving). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > cabbage or kale > head > forming a head cabbaging1670 buttoning1799 loafing1818 1818 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. i. ii. 95 The cabbages..were..earlier in loaving, than any of the rest of the plot. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). loafv.² Brit. /ləʊf/, U.S. /loʊf/ Forms: Also loafe. Etymology: Of obscure origin. Lowell's conjecture (adopted in recent dictionaries) that the verb is < German dialect lofen = laufen to run, is without foundation; the German verb has not the alleged sense ‘to saunter up and down’. German landläufer (= land-loper n.) has a sense not very remote from that of loafer, but connection is not very probable. intransitive. To spend time idly. Also quasi-transitive. To idle away (time). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > be slothful or lazy [verb (intransitive)] > idle or loaf luskc1330 lubber1530 to play the truant, -s1560 lazea1592 lazy1612 meecha1625 lounge1671 saunter1672 sloungea1682 slive1707 soss1711 lolpoop1722 muzz1758 shack1787 hulkc1793 creolize1802 maroon1808 shackle1809 sidle1828 slinge1834 sossle1837 loaf1838 mike1838 to sit around1844 hawm1847 wanton1847 sozzle1848 mooch1851 slosh1854 bum1857 flane1876 slummock1877 dead-beat1881 to lop about1881 scow1901 scowbank1901 stall1916 doss1937 plotz1941 lig1960 loon1969 1838 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches ii. 34 One night, Mr. Dabbs came home from his ‘loafing’ place—for he ‘loafs’ of an evening like the generality of people—that being the most popular and the cheapest amusement extant. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xvi. 203 Major Pawkins rather ‘loafed’ his time away, than otherwise. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xii. 183 Men talked, and loafed, and read, and smoked. 1855 W. Whitman Leaves of Grass 13 I loafe and invite my soul, I lean and loafe at my ease. 1857 C. Keene Let. in G. S. Layard Life & Lett. C. S. Keene (1892) iii. 62 My friend..fished, and I loafed about sketching. 1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 23 Dec. [At Niagara] You may lounge, you may loafe, you may saunter, you may moon,..but you..cannot study. 1885 M. Pattison Mem. 39 He allowed me to waste those two precious years in loafing about at home. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c950n.²1860v.¹1578v.²1838
随便看	unforeshortened unforeskinned unforestalled unforested unforethought unforetold unforewarned unforfeit unforfeitable unforfeited unforgeable unforged unforgetful unforgetfulness unforgettable unforgettably unforgetting unforgivable unforgivably unforgiven unforgiveness unforgiver unforgiving unforgivingness unforgivingnesses

loafn.1

Compounds

loafn.2

Compounds

loafv.1

Derivatives

loafv.2

loafn.¹

loafn.²

loafv.¹

loafv.²