-oidsuffix

This suffix is usually monosyllabic, with primary stress retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element (or, in exceptional cases, attracted to the syllable immediately preceding the suffix). In rare disyllabic instances of this suffix, primary stress is attracted to the first syllable of the suffix itself.

Forms: 1500s 1700s– -oïd, 1500s– -oid, 1600s -oeid.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin -oīdēs; Greek -οειδής; French -oïde; Latin -oideus.

Etymology: < classical Latin -oīdēs and its etymon ancient Greek -οειδής (in e.g. αἱματοειδής (αἱματώδης ) haematoid adj., ἀνθρωποειδής anthropoid adj.) < -ο- , representing either the stem vowel of the preceding element or a connective + -ειδής having the form or likeness of, like < εἶδος form (see eidos n.); partly via French -oïde or (especially in the names of muscles) post-classical Latin -oideus. For a semantic parallel compare classical Latin -iformis (see -form comb. form²). A parallel Greek formative was -ώδης (see -ode comb. form¹).First recorded (from the late 16th cent.) in loans from Greek, partly via French and Latin; e.g. lambdoid adj. Formations are found from the early 17th cent., e.g. allantoid n. and adj. Chiefly combining with first elements of Greek origin, but also with first elements of Latin origin, as ficoid adj., ovoid adj. In terms denoting or relating to groups of organisms, formations in -oid frequently have precedents or parallels in scientific Latin -oida , -oideae , -oidei , -oides (now uncommon), and especially -oidea ; this last is now a preferred suffix in zoological superfamily names, and is the most common source of new taxonomic adjectives and nouns in -oid , which are thus generally more inclusive than corresponding terms in -id (see -id suffix³). The use in mathematics is apparently after rhomboid n. and adj. Non-technical formations begin to appear in the 19th cent. (e.g. sermonoid n., liberaloid adj.) and become more common in the 20th (e.g. fascistoid adj., Stalinoid adj., Marxoid adj., Picassoid adj., zomboid adj., sleazoid adj., freakazoid n., bimboid n.); compare also technical uses in fields other than the natural sciences or mathematics, as e.g. maskoid n., criminaloid n., prefixoid n., suffixoid n., or uses forming the names of synthetic or imitation products, as rubberoid n., leatheroid n. In other modern languages, as in Greek and Latin, the o and i make distinct syllables (Latin anthrōpoīdēs, French anthropoïde, German anthropoid). Such a pronunciation in English is probably implied by the earlier spellings in -oeid and -oïd; N.E.D. (1902) notes s.v. that in British English ‘some pronounce /ænθrəʊˈpəʊɪd/, but the prevalent pronunciation of the suffix (and in many words, as alkaloid, asteroid, the only one) is with the diphthong (oi) as in void.’

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Chiefly in Science. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘having the form or nature of, resembling, allied to’, and nouns with the sense ‘something having the form or appearance of, something related or allied in structure, but not identical’; spec. (a) (in Mathematics) forming the names of curves, figures, and solids, as ellipsoid n., hyperboloid n.; (b) (in Zoology) forming nouns and adjectives with the sense ‘(a member) of a specified family, superfamily, suborder, order, class, or similarly marked taxon with a name ending in -oidea, -oidei, or -oidae’, as meloid n. and adj.; cercopithecoid adj. at cercopithecus n. Derivatives, vespoid adj.; gobioid adj. and n., lemuroid adj. and n., scorpaenoid adj. and n. at Scorpaena n. Derivatives; ammonoid n., hyracoid adj.; blastoid adj. and n., echinoid adj. and n. also in non-technical contexts, forming adjectives and nouns with depreciative force, as bungaloid adj., factoid n. and adj.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	-oid
释义	-oidsuffix This suffix is usually monosyllabic, with primary stress retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element (or, in exceptional cases, attracted to the syllable immediately preceding the suffix). In rare disyllabic instances of this suffix, primary stress is attracted to the first syllable of the suffix itself. Forms: 1500s 1700s– -oïd, 1500s– -oid, 1600s -oeid. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin -oīdēs; Greek -οειδής; French -oïde; Latin -oideus. Etymology: < classical Latin -oīdēs and its etymon ancient Greek -οειδής (in e.g. αἱματοειδής (αἱματώδης ) haematoid adj., ἀνθρωποειδής anthropoid adj.) < -ο- , representing either the stem vowel of the preceding element or a connective + -ειδής having the form or likeness of, like < εἶδος form (see eidos n.); partly via French -oïde or (especially in the names of muscles) post-classical Latin -oideus. For a semantic parallel compare classical Latin -iformis (see -form comb. form²). A parallel Greek formative was -ώδης (see -ode comb. form¹).First recorded (from the late 16th cent.) in loans from Greek, partly via French and Latin; e.g. lambdoid adj. Formations are found from the early 17th cent., e.g. allantoid n. and adj. Chiefly combining with first elements of Greek origin, but also with first elements of Latin origin, as ficoid adj., ovoid adj. In terms denoting or relating to groups of organisms, formations in -oid frequently have precedents or parallels in scientific Latin -oida , -oideae , -oidei , -oides (now uncommon), and especially -oidea ; this last is now a preferred suffix in zoological superfamily names, and is the most common source of new taxonomic adjectives and nouns in -oid , which are thus generally more inclusive than corresponding terms in -id (see -id suffix³). The use in mathematics is apparently after rhomboid n. and adj. Non-technical formations begin to appear in the 19th cent. (e.g. sermonoid n., liberaloid adj.) and become more common in the 20th (e.g. fascistoid adj., Stalinoid adj., Marxoid adj., Picassoid adj., zomboid adj., sleazoid adj., freakazoid n., bimboid n.); compare also technical uses in fields other than the natural sciences or mathematics, as e.g. maskoid n., criminaloid n., prefixoid n., suffixoid n., or uses forming the names of synthetic or imitation products, as rubberoid n., leatheroid n. In other modern languages, as in Greek and Latin, the o and i make distinct syllables (Latin anthrōpoīdēs, French anthropoïde, German anthropoid). Such a pronunciation in English is probably implied by the earlier spellings in -oeid and -oïd; N.E.D. (1902) notes s.v. that in British English ‘some pronounce /ænθrəʊˈpəʊɪd/, but the prevalent pronunciation of the suffix (and in many words, as alkaloid, asteroid, the only one) is with the diphthong (oi) as in void.’ Categories » Chiefly in Science. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘having the form or nature of, resembling, allied to’, and nouns with the sense ‘something having the form or appearance of, something related or allied in structure, but not identical’; spec. (a) (in Mathematics) forming the names of curves, figures, and solids, as ellipsoid n., hyperboloid n.; (b) (in Zoology) forming nouns and adjectives with the sense ‘(a member) of a specified family, superfamily, suborder, order, class, or similarly marked taxon with a name ending in -oidea, -oidei, or -oidae’, as meloid n. and adj.; cercopithecoid adj. at cercopithecus n. Derivatives, vespoid adj.; gobioid adj. and n., lemuroid adj. and n., scorpaenoid adj. and n. at Scorpaena n. Derivatives; ammonoid n., hyracoid adj.; blastoid adj. and n., echinoid adj. and n. also in non-technical contexts, forming adjectives and nouns with depreciative force, as bungaloid adj., factoid n. and adj. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < suffix
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