| 释义 |
macen.1 Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French macis; Latin macis. Etymology: < Old French macis (although only attested slightly later than in Middle English) or its etymon post-classical Latin macis aril surrounding the nutmeg (12th cent.). The form macis was taken as a plural in Middle English and a new singular mace was formed from it.Compare Old Occitan macis (14th cent.), Italian macis, †mace (14th cent.), Spanish macis (1525), Portuguese macis (14th cent.). It is uncertain whether there is any connection with classical Latin macir resin of an Indian tree (Pliny), Hellenistic Greek μάκιρ. There is no probable connection with classical Latin maccis, the name of an imaginary spice in Plautus. the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > nutmeg or mace 1234 (P.R.O.: C 54/45) m. 29 x. li. de Gariofil [et] x. li. de maces [et] x. li. de folio. ?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne 75 in W. Heuser (1904) 147 (MED) In þe praer is a tre Swiþe likful forto se..Trie maces beþ þe flure, Þe rind canel of swet odur. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 209v In mace þat is a flour, and in notemuge þat is þe fruyte. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 94 Þe macez er þe huskes of þe nutemug. a1475 (Sloane) (1862) 13 (MED) Fors hit with clowes or macys gode. a1527 R. Thorne in R. Hakluyt (1582) sig. B3 v The Ilands are fertile of cloues, nutmegs, mace, and cinnamon. ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot iv. f. xxvii Mithridatum..well tempered in a lytle whyte wine, wyth a few maces. 1594 T. Blundeville v. xi. f. 260v But when the Nut waxeth drie, the Mace do seuer from the Nut. 1594 T. Blundeville v. xii. f. 262 From the Iles Banda doth come Nutmegs and Maces. 1631 Inventory & Acct. Bk. Ld. Buccleuch 22 Nov. in (at cited word) For pepper ginger and meassis. a1683 in J. B. Craven (1893) xiii. 105 I have also sent you..two unces of stuffin, and ane drop of meacess. 1732 J. Arbuthnot i. 259 Spices, as Cinnamon, Mace, Nutmeg. 1789 16 Dec. (advt.) Isaac Gray..has for sale..mustard in bottles, Leiper's snuff, mace, cinnamon,..&c. 1824 M. Randolph 35 Add pepper, salt, pounded cloves, and mace,..and serve it up with the nicest parts of the hares. 1871 C. Kingsley I. v. 162 The nutmegs, the mace still clinging round them, lie scattered on the grass. 1914 F. B. Jack 100/1 Put the trimmings into a saucepan with the water, peppercorns, mace, parsley roots, and salt to taste. 1987 M. Collins iii. 34 She was hoping that she would be able to take the mace off the nutmegs. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils 1681 N. Grew iv. i. 352 The most part of it is liquid without heat, which the best expressed Oil of Mace in the Shops, is not. 1749 11 May At the oil and colour shop..opposite Strawberry Alley,..oil of amber, oil of tartar, oil of mace, of juniper, [etc.]. 1811 A. T. Thomson ii. 258 Oil of Mace. 1979 Apr. 27/2 His order also called for..oil of mace; and pottery bowls for molds. Compounds the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > ale > [noun] > flavoured ale 1605 in D. Yaxley (2003) 127 A draught of mace ale. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in (1647) sig. Eeeeeeee2/2 She had more need of Mace-ale..then your aged discipline. 1676 R. Wiseman iv. v. 318 That night she took an anodyne Syrup in a draught of Mace-ale. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). macen.2 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mace. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mace, Old French, Middle French mace, masse (12th cent.; attested in senses 1, 2; French masse , 1721 in sense 3), cognate with Old Occitan massa (12th cent.), Italian mazza (13th cent. as maça), Spanish maza (c1330), Portuguese maça (1361), < vulgar Latin *mattea, *mattia (compare post-classical Latin macia, mascea (13th cent.)), probably connected with classical Latin mateola (rare) an agricultural implement, probably a maul or beetle. 1. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > club or stick > [noun] > armed club c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 4219 (MED) Þis geant..bigan is mace adrawe. a1330 1112 He cam wiþ a mase of bras. c1385 G. Chaucer 2611 With myghty maces, the bones they to breste. a1450 ( tr. Vegetius (Douce) f. 14 (MED) Aȝenst þe stake schulde þey fiȝte..with þilke forsaide maas [L. claua] of tree as wiþ a swerde. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 22171 And with this ylke sturdy Maas, I putte hem out a fful greet paas. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria iii. xi. f. 161v Laton, whereof they make such maces and hammers as are vsed in the warres. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay iii. v. 78 Vppon their saddle bow, their roundel & the Busdeghan (being the mase of armes). a1605 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Stowe (2)) 23160 Then cam Treason with hir mas, hevy as a clobbe of leed. 1678 N. Wanley v. ii. §86. 473/1 He would cast a Horseman's Mace of nine or ten pounds weight farther than any other of his Court. 1728 A. Pope i. 75 Pomps without guilt, of bloodless swords and maces. 1825 W. Scott Talisman i, in III. 7 A steel axe, or hammer, called a mace-of-arms. 1834 J. R. Planché 244 The pistol superseded the mace in the hands of officers during this reign [sc. the reign of Henry VIII]. 1895 H. G. Wells xii. 123 Then I turned to where Weena lay beside my iron mace. I tried what I could to revive her. 1970 F. Wilkinson vii. 112 The true mace, although originally crude, was by the 12th Century being made with a metal head. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1952) 223 (MED) Auentour so haþ turned his pas Oȝaines þe king and rered mas [c1400 Laud mass]. ?a1439 J. Lydgate tr. iii. 41 Cam ignoraunce with a maas of dreede, Mi penne tarreste. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. ii. 319 O Murd'rous slumbler! Layest thou thy Leaden Mace vpon my Boy? View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton x. 294 The aggregated Soyle Death with his Mace petrific, cold and dry, As with a Trident smote. View more context for this quotation 1843 H. W. Longfellow i. v. 49 Hark! how the loud and ponderous mace of Time Knocks at the golden portals of the day! 1878 R. Browning 385 As..Beethoven's Titan mace Smote the immense to storm. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil (1557) ii. sig. Ciiiv Neptunus there shakes with his mace the walles. 1590 E. Spenser 315 The God of Seas..strikes the rockes with his three-forked mace. 1637 J. Milton 30 Listen and appeare to us In name of great Oceanus, By th earth shaking Neptun's mace. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in I. xii. 29 Neptune with his tridental mace himself Led them. 2. society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > [noun] > staff or rod society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > sceptre ?a1419 in M. Sellers (1912) I. 181 (MED) He sall pay..to the sergeant of maiis xij d. a1425 (?a1350) (Galba) (1907) 4192 (MED) Seriantes of mace went him bifore. (Harl. 221) 319 Mace of a seriawnt, s[c]eptrum, clava. c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 61 The soule scholde go oute..liche as princes whan thei go oute of theire chambris, where they haue vsscheris afore them with macis for to make wey in the prees. 1526 W. Bonde iii. sig. TTTiiii They gaue hym a rede in his hande for a septre or a mase. a1550 ( G. Ripley (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 53 Withe silvere maces..Sariantes awayteth on them eache houre. 1559 W. Baldwin et al. James I. xx. 5 My murdring uncle..That longed for my kingdome and my mace. 1580 in W. H. Stevenson (1889) IV. 195 Payd to Towley for the other ij. maces mendyng. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. vii. 153 With these borne before vs, in steed of Maces, Will we ride through the streets. View more context for this quotation 1623–4 in H. J. F. Swayne (1896) 177 The Iron wch holds the Mase at the end of Mr. Maiors pewe. 1677 E. Smith in (1890) App. v. 37 Some mischievous persons to dishonour my Lord Chancellour..stole the mace and the two purses. 1708 J. Chamberlayne (1710) i. ii. xiii. 100 The Mace, while the Speaker is in the Chair, is always upon the Table, except when sent upon any extraordinary Occasion into Westminster-Hall, and Court of Requests, to summon the Members to attend. 1760 T. Warton 16 Feb. 49 He..read the Gothick Characters inscribed on his brazen Mace. 1856 R. W. Emerson v. 57 The chancellor carries England on his mace. 1877 J. D. Chambers 186 A Beadle, or other official, with a wand or mace, clearing the way. 1958 T. H. White iv. iii. 560 Defended by ‘sergeants-at-mace’, a kind of storm troopers who guarded their lord with maces. 1991 70 145/2 Of particular interest is a photograph showing the fourteen component parts of a royal mace. society > authority > office > holder of office > ceremonial officials > [noun] > usher > mace-bearer a1525 522 Mace, Will. Nasshe ‘de bona gestura’; crier, Joh. Shut. 1670 A. Marvell Let. 21 Mar. in (1971) II. 314 Sir Thomas Clifford carryed Speaker, and Mace, and all Members there, into the King's Cellar, to drink his Health. 1753 T. Gray Long Story in 15 My grave Lord-Keeper led the brawls: The Seal and Maces, danc'd before him. 1855 T. B. Macaulay III. xi. 1 Garter King at arms..was followed by the maces of the two Houses, by the two Speakers [etc.]. 1576 22 Feb. 2 f. 77v The saide comyttees founde no prsident for setting at lardge by the mace any person in arrest, but onlye by Wrytt. 1576 27 Feb. 2 f. 80 It is resolved that Edward Smalley..shalbe brought hithere tomorrow by the sergeant & so sett at libertee by warrante of the mace & not by wrytt. 1967 in Minutes Evid. Sel. Comm. Parl. Privilege 156 in XII. 143 In an age in which few men could read or write the Serjeants effected their arrest by showing their Maces and not by producing any form of written warrant.] 3. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > cue 1727 A. Boyer (rev. ed.) at Masse (Billard dont on joue) Mass, or Billiard Stick. 1734 R. Seymour (ed. 5) iii. 84 If a Person breaks a Stick, or the Mace, he must pay Six-pence for the Stick and two Shillings for the Mace. 1797 III. 229 [Billiards] is played with sticks, called maces, or with cues; the first consist of a long straight stick, with a head at the end, and are the most powerful instruments of the two... In England the mace is the prevailing instrument, which the foreigners hold in contempt. 1814 P. Hawker (1893) I. 119 We..enjoyed the novelty of playing with the Emperor's favourite [billiard] cue, and Maria Louisa's mace. 1857 ‘Capt. Crawley’ (ed. 2) i. 7 The mace, by the way, is seldom or never used by the present generation of billiard players. 1873 J. Bennett & ‘Cavendish’ 4 Maces (called ‘masts’) only were used, made of lignum vitæ or some other weighty wood, and tipped with ivory. 1988 I. Morrison 10/1 The design of early billiard cues, known as ‘maces’..suggests..they were used for propelling a ball along the ground. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > bagatelle and similar games > [noun] > equipment 1883 329 [Bagatelle.] The balls are struck with either a cue or a mace; of these two the latter will be found the easier. society > occupation and work > equipment > driving or beating tools > [noun] > mallet 1839 A. Ure 378 The chief operations of the currier are four:—1. Dipping the leather, which consists in moistening it with water, and beating it with the mace, or a mallet upon the hurdle. 1845 G. Dodd 5th Ser. 185 The currier..softens the texture by beating it with a ‘mace’,..a wooden handle two or three feet long, with a cubical head at one end. 1852 C. Morfit (1853) 462 The leather may either be beaten out with the feet, or with an instrument called the mace. 1959 H. B. Weiss & G. M. Weiss vii. 35 The mace was a cubical block of wood having on each of two parallel sides, four egg-shaped pegs of hard, polished wood. A thirty-inch handle was inserted between the two pegged surfaces. Compounds C1. the world > movement > impact > striking > [noun] > a stroke or blow 1879 G. Meredith II. v. 104 The effect..was to produce an image of surpassingness in the features of Clara that gave him the final, or mace-blow. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > club or stick > [noun] > armed club 1824 S. R. Meyrick III. Gloss. Martellus, the martel de fer, a weapon which had at one end a pick and at the other a hammer, axe-blade, half moon, mace head or other fancy termination. 1899 12 Sept. 7/2 Sargon of Accad..of whom a mace head bearing his name is to be seen in the British Museum. 1937 Sept. 288/1 Stone was occasionally used for mace-heads. 1989 J. P. Mallory viii. 235 These included..stone maceheads similar to those recovered in the Novodanilovka group. C2. the world > action or operation > safety > [adjective] > safe or invulnerable > secure from injury or violence due to sanction 1633 J. Shirley ii. sig. D3b You shall..come vp to the face of a Sergiant,..and be mace proofe. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bulrush or club-rush 1901 G. Meredith 126 A hundred mares, all white! their manes Like mace-reed of the marshy plains Thick-tufted, wavy. 1939 H. C. Bailey (1940) xxi. 170 He..picked his way round the edge of the water. Great mace reeds grew out of it, by the bank spears of iris were dense. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). macen.3 Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Dutch. Or (ii) a borrowing from Malay. Etymons: Dutch maes; Malay mas. Etymology: < early modern Dutch maes (masen (plural) in source translated in quot. 1598 at sense 1) or its etymon Malay mas < Sanskrit māṣa (see masha n.). Now historical. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > coins of Oceania 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten i. xxv. 44/1 A Tael of Malacca is 16. Mases. 1600 J. Davis in Purchas (1614) I. iii. i. 117 That [coin] of Gold is named a Mas, and is nine pence halfe penie neerest. Those of Lead are called Caxas: whereof a thousand sixe hundred make one Mas. 1699 W. Dampier i. vii. 132 Of these [sc. cash], 1500 make a Mess, which..is a small thin piece of Gold... It is in value 15 pence English. 1727 A. Hamilton II. xli. 109 At Atcheen they have a small Coin of Leaden Money called Cash, from twelve to sixteen hundred of them goes to one Mace, or Masscie. 1813 W. Milburn II. 323 The coins current [in Tringano, Malay Peninsula]..16 maces make 1 tale. 1813 W. Milburn II. 360 [Sumatra] Gold weights are..thus divided: 4 copangs make 1 mace. society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific Chinese 1615 R. Cocks 1 June (1883) I. 1 We bought 5 greate square postes..cost 2 mas 6 condrins per peece. 1796 J. Morse (new ed.) II. 531 Although the terms candereen and mace are employed to certify a certain quantity of caxees, there are no coins..which bear that specific value. 1802 Capt. Elmore in 8 382 At seven mace two candereen per head. 1896 Apr. 580/2 The [poppy] tax is stated to be one mace or six-tenths of a mace the plot. 1962 R. A. G. Carson 542 The types [of the earliest Chinese silver dollars] were the bust of the long-bearded god of longevity on obverse with..the value 7 mace and 2 candareens. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). macen.4Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown; compare mason n.2, masoner n.2, and also mace v.2 British slang. Now rare. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > [noun] society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > [adjective] > on credit 1742 13 Jan. 35/2 He..proposed to go upon the Mace... [Note] The Mace is perform'd by Confederacy, one or two Persons take a House, and then get what quantity of Goods they can with Credit, and then go off with them. 1757 15–17 Mar. 258/1 They have almost reduced Cheating to a Science; and have affixed technical Terms to each Species; three of which are the Pinch, the Turn, and the Mace. 1781 G. Parker II. i. 32 A Dining-room elegantly furnished upon the Mace receives you whenever it is necessary to admit your visits. 1811 129 On the mace, to live by swindling. 1879 J. W. Horsley in Oct. 502 The following people used to go in there—toy-getters (watch-stealers)..men at the mace (sham loan offices). 1893 P. H. Emerson xxii. 100 Letting 'em have the super and slang on mace, for he gets to know their account and he puts the pot on 'em settling day. 1937 18 May 6/2 ‘Getting stuff on the mace’ means obtaining goods by false pretences. 1970 G. E. Evans ix. 98 While my father was away my mother used to go to the shop and get food for the family on the mace—on tick—against the time my father come back from fishing. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > defrauder or swindler > [noun] 1781 G. Parker II. i. 34 The mace is a man who goes to any capital tradesman..in an elegant vis-à-vis, with two or three servants behind it. 1785 F. Grose Mace, the mace is a rogue assuming the character of a gentleman, or opulent tradesman, who under that appearance defrauds workmen. 1860 J. C. Hotten (ed. 2) 171 Mace, a dressy swindler who victimizes tradesmen. Compounds the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > defrauder or swindler > [noun] 1811 Mace cove, a swindler, a sharper, a cheat. 1822 9 June 119/3 The immense concourse seemed to be made up of country gentlemen..mace coves, magsmen, and prigs to make up this assortment. 1823 ‘J. Bee’ at Mace The mace-cove is he who will cheat, take in, or swindle, as often as may be. 1846 ‘Lord Chief Baron’ (new ed.) p. viii His midnight rambles, in which..he will meet alike with the gentleman and the mace cove. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > defrauder or swindler > [noun] 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in II. 188 Mace-gloak, a man who lives upon the mace. 1937 C. R. Cooper Here's to Crime in E. Partridge (1949) 425/2 Like th' mace joints that open up..pay you twenty-five dollars down on your car an'..beat it with all th' automobiles, leavin' a lot o' guys with bum notes. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > defrauder or swindler > [noun] 1850 13 July 371/2 Nearly two hundred are first-class thieves or swell mobsmen; six hundred ‘macemen’, and trade swindlers, bill-swindlers, dog-stealers, etc. 1859 G. A. Sala (1861) 160 The nightside of London is fruitful in ‘macemen’, ‘mouchers’, and ‘go-alongs’. 1884 5 Jan. 5/2 The victim appears to have entered an omnibus and to have been at once pounced upon by two ‘macemen’, otherwise ‘swell mobsmen’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Macen.5Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: mace n.2 Etymology: Probably a use of mace n.2 Originally U.S.society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > fire, radiation, or chemical weapons > [noun] > chemical weapon(s) 1966 June 50/3 The development..of the Chemical Mace, a liquid, long range, selective, tear gas projector is an event of considerable importance to law enforcement. 1967 3 Aug. 17/2 The gas is called Mace and it comes in a small black aerosol container like a hair spray can. 1969 E. Ambler (1970) vii. 143 The stuff was..some kind of chemical Mace or nerve gas. 1972 J. Rossiter i. 16 The two pen-shaped aerosols of Mace chemical gas I invariably carried. 1980 A. Maupin 64 The old woman's face slammed shut on him. Brian was certain she carried Mace in her purse. 1992 21 Sept. b1/3 Chemical Mace has long-lasting effects and sometimes leaves people with burns. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). macev.1Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mace n.2 rare. colloquial in later use. society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of striking with specific blunt weapon > strike with specific blunt weapon [verb (transitive)] the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > season [verb (transitive)] > flavour in other ways a1634 J. Day (B.L. MS Sloane 3150) f. 28 If anie of yow come vnder there clowches theile pepper yw & Mace yow with a vengeance. 1841 C. Dickens iv. 256 The 'prentices no longer carried clubs wherewith to mace the citizens. 1938 J. I. Rodale 19/1 He maced the missile [sc. a baseball] at a .420 clip. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). macev.2Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mace n.4 Etymology: Probably < mace n.4 slang. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle 1790 H. T. Potter Mace, to cheat. 1812 39 138 A..party of inferior pugilists had been macing in the southern towns. 1885 18 Aug. 3/2 Fancy him being so soft as to give that jay a quid back out of the ten he'd maced him of! 1921 C. T. Jackson Man who cursed Lilies in 10 Dec. 166/2 Once he had maced a woman up-river in a shantyboat drinking bout. 1941 Mar. 344 The..Uticans had been taken in by one of the [stolen-car] industry's pet production methods—‘macing’. 1950 25 Feb. 43/2 Other methods of skinning and macing suckers and getting ahead in the world. 1974 J. Gardner 54 He accepted the fact that Catherine Eddowes had maced both Davis and Paget. 1997 V. E. Toulmin (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Sheffield) 258 Mace, to owe somebody a favour or to return a bad turn... This term is not a common one on the fairground but found in conversation with showpeople in the North of England and in the Eastern Counties of the Guild... [It] is generally used in reference to swindling or getting one's own back on a person. Derivatives the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > [noun] 1811 at Stoop The cull was served for macing and napp'd the stoop; he was convicted of swindling, and put in the pillory. 1819 J. H. Vaux I. 53 I sometimes raised the wind by..obtaining goods on credit, called in the cant language maceing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Macev.3Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Mace n.5 Originally U.S.society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > use of chemicals, etc. > attack with chemicals, etc. [verb (transitive)] 1968 30 Aug. a7/2 One NBC camerman filming the actlon was maced as he worked his camera. 1971 Sept. 63 He responded to foul and abusive language by Macing an old woman's hot dog. 1990 R. Blount 188 Milam Maced the cowboy. Had this little spray thing in his pocket. Maced him twice. 1993 22 Aug. c1/4 Tappis was Maced once but avoided arrest. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.11234 n.2c1325 n.31598n.41742n.51966v.1a1634v.21790v.31968 |
