mannerismn.

Brit.

/ˈmanərɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈmænəˌrɪzəm/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymons: manner n., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < manner n. + -ism suffix, after Italian manierismo (Luigi Lanzi in Storia pittorica dell' Italia (1792), after French maniériste mannerist n.) or French maniérisme (1806). Compare also German Manierismus; the usage of German-speaking art historians has been important in the 20th-cent. history of the term.

1. The adoption, to a pronounced or (according to some writers) excessive degree, of a distinctive style, manner, or method of treatment, esp. in art and literature. In spec. use (usually Mannerism): a style of 16th-cent. Italian art characterized by stylistic exaggeration, distorted scale and perspective, and unusual effects of colour and lighting.The specific sense relating to Italian art has shifted with changing currents in art history. 19th-cent. scholars tended to regard Mannerism pejoratively as a ‘decadent’ interlude between the classicism of the High Renaissance and the emergence of the Baroque, typified by the followers of Michelangelo and Raphael (notably Giovanni Rosso, Bronzino, Pontormo, and Parmigianino). In the 20th cent., however, Mannerism has often been viewed more favourably as a movement in its own right, centred in Italy but influential in the work of a number of other European artists.The term has also been applied to styles of 16th-cent. architecture characterized by a similar rejection of classical conventions.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > qualities generally

decoruma1568

humoura1568

variety1597

strength1608

uniformity1625

barbarity1644

freedom1645

boldness1677

correctness1684

clinquant1711

unity1712

contrast1713

meretriciousness1727

airiness1734

pathos1739

chastity1760

vigour1774

prettyism1789

mannerism1803

serio-comic1805

actuality1812

largeness1824

local colour1829

subjectivitya1834

idealism1841

pastoralism1842

inartisticalitya1849

academicism1852

realism1856

colour contrast1858

crampedness1858

niggling1858

audacity1859

superreality1859

literalism1860

pseudo-classicism1861

sensationalism1862

sensationism1862

chocolate box1865

pseudo-classicality1867

academism1871

actualism1872

academicalism1874

ethos1875

terribilità1877

local colouring1881

neoclassicism1893

mass effect1902

attack1905

verismo1908

kitsch1921

abstraction1923

self-consciousness1932

surreality1936

tension1941

build-up1942

sprezzatura1957

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [noun] > artistic treatment or style > types of

grotesque1561

charging1569

gusto1662

grand manner1695

manner1706

flatnessa1719

style1801

low key1803

mannerism1803

daguerreotype1850

chic1851

conventionalization1880

Louis Philippe1908

stylization1908

convention1926

historicism1939

pop1958

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun] > affectation

affectation1548

rhetoric1559

affection1570

manner1706

mannerism1803

posh1915

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > Italian Renaissance or 14-16th century > [noun] > other styles of 14-16th century

mannerism1845

maniera1940

1803 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 246 Mr. Stewart's style..has character without mannerism, or eccentricity.

1823 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 2nd Ser. I. 39 In all Art, perfection..sinks into mannerism, and wantons into affectation.

1845 A. Jameson Mem. Early Ital. Painters II. vii. 203 Those faults which have rendered many of his [sc. Parmigianino's] works unpleasing, by giving the impression of effort, and of what in art is called mannerism.

1846 M. Hutton tr. F. T. Kugler Hand-bk. Hist. Painting II. v. v. 353 Belgium has followed the example of French art, beginning with the same feeble mannerism which prevailed in France during the greater part of the last century.

1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets v. 152 At the time of Pindar poetry was sinking into mannerism.

1937 E. K. Waterhouse Baroque Painting in Rome 1 From 1535 until 1590 the history of painting in Rome is the history of Mannerism.

1943 Art Bull. Mar. 87/2 The word mannerism..is currently used either to designate the period between the High Renaissance and the Baroque or else as a name for the anti-classical movement in sixteenth-century art.

1962 Listener 12 July 54/1 It is to move out of the serene and classical harmony of High Renaissance portraiture into the contrivance of the style that is known as Mannerism.

1972 E. H. Gombrich Story of Art (ed. 12) xix. 302 The word ‘Mannerism’ still retains for many people its original connotation of affectation and shallow imitation.

1986 Early Music 14 422/2 The Conclusion attributes the vagaries of d'India's music to that universal scapegoat of the late 16th century, Mannerism.

2. A habitual peculiarity of style or manner; an idiosyncratic habit, gesture, way of speaking, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [noun] > an affected manner or appearance > an affectation > habitual

idiotism1610

mannerisma1834

idiasm1868

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) II. 378 Hints obiter are:—not..to permit beauties by repetition to become mannerisms.

1841 T. B. Macaulay in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. (1880) 537 You were less tolerant than myself of little mannerisms.

1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xi. 178 Her harsh way of saying things..is only a mannerism.

1893 Times 29 Apr. 13/3 He has abandoned his mannerisms and been content to make a beautiful picture.

1908 E. M. Forster Room with View i. 13 Of course, he has all his father's mannerisms, and it is quite possible that he, too, may be a Socialist.

1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day ii. 33 Both his mannerisms and his taciturnity ingrained in him by some crying need for self-protection.

1985 J. Morris Last Letters from Hav v. 41 He has..an odd mannerism of pursing his mouth between sentences.

1997 H. Kureishi Love in Blue Time 159 They copied Rocco's mannerisms and peculiar dress sense, wearing, for instance, a jean jacket over a long raincoat or fingerless gloves.

3. Psychiatry. An ordinary movement, expression, or gesture which becomes abnormal through exaggeration or repetition, usually as a symptom of mental disorder.

ΚΠ

1902 A. R. Diefendorf tr. E. Kraepelin Clin. Psychiatry v. 181 Another prominent symptom of this stage of the disease [sc. dementia praecox] is the mannerisms in facial expression and speech. Accompanying speech there is a peculiar gesticulation, winking of the eyes, senseless shaking and nodding of the head.

1948 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Dec. 89 Catatonic schizophrenia is characterized by negativism, catalepsy, suggestibility, stupor, excitement, mannerisms, stereotypy, [etc.].

1967 Brain 90 207 Some psychiatrists seemed reluctant to alter a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia, even when choreiform movements were obvious and these were thought to be ‘Schizophrenic movements’.

1976 M. Hamilton Fish's Schizophrenia (ed. 2) iii. 58 A stereotypy is a movement which is not goal-directed and which is carried out in a uniform way, but some mannerisms which are abnormal exaggerations of expressive movements may be confused with stereotypies; however they are not executed in such a rigid way.

1989 M. Gelder et al. Oxf. Textbk. Psychiatry (ed. 2) ix. 273 A mannerism is a normal goal-directed movement that appears to have social significance but is odd in appearance, stilted and out of context; for example a repeated hand movement resembling a military salute.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mannerism
释义	mannerismn. Brit. /ˈmanərɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈmænəˌrɪzəm/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymons: manner n., -ism suffix. Etymology: < manner n. + -ism suffix, after Italian manierismo (Luigi Lanzi in Storia pittorica dell' Italia (1792), after French maniériste mannerist n.) or French maniérisme (1806). Compare also German Manierismus; the usage of German-speaking art historians has been important in the 20th-cent. history of the term. 1. The adoption, to a pronounced or (according to some writers) excessive degree, of a distinctive style, manner, or method of treatment, esp. in art and literature. In spec. use (usually Mannerism): a style of 16th-cent. Italian art characterized by stylistic exaggeration, distorted scale and perspective, and unusual effects of colour and lighting.The specific sense relating to Italian art has shifted with changing currents in art history. 19th-cent. scholars tended to regard Mannerism pejoratively as a ‘decadent’ interlude between the classicism of the High Renaissance and the emergence of the Baroque, typified by the followers of Michelangelo and Raphael (notably Giovanni Rosso, Bronzino, Pontormo, and Parmigianino). In the 20th cent., however, Mannerism has often been viewed more favourably as a movement in its own right, centred in Italy but influential in the work of a number of other European artists.The term has also been applied to styles of 16th-cent. architecture characterized by a similar rejection of classical conventions. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > qualities generally decoruma1568 humoura1568 variety1597 strength1608 uniformity1625 barbarity1644 freedom1645 boldness1677 correctness1684 clinquant1711 unity1712 contrast1713 meretriciousness1727 airiness1734 pathos1739 chastity1760 vigour1774 prettyism1789 mannerism1803 serio-comic1805 actuality1812 largeness1824 local colour1829 subjectivitya1834 idealism1841 pastoralism1842 inartisticalitya1849 academicism1852 realism1856 colour contrast1858 crampedness1858 niggling1858 audacity1859 superreality1859 literalism1860 pseudo-classicism1861 sensationalism1862 sensationism1862 chocolate box1865 pseudo-classicality1867 academism1871 actualism1872 academicalism1874 ethos1875 terribilità1877 local colouring1881 neoclassicism1893 mass effect1902 attack1905 verismo1908 kitsch1921 abstraction1923 self-consciousness1932 surreality1936 tension1941 build-up1942 sprezzatura1957 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [noun] > artistic treatment or style > types of grotesque1561 charging1569 gusto1662 grand manner1695 manner1706 flatnessa1719 style1801 low key1803 mannerism1803 daguerreotype1850 chic1851 conventionalization1880 Louis Philippe1908 stylization1908 convention1926 historicism1939 pop1958 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun] > affectation affectation1548 rhetoric1559 affection1570 manner1706 mannerism1803 posh1915 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > Italian Renaissance or 14-16th century > [noun] > other styles of 14-16th century mannerism1845 maniera1940 1803 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 246 Mr. Stewart's style..has character without mannerism, or eccentricity. 1823 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 2nd Ser. I. 39 In all Art, perfection..sinks into mannerism, and wantons into affectation. 1845 A. Jameson Mem. Early Ital. Painters II. vii. 203 Those faults which have rendered many of his [sc. Parmigianino's] works unpleasing, by giving the impression of effort, and of what in art is called mannerism. 1846 M. Hutton tr. F. T. Kugler Hand-bk. Hist. Painting II. v. v. 353 Belgium has followed the example of French art, beginning with the same feeble mannerism which prevailed in France during the greater part of the last century. 1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets v. 152 At the time of Pindar poetry was sinking into mannerism. 1937 E. K. Waterhouse Baroque Painting in Rome 1 From 1535 until 1590 the history of painting in Rome is the history of Mannerism. 1943 Art Bull. Mar. 87/2 The word mannerism..is currently used either to designate the period between the High Renaissance and the Baroque or else as a name for the anti-classical movement in sixteenth-century art. 1962 Listener 12 July 54/1 It is to move out of the serene and classical harmony of High Renaissance portraiture into the contrivance of the style that is known as Mannerism. 1972 E. H. Gombrich Story of Art (ed. 12) xix. 302 The word ‘Mannerism’ still retains for many people its original connotation of affectation and shallow imitation. 1986 Early Music 14 422/2 The Conclusion attributes the vagaries of d'India's music to that universal scapegoat of the late 16th century, Mannerism. 2. A habitual peculiarity of style or manner; an idiosyncratic habit, gesture, way of speaking, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [noun] > an affected manner or appearance > an affectation > habitual idiotism1610 mannerisma1834 idiasm1868 a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) II. 378 Hints obiter are:—not..to permit beauties by repetition to become mannerisms. 1841 T. B. Macaulay in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. (1880) 537 You were less tolerant than myself of little mannerisms. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xi. 178 Her harsh way of saying things..is only a mannerism. 1893 Times 29 Apr. 13/3 He has abandoned his mannerisms and been content to make a beautiful picture. 1908 E. M. Forster Room with View i. 13 Of course, he has all his father's mannerisms, and it is quite possible that he, too, may be a Socialist. 1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day ii. 33 Both his mannerisms and his taciturnity ingrained in him by some crying need for self-protection. 1985 J. Morris Last Letters from Hav v. 41 He has..an odd mannerism of pursing his mouth between sentences. 1997 H. Kureishi Love in Blue Time 159 They copied Rocco's mannerisms and peculiar dress sense, wearing, for instance, a jean jacket over a long raincoat or fingerless gloves. 3. Psychiatry. An ordinary movement, expression, or gesture which becomes abnormal through exaggeration or repetition, usually as a symptom of mental disorder. ΚΠ 1902 A. R. Diefendorf tr. E. Kraepelin Clin. Psychiatry v. 181 Another prominent symptom of this stage of the disease [sc. dementia praecox] is the mannerisms in facial expression and speech. Accompanying speech there is a peculiar gesticulation, winking of the eyes, senseless shaking and nodding of the head. 1948 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Dec. 89 Catatonic schizophrenia is characterized by negativism, catalepsy, suggestibility, stupor, excitement, mannerisms, stereotypy, [etc.]. 1967 Brain 90 207 Some psychiatrists seemed reluctant to alter a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia, even when choreiform movements were obvious and these were thought to be ‘Schizophrenic movements’. 1976 M. Hamilton Fish's Schizophrenia (ed. 2) iii. 58 A stereotypy is a movement which is not goal-directed and which is carried out in a uniform way, but some mannerisms which are abnormal exaggerations of expressive movements may be confused with stereotypies; however they are not executed in such a rigid way. 1989 M. Gelder et al. Oxf. Textbk. Psychiatry (ed. 2) ix. 273 A mannerism is a normal goal-directed movement that appears to have social significance but is odd in appearance, stilted and out of context; for example a repeated hand movement resembling a military salute. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1803
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