malignantadj.n.

Brit.

/məˈlɪɡnənt/, U.S.

/məˈlɪɡnənt/

Forms: 1500s malignaunt, 1500s malignaunte, 1500s malygnant, 1500s–1600s malignaunt, 1500s– malignant; Scottish pre-1700 malingnant, pre-1700 1700s– malignant.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin malignant-, malignans, malignare.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin malignant-, malignans, use as noun and adjective of present participle of malignare (see malign v.). Compare Anglo-Norman malignant (c1120), Middle French malignant (c1500) person of evil intentions, occasionally also as adjective.Originally used with allusion (often in Protestant polemic) to the Vulgate translation of Psalm 25:5, Odivi ecclesiam malignantium (see quot. 1610 at sense B. 2). This use may have influenced the subsequent tendency to use the present word to render senses of Latin malignus and its reflexes in the Romance languages (see malign adj.).

A. adj.

†1.

a. Disposed to rebel against God or against constituted authority; disaffected, malcontent. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > political disaffection > [adjective] > with regard to occupying power

malignant1542

free1940

1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Dviii Your other brethern of the Romish Church or Church malignaunt.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Pref. to Rdr. Whosoeuer is not of an extreme malignaunt stomake against the due settyng forth of Goddes woorde.

1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue v. sig. C.ii^v Y^e kirk malignant.

1563 T. Becon Diuersitie Gods Worde & Mannes Inuention in Wks. iii. f. 394 Mans inuention is the execrable rule of the children of Satans kingdome, that is, of y^e Church malignant.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 362 In Aleppo once, Where a Malignant and a Turband Turke, Beate a Venetian, and traduc'd the State.

1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 312 I have good cause to ranke you with the formost of those malignant ones.

1659 J. Arrowsmith Armilla Catechetica 173 Logicians say of this particle Not, that it is of a malignant nature; Divines know that the malignant Church is much built up by such negatives.

b. British History. Applied by supporters of the Parliament in the English Civil War, and (after the execution of Charles I) supporters of the Commonwealth, to Royalists and Cavaliers. Also (less commonly) applied by Charles I and his supporters to Parliamentarians. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [adjective] > cavalier or royalist

malignant1641

cavalierish1647

cavish1650

cavalier1844

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [adjective] > parliamentarian

malignant1641

round-headed1641

parliamentarian1647

parliamentary1648

roundhead1695

1641 Remonstr. State Kingdom 11 The unexpected reconciliation was most acceptable to all the Kingdome, except to the malignant partie, whereof the Archbishop and the Earle of St[r] afford being heads, they and their faction begun [etc.].

1641 Remonstr. State Kingdom 24 Thus with Eliah, we are called by this malignant party the troublers of the State.

1642 J. March Argument Militia 28 The Parliament..defend the King and kingdom..and the malignant party use all their skill to make both..miserable.

1642 King Charles I Speech to Inhabitants Denbigh & Flint-shire xlvi. 182 How I have been dealt with by a powerfull malignant party in this Kingdome, whose Designes are no lesse then to destroy my person and Crowne.

1642 Declar. Lords & Com. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) II. 42 Whereas the Parliament, under the Name of a Malignant Party, is charged with an Endeavour to..corrupt the Allegiance of the King's Subjects.

1659 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1901) IV. 169 Mannaged wholly by the Cavaleere Malignant party.

1709 J. Swift Let. conc. Sacramental Test 22 In those times when the Church of England was Malignant.

2. Evil in nature and effects; baleful, harmful, gravely injurious. Formerly also of material substances, plants, etc.: †poisonous, deleterious (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > very

balefulOE

wanlichc1275

grievous1340

malignc1350

maliciousa1398

venom1538

virulent1563

malignant1564

blasting1591

fatal1681

blighting1796

terminal1952

1564 P. Moore Hope of Health f. 57 (margin) Purge none humours but malignaunte to nature.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 237 No more: vnles the next word that thou speak'st Haue some malignant power vpon my life.

1625 T. Jackson Treat. Originall of Vnbeliefe v. vi. §5 Nothing but Satanized affection deeply rooted in the heart could afford such store of malignant nutriment as this hellish slip must be fed with.

1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 103 The noxious and malignant Plants.

1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 89 Melted Snow, which gives it [sc. the water] that malignant quality.

1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 268 An atramentous Quality, of most malignant Nature, was seen to distil from his Lips.

1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 91 The close Vapour of these malignant Minerals.

1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) 150 A witch..charged with having..a malignant touch.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 381 The malignant genius of Flambard.

1977 R. Dahl Wonderful Story Henry Sugar 8 There was something malignant crouching underneath the surface of this island.

a. Originally (of a disease): potentially fatal; extremely severe; exceptionally contagious or infectious; incurable. Now chiefly (of a neoplasm): having the property of uncontrolled growth, with loss of differentiation, invasion and destruction of local tissue, and (often) metastasis to distant sites. Also: of the nature of or caused by such a neoplasm.The original use survives in terms such as malignant hypertension and in malignant hyperpyrexia, malignant hyperthermia, malignant pustule (see Compounds). malignant melanoma: see melanoma n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adjective] > extremely

outrageousa1325

malignc1350

shrewda1387

malignant1568

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > violent or severe

grimc900

strongeOE

grievousc1290

burning1393

acutea1398

maliciousa1398

peracutea1398

sorea1400

wicked14..

malign?a1425

vehement?a1425

malignousc1475

angrya1500

cacoethe?1541

eager?1543

virulent1563

malignant1568

raging1590

roaring1590

furious1597

grassant1601

hearty1601

sharp1607

main1627

generous1632

perperacute1647

serious1655

ferine1666

bad1705

severe1725

unfavourable1782

grave1888

1568 G. Skeyne Breue Descriptioun Pest i. sig. A3 Quhilk is generit within vs or of vther causis [than the air] is callit ane Malignant feuer.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 52 The malignant symptomes were all euacuated.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. i. 110 Hearing your high Maiestie is toucht With that malignant cause.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Malignant Disease, is that which rages more vehemently, and continues longer than its Nature seems to incline.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Tumour Malignant Tumours, those that are always accompany'd with extraordinary and dreadful Symptoms.

a1776 R. James Vindic. Fever Powder in Diss. Fevers (1778) 130 That species of sore throat which is ridiculously called malignant.

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 499 The malignant small-pox, which prevailed..during the year 1798.

1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 45 The wound degenerated into a malignant ulcer.

1819 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 4) I. i. vi. 76 Malignant, or gangrenous erysipelas.

1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 108 The malignant properties of a tumour may manifest themselves either in the tissues immediately adjacent to it or..in more distant parts.

1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 157 ‘Cancerous’ and ‘malignant’ have come to be regarded by many as synonymous terms.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 104 Several forms of malignant measles are met with.

1898 Arch. Surg. 9 327 There was no definite history of tuberculosis or of malignant growths in the family.

1938 Internat. Jrnl. Leprosy 6 390 Cases of the ‘malignant’ form of leprosy, relatively non-resistant and of poor prognosis.

1947 J. Steinbeck Pearl vi. 121 And the pearl was ugly: it was gray, like a malignant growth.

1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 97 572/1 Although some tumours secrete a parathyroid-like hormone, widespread bone destruction by tumour growth is a much more common cause of hypercalcaemia in malignant disease.

1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 436/1 Perhaps a prudent course of action in malignant effusion with hemodynamic embarrassment would be a limited thoracotomy.

1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) v. 673 Malignant hypertension is rapidly progressive to a fatal termination with a diastolic pressure often above 130 mm Hg and rising.

1993 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 17 Nov. 2355/2 Oncogenes, identified by their ability to induce malignant transformation in certain cultured cells.

†b. Bearing the germs of an infectious disease; infected, contagious. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [adjective] > infectious

contagiousc1374

infectivea1398

smitting?c1450

infected1480

infectuous1495

infecting1539

infectious1575

smittle1583

catching1594

contaminous1599

taking1608

communicative1741

malignant1822

contaminative1826

zymotic1842

smittling1845

infectant1855

autoinfective1874

catchy1884

toxo-infectious1907

postinfectious1913

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 221 Attended by nurses or midwives who had previously attended the latter [sc. puerperal patients] without sufficiently changing their malignant dress.

a. Characterized by malignity or intense ill will; keenly desirous of the suffering or misfortune of others.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-will > [adjective]

hateleOE

swartOE

ill-willinga1300

illc1330

ill-willeda1340

evil-willya1382

hatefula1400

malignc1429

malicea1500

maltalentivea1500

ill-willy15..

malevolent1509

malevolous1531

ill asposit1535

ill-givena1568

stomaching1579

malignant1592

gall-ful1596

gall-wet1597

ill-affecteda1599

unpleasant1603

evil-affected1611

gallsome1633

ill-meaning1633

ill-natured1645

unbenign1651

sullen1676

unbenevolent1694

reptilian1855

unbenignant1856

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > ill will, malevolence > [adjective]

hateleOE

balefulOE

swartOE

hatelyOE

ill-willinga1300

illc1330

ill-willeda1340

evil-willya1382

hatefula1400

malignc1429

malicea1500

maltalentivea1500

malevolent1509

malevolous1531

fiendisha1535

ill asposit1535

ill-givena1568

malignant1592

ill-affecteda1599

unpleasant1603

manless?1609

evil-affected1611

ill-willy1611

ill-meaning1633

ill-natured1645

swarthy1651

unbenign1651

reptile1653

sullen1676

maligning1687

unbenevolent1694

reptilian1855

unbenignant1856

1592 tr. F. Du Jon Apocalypsis ix. 3 The malignant spirits invading the world.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III ii. ii. 52 Two mirrours of his Princely semblance, Are crackt in pieces by malignant death.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. ii. 142 His will is most malignant, and it stretches Beyond you to your friends.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 44 Cains Enuy, was the more vile, and Malignant, towards his brother Abel.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 538 So shall the World goe on, To good malignant, to bad men benigne.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 87. ⁋12 An author cannot..be often suspected of any malignant intention to insult his readers with his knowledge or his wit.

1778 S. Johnson in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1831) IV. 140 An old gentleman who was absolutely malignant. He really wished evil to others, and rejoiced at it.

1792 E. Burke Let. to R. Burke in Corr. (1844) III. 368 It is full of the most malignant insinuations.

1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law vi. 300 The loving may become malignant; the simple-minded may become suspicious.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 505 Death was always the consequence of the action of some malignant spirit.

1923 A. Bennett Riceyman Steps ii. iii. 97 The lady looked at him with a malignant expression.

1947 M. Lowry Under Volcano vi. 171 Many..seemed unbelievably spiteful and malignant, though in a petty way.

1988 A. Storr School of Genius iv. 46 The basic human nightmare of being entirely helpless in the hands of malignant persecutors.

†b. Wickedly disposed, obstinately criminal. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-nature > [adjective]

shrew1297

shrewd13..

maliciousc1330

ill-disposedc1460

shrewishc1480

indisposed1481

misaffectionate1533

unsavoury1568

ill-conditioned1614

ill-natured1645

unamiable1711

malignant1785

ill-thriven1806

nasty1825

beastly1911

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adjective] > wicked or malignant

warlocka1400

malignant1785

1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 158 But where all Stand chargeable with guilt,..God..May punish, if He please, the less, to warn The more malignant.

a. That exercises a baleful or malign influence, unfavourable.

ΚΠ

1608 D. Tuvill Ess. Politicke, & Morall f. 21^v The malignant aspect of any person in authority towards his inferiour, is thought a sufficient warrant for euery man to wrong him.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 146 Where the influence of Religion is malignant.

1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. ii. 38 The bise, now first letting one feel what malignant wind could be.

1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day ii. 28 At a brisk walk, which by a tremendous effort I prevent from degenerating into a trot, I pass the malignant clumps, unscathed.

1990 P. Allardice Myths, Gods & Fantasy 67 To the ancients, dragons represented malignant and destructive power.

b. spec. in Astrology.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > malign

maliciousa1398

maligna1475

malevolent1593

maleficial1601

malefical1603

malignanta1616

feral1647

malefic1652

malevolous1652

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. v. 6 O malignant and ill-boading Starres.

1643 J. Howell Parables 5 Touching the malignant Planets..I put them over to you, that..they may be unspher'd or extinguished.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 662 Taught the fixt Thir influence malignant when to showre.

1752 E. Young Brothers i. i A comet, with malignant blaze, Denouncing ruin.

1799 T. Campbell Pleasures of Hope & Other Poems i. 34 Every woe, Shot from malignant Stars to earth below.

1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge II. i. 1 Poor Elizabeth-Jane, little thinking what her malignant star had done to blast the budding attentions she had won from Donald Farfrae, was glad to hear Lucetta's words about remaining.

1986 P. Reading Essent. Reading 205 Since I have so often felt the malignant influence of the stars presiding over the seas.

B. n.

a. A person who is disaffected towards constituted authority, a malcontent. Also (in early use): †a person who is ill-disposed toward the established religion (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > political disaffection > [noun] > politically disaffected person

malcontent1575

malignant1597

Frondeur1847

freedom fighter1910

dissident1940

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > impiety > [noun] > person

member of Satanc1384

firebranda1425

law-breakerc1440

malignant1597

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. ii. 7 There are of these wise malignants some, who haue vouchsafed it [sc. religion] their maruellous fauourable countenance.

1617 J. Hales Serm. Oxf. 29 Diverse malignants there are, who lie in wait to espie where our reasons on which we build are weake.

1716 J. Addison Freeholder No. 8. ⁋2 One may..discover, among the Malignants of the Sex, a face that seems to have been naturally designed for a Whig lady... Would the pretty Malcontent be persuaded to love her King and Country, it would [etc.].

1776 Trumbull in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 269 Our internal malignants may be permitted to do many injurious and insidious things.

1858 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VI. lix. 594 Once more he charged Josephus to summon the malignants.

1884 J. Colborne With Hicks Pasha in Soudan 115 It is suggested to us by the Egyptian officers that these woods are full of malignants.

1910 F. W. Cornish Eng. Church in Nineteenth Cent. xi. 221 Arnold put himself out of court when, in his invectives against the ‘Oxford Malignants’ he made use of such expressions as ‘moral wickedness’, [etc.].

1977 Hist. Jrnl. 20 588 Aspinall and others have taken notice of a small group of younger whigs, who, like Grey, became malignants... These malignants—the list includes..Lord John Russell—were led by Lord Althorp.

†b. A supporter of the Royalist cause or of the Established Church during the English Civil War. Obsolete (depreciative).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > establishmentarianism > [noun] > supporter of

parliamentarian1605

malignant1642

state-churchman1705

establishmentarian1846

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > cavalier or royalist cause > supporter of

rattle-head1641

cavalier1642

delinquent1642

long head1642

malignant1642

Cab1644

cavy1645

kebc1645

rattlepate1646

cave1661

heroic1682

1642 King Charles I Declar. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) II. 76 That to be a Traitor (which is defined, and every Man understands) should be no Crime; and to be called a Malignant (which no Body knows the Meaning of) should be Ground enough for close Imprisonment?

1642–3 Duke of Newcastle Declar. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) II. 134 The second Charge is, That my Army consists of Papists and other Malignants.

a1644 F. Quarles Judgem. & Mercy (1646) 91 His studied Prayers show him to bee a high Malignant.

1644 Weekly Intell. No. 68. 548 The country is full of Malignants.

1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 233 I undertake..to defend the..Dominion of my Lord, whose name is King of Kings..(not onely the greatest of Kings, as some Malignants do interpret it, as if others were, though lesser, yet not subordinate).

?c1663 B. Whitelocke Diary (1990) 212 That night there was a very great..and daungerous insurrection by the p[r] entices and others, sett on by the malignants.

1670 R. Baxter Cure Church-div. Pref. sig. A8 He was no Malignant, nor intended to gird at Godliness.

1743 J. Glas Treat. Lords Supper ii. iii. 34 The holy One of God passed for a Deceiver and a Samaritan, or malignant.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §10. 567 Catholics and ‘Malignants’, as those who had fought for the King were called, were alone excluded from the franchise.

†2. With plural agreement. With the. Malignant people regarded as a class. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > impiety > [noun] > person > collective

unpiteousa1382

malignant1610

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Psalms xxv. 5 I have hated the Church of the malignant [cf. 1535 Coverdale, The congregacion of the wicked; 1611 The congregation of euill doers].

1778 R. Lowth Isaiah (ed. 12) xxix. 24 54 The malignant [King James They that murmured] shall attend to instruction.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. p. xvii Excesses in which the malignant indulged under the guise of patriotism [c1832].

†3. A person or thing having a baleful or malign influence. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Piccolomini i. xi. 50 This is your Venus! and the sole malignant [Ger. der Maleficus], The only one that harmeth you, is Doubt.

†4. A malignant fever. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > other fevers

fever hectica1398

emitrichie1398

hectic1398

etisie1527

emphysode fever1547

frenzy-fever1613

purple fever1623

prunella1656

marcid fever1666

remittent1693

feveret1712

rheumatic fever1726

milk fever1739

stationary fever1742

febricula1746

milky fever1747

camp-disease1753

camp-fever1753

sun fever1765

recurrent fever1768

rose fever1782

tooth-fever1788

sensitive fever1794

forest-fever1799

white leg1801

hill-fever1804

Walcheren fever1810

Mediterranean fever1816

malignant1825

relapsing fever1828

rose cold1831

date fever1836

rose catarrh1845

Walcheren ague1847

mountain fever1849

mill fever1850

Malta fever1863

bilge-fever1867

Oroya fever1873

hyperpyrexia1875

famine-fever1876

East Coast fever1881

spirillum fevera1883

kala azar1883

black water1884

febricule1887

urine fever1888

undulant fever1896

rabbit fever1898

rat bite fever1910

Rhodesian sleeping sickness1911

sandfly fever1911

tularaemia1921

sodoku1926

brucellosis1930

Rift Valley fever1931

Zika1952

Lassa fever1970

Marburg1983

1825 J. M. Good Study Med. (ed. 2) II. 164 It is the febris gastrico-nervosa of Professor Frank, who justly regards it as an intense variety of the ordinary autumnal malignant of temperate climates.

Compounds

Medicine.

malignant hyperpyrexia n. = malignant hyperthermia n.

ΚΠ

1966 Canad. Anaesthetists' Soc. Jrnl. 13 437 Malignant hyperpyrexia or ‘hyperthermia’ occurring during general anaesthesia is..uncommon in any individual hospital.

1980 Brit. Jrnl. Anaesthesia 52 1223 A study of core temperature monitoring during general anesthesia indicates that this can be introduced as a routine procedure in order to reduce mortality from malignant hyperpyrexia.

1991 New Scientist 9 Feb. 56/3 A rapid rise is a sign of malignant hyperpyrexia, a very rare but potentially fatal reaction to certain anaesthetic drugs.

malignant hyperthermia n. a disorder characterized by the sudden onset of very high fever and generalized muscle rigidity (usually in a patient undergoing general anaesthesia), resulting from abnormal calcium transport in muscle in genetically susceptible individuals.

ΚΠ

1966 Canad. Anaesthetists' Soc. Jrnl. 13 437 Malignant hyperpyrexia or ‘hyperthermia’ occurring during general anaesthesia is..uncommon in any individual hospital.

1979 Jrnl. Oral Surg. 37 719 Malignant hyperthermia is a dominantly inherited, usually subclinical, disease that occurs in individuals who have an underlying muscular disorder and connotes the gravest possible consequences.

1986 Drugs 32 130 In patients with family history or previous episodes of malignant hyperthermia, prophylactic treatment with dantrolene prior to anaesthesia prevents the syndrome occurring in most cases.

1998 Biophysical Jrnl. 75 2402 Malignant hyperthermia results from a defect of calcium release control in skeletal muscle that is often caused by point mutations in the ryanodine receptor gene.

malignant oedema n. (also malignant edema U.S.) (a) (now rare) the massive, extensive oedema often associated with cutaneous anthrax; (b) clostridial infection of a wound, causing severe swelling of surrounding tissue, toxaemia, and high fever (now chiefly Veterinary Medicine).

ΚΠ

1882 Medico-chirurg. Trans. 65 244 There have also been..no cases of malignant oedema without the formation of a primary central eschar.

1886 E. M. Crookshank Introd. Pract. Bacteriol. Index 247/1 Malignant œdema, bacillus of.

1889 Pacific Med. Jrnl. 32 469 That septic disease now generally called malignant oedema..is also called..fulgurating gaseous gangrene.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 523/2 Malignant oedema of animals, an acute toxaemia of animals due to infection by bacteria of the genus Clostridium; characterised usually by crepitant swelling and gangrene of the infected part.

1968 Dis. Chest 53 773 (title) Corticosteroid in treatment of malignant edema of chest wall and neck (anthrax).

1983 Jrnl. Orthop. & Trauma Surg. 102 49 The incidence of postoperative malignant edema of the stump [after lower limb amputation] was found to be 0.2 to 0.4%.

1997 Jrnl. Vet. Med. Sci. 59 853 The PCR technique may be useful for rapid detection or identification of C[lostridium] septicum associated with malignant edema.

malignant pustule n. now chiefly historical the cutaneous form of anthrax in humans; the characteristic lesion of this disease, a red papule that ulcerates and forms a dry black scab surrounded by vesicles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > anthrax

anthrax1789

malignant pustule1850

splenic fever1867

wool-sorters' disease1880

joint-ill1893

1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. ii. f. 28^v/1 Anthrax is a malygne pustle.]

1850 H. H. Salter in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 1156/1 The tongue is liable to a peculiar gangrenous ulceration, called ‘Glossanthrax’ or ‘Malignant pustule’.

1864 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene i. vi. 158 Anthrax (malignant pustule, carbuncular fever).

1872 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. xl. 443 Anthrax of the lips has nothing in common with malignant pustule.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) x. 210 The bacilli give rise to a characteristic local lesion (malignant pustule).

1994 Proc. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 88 206 All subjects with anthrax meningoencephalitis died, but the one with only a malignant pustule recovered.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	malignant
释义	malignantadj.n. Brit. /məˈlɪɡnənt/, U.S. /məˈlɪɡnənt/ Forms: 1500s malignaunt, 1500s malignaunte, 1500s malygnant, 1500s–1600s malignaunt, 1500s– malignant; Scottish pre-1700 malingnant, pre-1700 1700s– malignant. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin malignant-, malignans, malignare. Etymology: < post-classical Latin malignant-, malignans, use as noun and adjective of present participle of malignare (see malign v.). Compare Anglo-Norman malignant (c1120), Middle French malignant (c1500) person of evil intentions, occasionally also as adjective.Originally used with allusion (often in Protestant polemic) to the Vulgate translation of Psalm 25:5, Odivi ecclesiam malignantium (see quot. 1610 at sense B. 2). This use may have influenced the subsequent tendency to use the present word to render senses of Latin malignus and its reflexes in the Romance languages (see malign adj.). A. adj. †1. a. Disposed to rebel against God or against constituted authority; disaffected, malcontent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > political disaffection > [adjective] > with regard to occupying power malignant1542 free1940 1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Dviii Your other brethern of the Romish Church or Church malignaunt. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Pref. to Rdr. Whosoeuer is not of an extreme malignaunt stomake against the due settyng forth of Goddes woorde. 1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue v. sig. C.ii^v Y^e kirk malignant. 1563 T. Becon Diuersitie Gods Worde & Mannes Inuention in Wks. iii. f. 394 Mans inuention is the execrable rule of the children of Satans kingdome, that is, of y^e Church malignant. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 362 In Aleppo once, Where a Malignant and a Turband Turke, Beate a Venetian, and traduc'd the State. View more context for this quotation 1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 312 I have good cause to ranke you with the formost of those malignant ones. 1659 J. Arrowsmith Armilla Catechetica 173 Logicians say of this particle Not, that it is of a malignant nature; Divines know that the malignant Church is much built up by such negatives. b. British History. Applied by supporters of the Parliament in the English Civil War, and (after the execution of Charles I) supporters of the Commonwealth, to Royalists and Cavaliers. Also (less commonly) applied by Charles I and his supporters to Parliamentarians. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [adjective] > cavalier or royalist malignant1641 cavalierish1647 cavish1650 cavalier1844 society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [adjective] > parliamentarian malignant1641 round-headed1641 parliamentarian1647 parliamentary1648 roundhead1695 1641 Remonstr. State Kingdom 11 The unexpected reconciliation was most acceptable to all the Kingdome, except to the malignant partie, whereof the Archbishop and the Earle of St[r] afford being heads, they and their faction begun [etc.]. 1641 Remonstr. State Kingdom 24 Thus with Eliah, we are called by this malignant party the troublers of the State. 1642 J. March Argument Militia 28 The Parliament..defend the King and kingdom..and the malignant party use all their skill to make both..miserable. 1642 King Charles I Speech to Inhabitants Denbigh & Flint-shire xlvi. 182 How I have been dealt with by a powerfull malignant party in this Kingdome, whose Designes are no lesse then to destroy my person and Crowne. 1642 Declar. Lords & Com. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) II. 42 Whereas the Parliament, under the Name of a Malignant Party, is charged with an Endeavour to..corrupt the Allegiance of the King's Subjects. 1659 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1901) IV. 169 Mannaged wholly by the Cavaleere Malignant party. 1709 J. Swift Let. conc. Sacramental Test 22 In those times when the Church of England was Malignant. 2. Evil in nature and effects; baleful, harmful, gravely injurious. Formerly also of material substances, plants, etc.: †poisonous, deleterious (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > very balefulOE wanlichc1275 grievous1340 malignc1350 maliciousa1398 venom1538 virulent1563 malignant1564 blasting1591 fatal1681 blighting1796 terminal1952 1564 P. Moore Hope of Health f. 57 (margin) Purge none humours but malignaunte to nature. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 237 No more: vnles the next word that thou speak'st Haue some malignant power vpon my life. View more context for this quotation 1625 T. Jackson Treat. Originall of Vnbeliefe v. vi. §5 Nothing but Satanized affection deeply rooted in the heart could afford such store of malignant nutriment as this hellish slip must be fed with. 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 103 The noxious and malignant Plants. 1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 89 Melted Snow, which gives it [sc. the water] that malignant quality. 1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 268 An atramentous Quality, of most malignant Nature, was seen to distil from his Lips. 1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 91 The close Vapour of these malignant Minerals. 1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) 150 A witch..charged with having..a malignant touch. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 381 The malignant genius of Flambard. 1977 R. Dahl Wonderful Story Henry Sugar 8 There was something malignant crouching underneath the surface of this island. 3. a. Originally (of a disease): potentially fatal; extremely severe; exceptionally contagious or infectious; incurable. Now chiefly (of a neoplasm): having the property of uncontrolled growth, with loss of differentiation, invasion and destruction of local tissue, and (often) metastasis to distant sites. Also: of the nature of or caused by such a neoplasm.The original use survives in terms such as malignant hypertension and in malignant hyperpyrexia, malignant hyperthermia, malignant pustule (see Compounds). malignant melanoma: see melanoma n. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adjective] > extremely outrageousa1325 malignc1350 shrewda1387 malignant1568 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > violent or severe grimc900 strongeOE grievousc1290 burning1393 acutea1398 maliciousa1398 peracutea1398 sorea1400 wicked14.. malign?a1425 vehement?a1425 malignousc1475 angrya1500 cacoethe?1541 eager?1543 virulent1563 malignant1568 raging1590 roaring1590 furious1597 grassant1601 hearty1601 sharp1607 main1627 generous1632 perperacute1647 serious1655 ferine1666 bad1705 severe1725 unfavourable1782 grave1888 1568 G. Skeyne Breue Descriptioun Pest i. sig. A3 Quhilk is generit within vs or of vther causis [than the air] is callit ane Malignant feuer. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 52 The malignant symptomes were all euacuated. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. i. 110 Hearing your high Maiestie is toucht With that malignant cause. View more context for this quotation 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Malignant Disease, is that which rages more vehemently, and continues longer than its Nature seems to incline. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Tumour Malignant Tumours, those that are always accompany'd with extraordinary and dreadful Symptoms. a1776 R. James Vindic. Fever Powder in Diss. Fevers (1778) 130 That species of sore throat which is ridiculously called malignant. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 499 The malignant small-pox, which prevailed..during the year 1798. 1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 45 The wound degenerated into a malignant ulcer. 1819 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 4) I. i. vi. 76 Malignant, or gangrenous erysipelas. 1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 108 The malignant properties of a tumour may manifest themselves either in the tissues immediately adjacent to it or..in more distant parts. 1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 157 ‘Cancerous’ and ‘malignant’ have come to be regarded by many as synonymous terms. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 104 Several forms of malignant measles are met with. 1898 Arch. Surg. 9 327 There was no definite history of tuberculosis or of malignant growths in the family. 1938 Internat. Jrnl. Leprosy 6 390 Cases of the ‘malignant’ form of leprosy, relatively non-resistant and of poor prognosis. 1947 J. Steinbeck Pearl vi. 121 And the pearl was ugly: it was gray, like a malignant growth. 1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 97 572/1 Although some tumours secrete a parathyroid-like hormone, widespread bone destruction by tumour growth is a much more common cause of hypercalcaemia in malignant disease. 1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 436/1 Perhaps a prudent course of action in malignant effusion with hemodynamic embarrassment would be a limited thoracotomy. 1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) v. 673 Malignant hypertension is rapidly progressive to a fatal termination with a diastolic pressure often above 130 mm Hg and rising. 1993 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 17 Nov. 2355/2 Oncogenes, identified by their ability to induce malignant transformation in certain cultured cells. †b. Bearing the germs of an infectious disease; infected, contagious. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [adjective] > infectious contagiousc1374 infectivea1398 smitting?c1450 infected1480 infectuous1495 infecting1539 infectious1575 smittle1583 catching1594 contaminous1599 taking1608 communicative1741 malignant1822 contaminative1826 zymotic1842 smittling1845 infectant1855 autoinfective1874 catchy1884 toxo-infectious1907 postinfectious1913 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 221 Attended by nurses or midwives who had previously attended the latter [sc. puerperal patients] without sufficiently changing their malignant dress. 4. a. Characterized by malignity or intense ill will; keenly desirous of the suffering or misfortune of others. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-will > [adjective] hateleOE swartOE ill-willinga1300 illc1330 ill-willeda1340 evil-willya1382 hatefula1400 malignc1429 malicea1500 maltalentivea1500 ill-willy15.. malevolent1509 malevolous1531 ill asposit1535 ill-givena1568 stomaching1579 malignant1592 gall-ful1596 gall-wet1597 ill-affecteda1599 unpleasant1603 evil-affected1611 gallsome1633 ill-meaning1633 ill-natured1645 unbenign1651 sullen1676 unbenevolent1694 reptilian1855 unbenignant1856 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > ill will, malevolence > [adjective] hateleOE balefulOE swartOE hatelyOE ill-willinga1300 illc1330 ill-willeda1340 evil-willya1382 hatefula1400 malignc1429 malicea1500 maltalentivea1500 malevolent1509 malevolous1531 fiendisha1535 ill asposit1535 ill-givena1568 malignant1592 ill-affecteda1599 unpleasant1603 manless?1609 evil-affected1611 ill-willy1611 ill-meaning1633 ill-natured1645 swarthy1651 unbenign1651 reptile1653 sullen1676 maligning1687 unbenevolent1694 reptilian1855 unbenignant1856 1592 tr. F. Du Jon Apocalypsis ix. 3 The malignant spirits invading the world. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III ii. ii. 52 Two mirrours of his Princely semblance, Are crackt in pieces by malignant death. View more context for this quotation 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. ii. 142 His will is most malignant, and it stretches Beyond you to your friends. View more context for this quotation 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 44 Cains Enuy, was the more vile, and Malignant, towards his brother Abel. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 538 So shall the World goe on, To good malignant, to bad men benigne. View more context for this quotation 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 87. ⁋12 An author cannot..be often suspected of any malignant intention to insult his readers with his knowledge or his wit. 1778 S. Johnson in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1831) IV. 140 An old gentleman who was absolutely malignant. He really wished evil to others, and rejoiced at it. 1792 E. Burke Let. to R. Burke in Corr. (1844) III. 368 It is full of the most malignant insinuations. 1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law vi. 300 The loving may become malignant; the simple-minded may become suspicious. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 505 Death was always the consequence of the action of some malignant spirit. 1923 A. Bennett Riceyman Steps ii. iii. 97 The lady looked at him with a malignant expression. 1947 M. Lowry Under Volcano vi. 171 Many..seemed unbelievably spiteful and malignant, though in a petty way. 1988 A. Storr School of Genius iv. 46 The basic human nightmare of being entirely helpless in the hands of malignant persecutors. †b. Wickedly disposed, obstinately criminal. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-nature > [adjective] shrew1297 shrewd13.. maliciousc1330 ill-disposedc1460 shrewishc1480 indisposed1481 misaffectionate1533 unsavoury1568 ill-conditioned1614 ill-natured1645 unamiable1711 malignant1785 ill-thriven1806 nasty1825 beastly1911 society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adjective] > wicked or malignant warlocka1400 malignant1785 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 158 But where all Stand chargeable with guilt,..God..May punish, if He please, the less, to warn The more malignant. 5. a. That exercises a baleful or malign influence, unfavourable. ΚΠ 1608 D. Tuvill Ess. Politicke, & Morall f. 21^v The malignant aspect of any person in authority towards his inferiour, is thought a sufficient warrant for euery man to wrong him. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 146 Where the influence of Religion is malignant. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. ii. 38 The bise, now first letting one feel what malignant wind could be. 1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day ii. 28 At a brisk walk, which by a tremendous effort I prevent from degenerating into a trot, I pass the malignant clumps, unscathed. 1990 P. Allardice Myths, Gods & Fantasy 67 To the ancients, dragons represented malignant and destructive power. b. spec. in Astrology. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > malign maliciousa1398 maligna1475 malevolent1593 maleficial1601 malefical1603 malignanta1616 feral1647 malefic1652 malevolous1652 a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. v. 6 O malignant and ill-boading Starres. View more context for this quotation 1643 J. Howell Parables 5 Touching the malignant Planets..I put them over to you, that..they may be unspher'd or extinguished. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 662 Taught the fixt Thir influence malignant when to showre. View more context for this quotation 1752 E. Young Brothers i. i A comet, with malignant blaze, Denouncing ruin. 1799 T. Campbell Pleasures of Hope & Other Poems i. 34 Every woe, Shot from malignant Stars to earth below. 1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge II. i. 1 Poor Elizabeth-Jane, little thinking what her malignant star had done to blast the budding attentions she had won from Donald Farfrae, was glad to hear Lucetta's words about remaining. 1986 P. Reading Essent. Reading 205 Since I have so often felt the malignant influence of the stars presiding over the seas. B. n. 1. a. A person who is disaffected towards constituted authority, a malcontent. Also (in early use): †a person who is ill-disposed toward the established religion (now historical). ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > political disaffection > [noun] > politically disaffected person malcontent1575 malignant1597 Frondeur1847 freedom fighter1910 dissident1940 society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > impiety > [noun] > person member of Satanc1384 firebranda1425 law-breakerc1440 malignant1597 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. ii. 7 There are of these wise malignants some, who haue vouchsafed it [sc. religion] their maruellous fauourable countenance. 1617 J. Hales Serm. Oxf. 29 Diverse malignants there are, who lie in wait to espie where our reasons on which we build are weake. 1716 J. Addison Freeholder No. 8. ⁋2 One may..discover, among the Malignants of the Sex, a face that seems to have been naturally designed for a Whig lady... Would the pretty Malcontent be persuaded to love her King and Country, it would [etc.]. 1776 Trumbull in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 269 Our internal malignants may be permitted to do many injurious and insidious things. 1858 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VI. lix. 594 Once more he charged Josephus to summon the malignants. 1884 J. Colborne With Hicks Pasha in Soudan 115 It is suggested to us by the Egyptian officers that these woods are full of malignants. 1910 F. W. Cornish Eng. Church in Nineteenth Cent. xi. 221 Arnold put himself out of court when, in his invectives against the ‘Oxford Malignants’ he made use of such expressions as ‘moral wickedness’, [etc.]. 1977 Hist. Jrnl. 20 588 Aspinall and others have taken notice of a small group of younger whigs, who, like Grey, became malignants... These malignants—the list includes..Lord John Russell—were led by Lord Althorp. †b. A supporter of the Royalist cause or of the Established Church during the English Civil War. Obsolete (depreciative). ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > establishmentarianism > [noun] > supporter of parliamentarian1605 malignant1642 state-churchman1705 establishmentarian1846 society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > cavalier or royalist cause > supporter of rattle-head1641 cavalier1642 delinquent1642 long head1642 malignant1642 Cab1644 cavy1645 kebc1645 rattlepate1646 cave1661 heroic1682 1642 King Charles I Declar. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) II. 76 That to be a Traitor (which is defined, and every Man understands) should be no Crime; and to be called a Malignant (which no Body knows the Meaning of) should be Ground enough for close Imprisonment? 1642–3 Duke of Newcastle Declar. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) II. 134 The second Charge is, That my Army consists of Papists and other Malignants. a1644 F. Quarles Judgem. & Mercy (1646) 91 His studied Prayers show him to bee a high Malignant. 1644 Weekly Intell. No. 68. 548 The country is full of Malignants. 1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 233 I undertake..to defend the..Dominion of my Lord, whose name is King of Kings..(not onely the greatest of Kings, as some Malignants do interpret it, as if others were, though lesser, yet not subordinate). ?c1663 B. Whitelocke Diary (1990) 212 That night there was a very great..and daungerous insurrection by the p[r] entices and others, sett on by the malignants. 1670 R. Baxter Cure Church-div. Pref. sig. A8 He was no Malignant, nor intended to gird at Godliness. 1743 J. Glas Treat. Lords Supper ii. iii. 34 The holy One of God passed for a Deceiver and a Samaritan, or malignant. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §10. 567 Catholics and ‘Malignants’, as those who had fought for the King were called, were alone excluded from the franchise. †2. With plural agreement. With the. Malignant people regarded as a class. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > impiety > [noun] > person > collective unpiteousa1382 malignant1610 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Psalms xxv. 5 I have hated the Church of the malignant [cf. 1535 Coverdale, The congregacion of the wicked; 1611 The congregation of euill doers]. 1778 R. Lowth Isaiah (ed. 12) xxix. 24 54 The malignant [King James They that murmured] shall attend to instruction. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. p. xvii Excesses in which the malignant indulged under the guise of patriotism [c1832]. †3. A person or thing having a baleful or malign influence. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Piccolomini i. xi. 50 This is your Venus! and the sole malignant [Ger. der Maleficus], The only one that harmeth you, is Doubt. †4. A malignant fever. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > other fevers fever hectica1398 emitrichie1398 hectic1398 etisie1527 emphysode fever1547 frenzy-fever1613 purple fever1623 prunella1656 marcid fever1666 remittent1693 feveret1712 rheumatic fever1726 milk fever1739 stationary fever1742 febricula1746 milky fever1747 camp-disease1753 camp-fever1753 sun fever1765 recurrent fever1768 rose fever1782 tooth-fever1788 sensitive fever1794 forest-fever1799 white leg1801 hill-fever1804 Walcheren fever1810 Mediterranean fever1816 malignant1825 relapsing fever1828 rose cold1831 date fever1836 rose catarrh1845 Walcheren ague1847 mountain fever1849 mill fever1850 Malta fever1863 bilge-fever1867 Oroya fever1873 hyperpyrexia1875 famine-fever1876 East Coast fever1881 spirillum fevera1883 kala azar1883 black water1884 febricule1887 urine fever1888 undulant fever1896 rabbit fever1898 rat bite fever1910 Rhodesian sleeping sickness1911 sandfly fever1911 tularaemia1921 sodoku1926 brucellosis1930 Rift Valley fever1931 Zika1952 Lassa fever1970 Marburg1983 1825 J. M. Good Study Med. (ed. 2) II. 164 It is the febris gastrico-nervosa of Professor Frank, who justly regards it as an intense variety of the ordinary autumnal malignant of temperate climates. Compounds Medicine. malignant hyperpyrexia n. = malignant hyperthermia n. ΚΠ 1966 Canad. Anaesthetists' Soc. Jrnl. 13 437 Malignant hyperpyrexia or ‘hyperthermia’ occurring during general anaesthesia is..uncommon in any individual hospital. 1980 Brit. Jrnl. Anaesthesia 52 1223 A study of core temperature monitoring during general anesthesia indicates that this can be introduced as a routine procedure in order to reduce mortality from malignant hyperpyrexia. 1991 New Scientist 9 Feb. 56/3 A rapid rise is a sign of malignant hyperpyrexia, a very rare but potentially fatal reaction to certain anaesthetic drugs. malignant hyperthermia n. a disorder characterized by the sudden onset of very high fever and generalized muscle rigidity (usually in a patient undergoing general anaesthesia), resulting from abnormal calcium transport in muscle in genetically susceptible individuals. ΚΠ 1966 Canad. Anaesthetists' Soc. Jrnl. 13 437 Malignant hyperpyrexia or ‘hyperthermia’ occurring during general anaesthesia is..uncommon in any individual hospital. 1979 Jrnl. Oral Surg. 37 719 Malignant hyperthermia is a dominantly inherited, usually subclinical, disease that occurs in individuals who have an underlying muscular disorder and connotes the gravest possible consequences. 1986 Drugs 32 130 In patients with family history or previous episodes of malignant hyperthermia, prophylactic treatment with dantrolene prior to anaesthesia prevents the syndrome occurring in most cases. 1998 Biophysical Jrnl. 75 2402 Malignant hyperthermia results from a defect of calcium release control in skeletal muscle that is often caused by point mutations in the ryanodine receptor gene. malignant oedema n. (also malignant edema U.S.) (a) (now rare) the massive, extensive oedema often associated with cutaneous anthrax; (b) clostridial infection of a wound, causing severe swelling of surrounding tissue, toxaemia, and high fever (now chiefly Veterinary Medicine). ΚΠ 1882 Medico-chirurg. Trans. 65 244 There have also been..no cases of malignant oedema without the formation of a primary central eschar. 1886 E. M. Crookshank Introd. Pract. Bacteriol. Index 247/1 Malignant œdema, bacillus of. 1889 Pacific Med. Jrnl. 32 469 That septic disease now generally called malignant oedema..is also called..fulgurating gaseous gangrene. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 523/2 Malignant oedema of animals, an acute toxaemia of animals due to infection by bacteria of the genus Clostridium; characterised usually by crepitant swelling and gangrene of the infected part. 1968 Dis. Chest 53 773 (title) Corticosteroid in treatment of malignant edema of chest wall and neck (anthrax). 1983 Jrnl. Orthop. & Trauma Surg. 102 49 The incidence of postoperative malignant edema of the stump [after lower limb amputation] was found to be 0.2 to 0.4%. 1997 Jrnl. Vet. Med. Sci. 59 853 The PCR technique may be useful for rapid detection or identification of C[lostridium] septicum associated with malignant edema. malignant pustule n. now chiefly historical the cutaneous form of anthrax in humans; the characteristic lesion of this disease, a red papule that ulcerates and forms a dry black scab surrounded by vesicles. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > anthrax anthrax1789 malignant pustule1850 splenic fever1867 wool-sorters' disease1880 joint-ill1893 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. ii. f. 28^v/1 Anthrax is a malygne pustle.] 1850 H. H. Salter in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 1156/1 The tongue is liable to a peculiar gangrenous ulceration, called ‘Glossanthrax’ or ‘Malignant pustule’. 1864 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene i. vi. 158 Anthrax (malignant pustule, carbuncular fever). 1872 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. xl. 443 Anthrax of the lips has nothing in common with malignant pustule. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) x. 210 The bacilli give rise to a characteristic local lesion (malignant pustule). 1994 Proc. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 88 206 All subjects with anthrax meningoencephalitis died, but the one with only a malignant pustule recovered. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1542
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