manipulationn.

Brit.

/məˌnɪpjᵿˈleɪʃn/, U.S.

/məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French manipulation.

Etymology: < French manipulation (1716 in sense 1 (in an account of silver mines in South America), 1762 in sense 2) < Spanish manipulación (1619 in sense 2, referring specifically to alchemy; 1730 in sense 1 but probably earlier: compare manipulante person who works in precious metals (1713)) < classical Latin manipulus (see maniple n.) + Spanish -ación -ation suffix.Compare Italian manipolazione , †manipulazione (17th cent.): this and the Spanish word may have a common etymon in the post-classical Latin terminology of alchemy. Compare Portuguese manipulação (1801). Sense 1 was the sole sense recognized in English dictionaries down to and including Todd, 1818.

†1. A method of digging silver ore. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Manipulation, a term used in the mines, to signify the manner of digging the silver, &c. out of the earth.

1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) II .

1818 H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. Manipulation.]

2. Chemistry. The action of handling apparatus, reagents, etc., in experiments; experimental procedure; an instance or example of this. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > method of handling apparatus

manipulation1796

1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 482 It is only by an exact similarity in all the essential points of Manipulation, that results exactly similar can be expected.

1805 W. Saunders Treat. Mineral Waters (ed. 2) 354 The various sources of inaccuracy to which chemical manipulations are liable.

1827 M. Faraday MS Lect. Notes (Royal Inst. MS F4C) p. xi, in B. Jones Life (1870) I. 396 The word manipulation,..though not usual in ordinary language, is so peculiarly expressive of the great object of these lectures, that I could not hesitate a moment to use it.

1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. p. iii The ultimate objects of an experiment, and also the particular contrivance or mode by which those ultimate results are to be produced, being mental, there remains the mere performance of it, which may properly be expressed by the term manipulation.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Manipulation,..in pharmacy, the preparation of drugs.

1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 48 The average amount of ash obtained by laboratory manipulation.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 519/1 The Greek χυμεία, pouring, infusion, used in connexion with the study of the juices of plants, and thence extended to chemical manipulations.

1925 W. Cather Professor's House i. xiii. 146 His conception was right, but very delicate manipulation was necessary, and he was a careless experimentor.

a. gen. The action or an act of manipulating something; handling; dexterity. Also (occasionally): the making of hand motions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > performing practical operations > upon something

working?a1425

subaction1626

subagitation1653

manipulation1801

manipulating1868

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or control > [noun]

handlinga1250

working?a1425

managing1579

wielding1581

wieldance1634

managery1654

manipulation1801

manoeuvre1834

operation1872

1801 W. Dupré Lexicographia-neologica Gallica 170 Manipulation, manipulation; hand-labour. This word was heretofore confined to imply such chymical operations as were employed in working minerals, but has now obtained a greater extent, and is used to signify all kinds of labour by hand.

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. l. 536 However tedious some of the foregoing manipulations may seem, they are..much less so than those required in several other branches of Natural History.

1846 W. Greener Sci. Gunnery (new ed.) 403 The manipulation of this musket.

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xx. 40 In the zeal of her manipulations, the young disciple had contrived to snatch a pair of gloves and a ribbon, which she had adroitly slipped into her sleeves.

1853 F. W. Faber All for Jesus (1854) 246 A profound reverence for all the benedictions of the Church, for her sacraments, forms, and manipulations.

1878 A. H. Markham Great Frozen Sea xv. 206 To handle delicate instruments, the manipulation of which, even in a temperate climate, requires the utmost care.

1879 J. J. Young Ceramic Art 41 In Oriental work..we..find skill in manipulation, similitude in drawing, and beauty in color.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 11 Mar. 4/2 The pilot..might..by skilful manipulation of the equilibrator, succeed in recovering his equilibrium.

1976 T. Hooper Guide to Bees & Honey vi. 119 Before opening a colony for examination, collect together all the things you are likely to need for the manipulation, such as hive tool, queen excluders, supers, etc.

1986 Washington Post 21 Dec. d3/4 These..involve the manipulation of huge numbers of atoms, and are crude compared with the manipulations the nanotechnologists hope to achieve—one atom at a time.

b. Medicine. Manual examination or treatment of a part of the body, esp. the production of specific passive movements of joints in chiropractic, osteopathy, or physiotherapy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > by physical means > by touch

touch1771

manipulation1817

palpation1844

1817 Edinb. Monthly Mag. 1 38 To expose her heart..to the manipulation of a cordiologist.

1824 A. Dods Pathol. Observ. Spine iv. ii. 213 It is for the purpose..of supplying the defect of friction to such muscles as we cannot reach, together with the endeavour to return the displaced vertebræ to their natural situations, that I make use of manipulation.

1872 T. G. Thomas Pract. Treat. Dis. Women (ed. 3) 72 Conjoined manipulation is of great importance.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 475 Squelchy sounds on manipulation are not certain signs of ectasis.

1925 Lancet 12 Sept. 529/1 An attempt will be made..to point out the underlying pathology of those chronic affections of the knee-joint following injury that may be cured or markedly alleviated by that valuable and often brilliant therapeutic measure, manipulation.

1927 Glasgow Herald 29 Dec. 4/1 Setting right a joint by manipulation is different from killing a spirochaete with salvarsan.

1986 Annabel Aug. 83/4 Expert advice on caring for your spine, exercise, physiotherapy, and manipulation..are all available.

1991 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Nov. 1298/1 There seems to be agreement that manipulation involves a high velocity thrust to a joint beyond its restricted range of movement.

4. The action or an act of managing or directing a person, etc., esp. in a skilful manner; the exercise of subtle, underhand, or devious influence or control over a person, organization, etc.; interference, tampering.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [noun] > management or administration > manner of > unfairly or for one's own advantage

manipulation1828

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [noun] > manipulation or exploitation

manipulation1828

exploitation1832

exploitage1864

over-exploitation1916

puppeteering1920

stitch-up1980

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > specific operations or arrangements > disreputable

poison pill1653

rig1826

cornering1841

wash-sale1848

washing1849

market-rigging1851

corner1853

watering1868

wreck1876

manipulation1888

wash1891

market mongering1901

matched orders1903

grey market1933

bond washing1937

warehousing1971

bed-and-breakfasting1974

dawn raid1980

1828 W. F. Napier Hist. War Peninsula I. 6 The organization of Napoleon's army was simple, the administration vigorous, the manipulations well contrived.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic xi. 364 No manipulation, no analysis, of these Truths previously demonstrated would enable him to evolve from them..the measure of this particular angle.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvii. 611 The third estate..was only too susceptible of royal manipulation.

1888 Nation (N.Y.) 9 Aug. 107/2 Manipulation signifies a common understanding and design on the part of a clique of operators to raise or depress values in order to get other people's money.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 26 Aug. 2/2 The opportunity for market manipulation is obvious.

1923 J. T. MacCurdy Probl. Dynamic Psychol. xi. 121 Manipulation of rapport is thus made the core of psychoanalytic treatment.

1957 A. E. Stevenson New Amer. iii. viii. 203 For there has appeared recently..revealing evidence of the distortion and manipulation of the news—not by the press, but to the press.

1977 P. Scott Staying On (1978) viii. 142 I do not know whether goodwill has been considered in all your figurings and workings and manipulations.

1988 M. Dibdin Ratking ii. 56 His real business is currency manipulation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	manipulation
释义	manipulationn. Brit. /məˌnɪpjᵿˈleɪʃn/, U.S. /məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French manipulation. Etymology: < French manipulation (1716 in sense 1 (in an account of silver mines in South America), 1762 in sense 2) < Spanish manipulación (1619 in sense 2, referring specifically to alchemy; 1730 in sense 1 but probably earlier: compare manipulante person who works in precious metals (1713)) < classical Latin manipulus (see maniple n.) + Spanish -ación -ation suffix.Compare Italian manipolazione , †manipulazione (17th cent.): this and the Spanish word may have a common etymon in the post-classical Latin terminology of alchemy. Compare Portuguese manipulação (1801). Sense 1 was the sole sense recognized in English dictionaries down to and including Todd, 1818. †1. A method of digging silver ore. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Manipulation, a term used in the mines, to signify the manner of digging the silver, &c. out of the earth. 1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) II . 1818 H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. Manipulation.] 2. Chemistry. The action of handling apparatus, reagents, etc., in experiments; experimental procedure; an instance or example of this. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > method of handling apparatus manipulation1796 1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 482 It is only by an exact similarity in all the essential points of Manipulation, that results exactly similar can be expected. 1805 W. Saunders Treat. Mineral Waters (ed. 2) 354 The various sources of inaccuracy to which chemical manipulations are liable. 1827 M. Faraday MS Lect. Notes (Royal Inst. MS F4C) p. xi, in B. Jones Life (1870) I. 396 The word manipulation,..though not usual in ordinary language, is so peculiarly expressive of the great object of these lectures, that I could not hesitate a moment to use it. 1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. p. iii The ultimate objects of an experiment, and also the particular contrivance or mode by which those ultimate results are to be produced, being mental, there remains the mere performance of it, which may properly be expressed by the term manipulation. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Manipulation,..in pharmacy, the preparation of drugs. 1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 48 The average amount of ash obtained by laboratory manipulation. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 519/1 The Greek χυμεία, pouring, infusion, used in connexion with the study of the juices of plants, and thence extended to chemical manipulations. 1925 W. Cather Professor's House i. xiii. 146 His conception was right, but very delicate manipulation was necessary, and he was a careless experimentor. 3. a. gen. The action or an act of manipulating something; handling; dexterity. Also (occasionally): the making of hand motions. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > performing practical operations > upon something working?a1425 subaction1626 subagitation1653 manipulation1801 manipulating1868 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or control > [noun] handlinga1250 working?a1425 managing1579 wielding1581 wieldance1634 managery1654 manipulation1801 manoeuvre1834 operation1872 1801 W. Dupré Lexicographia-neologica Gallica 170 Manipulation, manipulation; hand-labour. This word was heretofore confined to imply such chymical operations as were employed in working minerals, but has now obtained a greater extent, and is used to signify all kinds of labour by hand. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. l. 536 However tedious some of the foregoing manipulations may seem, they are..much less so than those required in several other branches of Natural History. 1846 W. Greener Sci. Gunnery (new ed.) 403 The manipulation of this musket. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xx. 40 In the zeal of her manipulations, the young disciple had contrived to snatch a pair of gloves and a ribbon, which she had adroitly slipped into her sleeves. 1853 F. W. Faber All for Jesus (1854) 246 A profound reverence for all the benedictions of the Church, for her sacraments, forms, and manipulations. 1878 A. H. Markham Great Frozen Sea xv. 206 To handle delicate instruments, the manipulation of which, even in a temperate climate, requires the utmost care. 1879 J. J. Young Ceramic Art 41 In Oriental work..we..find skill in manipulation, similitude in drawing, and beauty in color. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 11 Mar. 4/2 The pilot..might..by skilful manipulation of the equilibrator, succeed in recovering his equilibrium. 1976 T. Hooper Guide to Bees & Honey vi. 119 Before opening a colony for examination, collect together all the things you are likely to need for the manipulation, such as hive tool, queen excluders, supers, etc. 1986 Washington Post 21 Dec. d3/4 These..involve the manipulation of huge numbers of atoms, and are crude compared with the manipulations the nanotechnologists hope to achieve—one atom at a time. b. Medicine. Manual examination or treatment of a part of the body, esp. the production of specific passive movements of joints in chiropractic, osteopathy, or physiotherapy. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > by physical means > by touch touch1771 manipulation1817 palpation1844 1817 Edinb. Monthly Mag. 1 38 To expose her heart..to the manipulation of a cordiologist. 1824 A. Dods Pathol. Observ. Spine iv. ii. 213 It is for the purpose..of supplying the defect of friction to such muscles as we cannot reach, together with the endeavour to return the displaced vertebræ to their natural situations, that I make use of manipulation. 1872 T. G. Thomas Pract. Treat. Dis. Women (ed. 3) 72 Conjoined manipulation is of great importance. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 475 Squelchy sounds on manipulation are not certain signs of ectasis. 1925 Lancet 12 Sept. 529/1 An attempt will be made..to point out the underlying pathology of those chronic affections of the knee-joint following injury that may be cured or markedly alleviated by that valuable and often brilliant therapeutic measure, manipulation. 1927 Glasgow Herald 29 Dec. 4/1 Setting right a joint by manipulation is different from killing a spirochaete with salvarsan. 1986 Annabel Aug. 83/4 Expert advice on caring for your spine, exercise, physiotherapy, and manipulation..are all available. 1991 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Nov. 1298/1 There seems to be agreement that manipulation involves a high velocity thrust to a joint beyond its restricted range of movement. 4. The action or an act of managing or directing a person, etc., esp. in a skilful manner; the exercise of subtle, underhand, or devious influence or control over a person, organization, etc.; interference, tampering. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] > management or administration > manner of > unfairly or for one's own advantage manipulation1828 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [noun] > manipulation or exploitation manipulation1828 exploitation1832 exploitage1864 over-exploitation1916 puppeteering1920 stitch-up1980 society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > specific operations or arrangements > disreputable poison pill1653 rig1826 cornering1841 wash-sale1848 washing1849 market-rigging1851 corner1853 watering1868 wreck1876 manipulation1888 wash1891 market mongering1901 matched orders1903 grey market1933 bond washing1937 warehousing1971 bed-and-breakfasting1974 dawn raid1980 1828 W. F. Napier Hist. War Peninsula I. 6 The organization of Napoleon's army was simple, the administration vigorous, the manipulations well contrived. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic xi. 364 No manipulation, no analysis, of these Truths previously demonstrated would enable him to evolve from them..the measure of this particular angle. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvii. 611 The third estate..was only too susceptible of royal manipulation. 1888 Nation (N.Y.) 9 Aug. 107/2 Manipulation signifies a common understanding and design on the part of a clique of operators to raise or depress values in order to get other people's money. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 26 Aug. 2/2 The opportunity for market manipulation is obvious. 1923 J. T. MacCurdy Probl. Dynamic Psychol. xi. 121 Manipulation of rapport is thus made the core of psychoanalytic treatment. 1957 A. E. Stevenson New Amer. iii. viii. 203 For there has appeared recently..revealing evidence of the distortion and manipulation of the news—not by the press, but to the press. 1977 P. Scott Staying On (1978) viii. 142 I do not know whether goodwill has been considered in all your figurings and workings and manipulations. 1988 M. Dibdin Ratking ii. 56 His real business is currency manipulation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1728
随便看	differencingly differency different different coloured different than different-minded differentia differentiabilities differentiability differentiable differentiable function differentiae differential differential amplifier differential analyser differential calculus differential coefficient differential diagnosis differential equation differential gear differential gearing differential gene expression differential geometry differential gps differential lock