marian.¹

Brit.

/məˈrɪə/, U.S.

/məˈriə/

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish Maria.

Etymology: < Spanish Maria (1748 in the passage translated in quot. 1758), specific application of the name of the Virgin Mary (see Mary n.¹). In the slightly earlier compound maria-tree after Spanish árbol de María, lit. ‘tree of Mary’. Compare earlier Santa Maria n.

A large tropical American tree, Calophyllum brasiliense (family Clusiaceae ( Guttiferae)), used as a source of timber, oil, and resin. More fully maria-tree. See also Santa Maria n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > balm trees or plants

balsamc1000

balma1387

balsamuma1398

bdelliuma1398

balm-tree1601

balsam-tree1601

balsamum-tree1603

Balm of Gileada1701

opobalsamum1737

maria1745

Balm of Gilead shrub1754

hyawa1825

Balm of Gilead fir1833

balm-shrub1841

balsam-fir1865

balsam-poplar1882

mountain balm1887

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 168 The Maria-Tree is lofty, and its Leaves not quite unlike the Bay, but larger and thicker.

1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. I. i. vi. 50 The cedar, the maria, and the balsam tree.

1969 T. H. Everett Living Trees of World xxv. 249/2 The chief New World Calophyllum is the maria (C. braziliense), which ranges over vast areas of tropical America.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Marian.²adj.

Brit.

/ˈmarɪə/,

/ˈmʌrɪə/, U.S.

/ˈmɑriə/,

/ˈməriə/

Inflections: Plural Marias, unchanged.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi maṛiā.

Etymology: Apparently < Hindi maṛiā, of unknown origin. Compare Muria n. and adj. and etymological note at that entry.It is possible that some examples of Maria may represent a form of the word with a long vowel in the first syllable, influenced by the alternative name māṛī (compare quots. 1827 at sense A. 1, 1909 at sense A. 1).

A. n.²

1. A member of a jungle-dwelling Dravidian people of central India.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > Dravidian peoples > person

Tamilian1765

Gond1810

Tamil1859

Maria1861

Muria1861

Kurukh1872

1827 R. Jenkins Rep. Territories Rajah of Nagpore ii. 33 The wildest of these Gonds are the Marees. They generally go in a state of complete nudity, and even their women have no covering, but aprons of leaves.]

1861 Selections from Rec. Govt. India (Foreign Dept.) xxx. 8 The Moreas are distributed over the north of the dependency and the vicinity of Jugdulpore, and the Marias to the south and west of it.

1863 Sel. Rec. Govt. India Foreign Dept. No. 39. 14 The population is composed mainly of Marias and Telingas.

1909 G. A. Grierson Ling. Surv. India IV. 529 The Māṛīs or Maṛiās are the most numerous of the various Gōṇḍ tribes in Bastar...They inhabit the densest jungles.

1938 W. V. Grigson Maria Gonds of Bastar i. iii. 37 In 1931 the tribes enumerated as Gonds in the previous three censuses were separately enumerated under the names Bhattra, Gond, Maria, Muria, Koya and Parja.

1938 W. V. Grigson Maria Gonds of Bastar iii. 49 I divide the so-called Marias into two divisions, the Hill Marias of the Abujhmar mountains, and the Bison-horn Marias.

1944 I. Singh Gondwana & Gonds ii. 22 The Marias formerly roamed about in a state of nature and then..adopted leaves and barks as their garments.

1962 Listener 29 Nov. 893/1 Every young member of Indian jungle tribes like the Maria.

2. The Dravidian language of the Marias.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Elamo-Dravidian > [noun] > Dravidian > Gondi

Gondi1855

Gond1856

Maria1863

Khond1881

1863 Sel. Rec. Govt. India Foreign Dept. No. 39. 14 The language in this talook is Teloogoo and Maria.

1992 Internat. Encycl. Linguistics I. 378/1 Maria: around 78,500 speakers reported in 1971.

B. adj. (attributive).

Designating or relating to the Marias.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > Dravidian peoples

Tamilian1765

Tamulic1789

Maler1811

Telugu1816

Rajmahali1851

Gond1855

Muriaa1863

Malayali1897

Maria1908

1908 Imperial Gazetteer India (new ed.) VII. 123 The Māria Gonds have a language peculiar to themselves.

1942 A. N. Mitchell (title) A grammar of Maria Gondi as spoken by the Bison Horn or Dandami Marias of Bastar State.

1967 Biennial Rev. Anthropol. 5 166 Edward Jay (170) describes alcohol use among the Hill Maria Gond.

1999 Sanctuary (Electronic ed.) Aug. Urban people tend to jump to the conclusion that adivasi communities such as the Maria Gond are impoverished and unfortunate.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	maria
释义	marian.¹ Brit. /məˈrɪə/, U.S. /məˈriə/ Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish Maria. Etymology: < Spanish Maria (1748 in the passage translated in quot. 1758), specific application of the name of the Virgin Mary (see Mary n.¹). In the slightly earlier compound maria-tree after Spanish árbol de María, lit. ‘tree of Mary’. Compare earlier Santa Maria n. A large tropical American tree, Calophyllum brasiliense (family Clusiaceae ( Guttiferae)), used as a source of timber, oil, and resin. More fully maria-tree. See also Santa Maria n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > balm trees or plants balsamc1000 balma1387 balsamuma1398 bdelliuma1398 balm-tree1601 balsam-tree1601 balsamum-tree1603 Balm of Gileada1701 opobalsamum1737 maria1745 Balm of Gilead shrub1754 hyawa1825 Balm of Gilead fir1833 balm-shrub1841 balsam-fir1865 balsam-poplar1882 mountain balm1887 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 168 The Maria-Tree is lofty, and its Leaves not quite unlike the Bay, but larger and thicker. 1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. I. i. vi. 50 The cedar, the maria, and the balsam tree. 1969 T. H. Everett Living Trees of World xxv. 249/2 The chief New World Calophyllum is the maria (C. braziliense), which ranges over vast areas of tropical America. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Marian.²adj. Brit. /ˈmarɪə/, /ˈmʌrɪə/, U.S. /ˈmɑriə/, /ˈməriə/ Inflections: Plural Marias, unchanged. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi maṛiā. Etymology: Apparently < Hindi maṛiā, of unknown origin. Compare Muria n. and adj. and etymological note at that entry.It is possible that some examples of Maria may represent a form of the word with a long vowel in the first syllable, influenced by the alternative name māṛī (compare quots. 1827 at sense A. 1, 1909 at sense A. 1). A. n.² 1. A member of a jungle-dwelling Dravidian people of central India. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > Dravidian peoples > person Tamilian1765 Gond1810 Tamil1859 Maria1861 Muria1861 Kurukh1872 1827 R. Jenkins Rep. Territories Rajah of Nagpore ii. 33 The wildest of these Gonds are the Marees. They generally go in a state of complete nudity, and even their women have no covering, but aprons of leaves.] 1861 Selections from Rec. Govt. India (Foreign Dept.) xxx. 8 The Moreas are distributed over the north of the dependency and the vicinity of Jugdulpore, and the Marias to the south and west of it. 1863 Sel. Rec. Govt. India Foreign Dept. No. 39. 14 The population is composed mainly of Marias and Telingas. 1909 G. A. Grierson Ling. Surv. India IV. 529 The Māṛīs or Maṛiās are the most numerous of the various Gōṇḍ tribes in Bastar...They inhabit the densest jungles. 1938 W. V. Grigson Maria Gonds of Bastar i. iii. 37 In 1931 the tribes enumerated as Gonds in the previous three censuses were separately enumerated under the names Bhattra, Gond, Maria, Muria, Koya and Parja. 1938 W. V. Grigson Maria Gonds of Bastar iii. 49 I divide the so-called Marias into two divisions, the Hill Marias of the Abujhmar mountains, and the Bison-horn Marias. 1944 I. Singh Gondwana & Gonds ii. 22 The Marias formerly roamed about in a state of nature and then..adopted leaves and barks as their garments. 1962 Listener 29 Nov. 893/1 Every young member of Indian jungle tribes like the Maria. 2. The Dravidian language of the Marias. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Elamo-Dravidian > [noun] > Dravidian > Gondi Gondi1855 Gond1856 Maria1863 Khond1881 1863 Sel. Rec. Govt. India Foreign Dept. No. 39. 14 The language in this talook is Teloogoo and Maria. 1992 Internat. Encycl. Linguistics I. 378/1 Maria: around 78,500 speakers reported in 1971. B. adj. (attributive). Designating or relating to the Marias. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > Dravidian peoples Tamilian1765 Tamulic1789 Maler1811 Telugu1816 Rajmahali1851 Gond1855 Muriaa1863 Malayali1897 Maria1908 1908 Imperial Gazetteer India (new ed.) VII. 123 The Māria Gonds have a language peculiar to themselves. 1942 A. N. Mitchell (title) A grammar of Maria Gondi as spoken by the Bison Horn or Dandami Marias of Bastar State. 1967 Biennial Rev. Anthropol. 5 166 Edward Jay (170) describes alcohol use among the Hill Maria Gond. 1999 Sanctuary (Electronic ed.) Aug. Urban people tend to jump to the conclusion that adivasi communities such as the Maria Gond are impoverished and unfortunate. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1745n.²adj.1861
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marian.1

Marian.2adj.

marian.¹

Marian.²adj.