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单词 maria
释义

marian.1

Brit. /məˈrɪə/, U.S. /məˈriə/
Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish Maria.
Etymology: < Spanish Maria (1748 in the passage translated in quot. 1758), specific application of the name of the Virgin Mary (see Mary n.1). In the slightly earlier compound maria-tree after Spanish árbol de María, lit. ‘tree of Mary’. Compare earlier Santa Maria n.
A large tropical American tree, Calophyllum brasiliense (family Clusiaceae ( Guttiferae)), used as a source of timber, oil, and resin. More fully maria-tree. See also Santa Maria n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > balm trees or plants
balsamc1000
balma1387
balsamuma1398
bdelliuma1398
balm-tree1601
balsam-tree1601
balsamum-tree1603
Balm of Gileada1701
opobalsamum1737
maria1745
Balm of Gilead shrub1754
hyawa1825
Balm of Gilead fir1833
balm-shrub1841
balsam-fir1865
balsam-poplar1882
mountain balm1887
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 168 The Maria-Tree is lofty, and its Leaves not quite unlike the Bay, but larger and thicker.
1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. I. i. vi. 50 The cedar, the maria, and the balsam tree.
1969 T. H. Everett Living Trees of World xxv. 249/2 The chief New World Calophyllum is the maria (C. braziliense), which ranges over vast areas of tropical America.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Marian.2adj.

Brit. /ˈmarɪə/, /ˈmʌrɪə/, U.S. /ˈmɑriə/, /ˈməriə/
Inflections: Plural Marias, unchanged.
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi maṛiā.
Etymology: Apparently < Hindi maṛiā, of unknown origin. Compare Muria n. and adj. and etymological note at that entry.It is possible that some examples of Maria may represent a form of the word with a long vowel in the first syllable, influenced by the alternative name māṛī (compare quots. 1827 at sense A. 1, 1909 at sense A. 1).
A. n.2
1. A member of a jungle-dwelling Dravidian people of central India.
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the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > Dravidian peoples > person
Tamilian1765
Gond1810
Tamil1859
Maria1861
Muria1861
Kurukh1872
1827 R. Jenkins Rep. Territories Rajah of Nagpore ii. 33 The wildest of these Gonds are the Marees. They generally go in a state of complete nudity, and even their women have no covering, but aprons of leaves.]
1861 Selections from Rec. Govt. India (Foreign Dept.) xxx. 8 The Moreas are distributed over the north of the dependency and the vicinity of Jugdulpore, and the Marias to the south and west of it.
1863 Sel. Rec. Govt. India Foreign Dept. No. 39. 14 The population is composed mainly of Marias and Telingas.
1909 G. A. Grierson Ling. Surv. India IV. 529 The Māṛīs or Maṛiās are the most numerous of the various Gōṇḍ tribes in Bastar...They inhabit the densest jungles.
1938 W. V. Grigson Maria Gonds of Bastar i. iii. 37 In 1931 the tribes enumerated as Gonds in the previous three censuses were separately enumerated under the names Bhattra, Gond, Maria, Muria, Koya and Parja.
1938 W. V. Grigson Maria Gonds of Bastar iii. 49 I divide the so-called Marias into two divisions, the Hill Marias of the Abujhmar mountains, and the Bison-horn Marias.
1944 I. Singh Gondwana & Gonds ii. 22 The Marias formerly roamed about in a state of nature and then..adopted leaves and barks as their garments.
1962 Listener 29 Nov. 893/1 Every young member of Indian jungle tribes like the Maria.
2. The Dravidian language of the Marias.
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the mind > language > languages of the world > Elamo-Dravidian > [noun] > Dravidian > Gondi
Gondi1855
Gond1856
Maria1863
Khond1881
1863 Sel. Rec. Govt. India Foreign Dept. No. 39. 14 The language in this talook is Teloogoo and Maria.
1992 Internat. Encycl. Linguistics I. 378/1 Maria: around 78,500 speakers reported in 1971.
B. adj. (attributive).
Designating or relating to the Marias.
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the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > Dravidian peoples
Tamilian1765
Tamulic1789
Maler1811
Telugu1816
Rajmahali1851
Gond1855
Muriaa1863
Malayali1897
Maria1908
1908 Imperial Gazetteer India (new ed.) VII. 123 The Māria Gonds have a language peculiar to themselves.
1942 A. N. Mitchell (title) A grammar of Maria Gondi as spoken by the Bison Horn or Dandami Marias of Bastar State.
1967 Biennial Rev. Anthropol. 5 166 Edward Jay (170) describes alcohol use among the Hill Maria Gond.
1999 Sanctuary (Electronic ed.) Aug. Urban people tend to jump to the conclusion that adivasi communities such as the Maria Gond are impoverished and unfortunate.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.11745n.2adj.1861
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