negativismn.

Brit.

/ˈnɛɡətᵻvɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈnɛɡədəˌvɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: negative adj., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < negative adj. + -ism suffix.

1. The habit or practice of denying any accepted belief or assertion; the practice of being or tendency to be negative, critical, or sceptical in attitude while failing to offer positive suggestions or views. Esp. in early use contrasted with positivism.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > doctrine > [noun] > by denial

negativism1824

negatism1858

1824 in F. Perthes Mem. (1856) II. xx. 295 The superlative of positivism is a bedlamite: of negativism a cipher.

1865 Athenæum No. 1949. 312/3 The negativism which Comte calls positivism.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire v. 208 The inundation of Europe by the literature of negativism and repudiation.

1946 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 51 409/1 Its distinguishing feature was a general rebelliousness, expressed in various shades of negativism, from mildly cynical humor to scathing denunciation.

1963 B. Friedan Feminine Mystique viii. 188 It's easy for the professional social critic to blame the younger generation..for the empty negativism of beatnikery.

1975 New Left Rev. Nov. 48 Popper's philosophy could be described as ‘negativism’.

1990 Daily Tel. 14 Nov. 20/1 Our future must lie with Europe and..there is a ‘middle way’ between the grandiose federalism of M Delors and the negativism of Mrs Thatcher.

2. Psychology. Active or passive resistance to producing the expected response to a stimulus, command, request, etc.; negative or oppositional behaviour or thought.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > other mental illnesses

neurosis1783

mutism1824

Americanitis1882

lata1884

miryachit1884

negativism1892

obsession1892

ressentiment1896

resentment1899

pseudologia1903

echopraxia1904

complex1907

pseudo-homosexuality1908

regression1910

kleptolagnia1917

sadomasochism1919

poriomania1921

superiority complex1921

martyr complex1926

rejection1931

nemesism1938

acting out1945

catathymia1949

elective mutism1950

psychosyndrome1965

panic attack1966

Munchausen syndrome by proxy1977

Polle syndrome1977

panic disorder1978

chronic factitious disorder1980

bigorexia1985

fabricated or induced illness1994

selective mutism1999

1892 D. H. Tuke Dict. Psychol. Med. II. 724/2 As soon as we attempt to produce passive movements of any part of the patient's body, we meet almost always with a powerful resistance; the groups of muscles antagonistic to the attempted movement commence to contract energetically—this has been termed the symptom of negativism.

1902 A. R. Diefendorf tr. E. Kraepelin Clin. Psychiatry 63 Negativism consists in the reaction to stimuli which are [sic] the reverse of the normal reaction.

1916 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Wit & its Relation to Unconsc. iii. vi. 278 This..behavior of antagonistic relationships is probably not without value for the understanding of the symptom of negativism in neurotics and in the insane.

1947 G. Murphy Personality ii. ix. 218 Negativism appears..at any period in which the external interference is insufficient to redirect behavior but is sufficient to necessitate an extra effort in continuing one's own activities.

1969 Sci. Jrnl. June 72/2 The patient continued to maintain his negativism and said ‘I don't know’.

1971 Publishers' Weekly 30 Aug. 209/3 Solutions to the problems of fear, tension, guilt, loneliness, and negativism.

1981 A. Hutschnecker Hope Introd. 18 People can learn to turn existing inner negativism into a positive outlook on life.

3. Refusal to cooperate or agree; hostility, antagonism, opposition. Cf. negative adj. 4b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [noun]

unthankc893

witherwardnessc897

witherOE

wrakea1023

ungrithlOE

feythhed1297

grill13..

ill1303

unfriendshipa1340

enmity?a1400

feuda1400

despitec1400

unkindnessc1400

ingratitude1477

barrace1488

disfriendship1493

hostility1531

dislovea1533

adversation1543

diskindness1596

disaffection1599

ill blood1624

disaffectedness1625

inimicalness1651

unfriendlinessa1684

animus1795

inimicality1797

virus1866

negativism1977

1977 Sci. Amer. May 139/3 The third example showed ‘adamant negativism’ on the part of the U.S.S.R. in a matter of the verification of prohibited biological weapons.

1978 Stud. Eng. Lit.: Eng. Number (Tokyo) 176 This negativism took the form of an opposition towards the metropolis and its fashions.

1985 P. Ziegler Mountbatten iii. xxix. 367 Nehru had presented him as a monster of negativism, a man who would agree to nothing because it might split his followers if he did.

1986 N.Y. Times 13 Nov. d27/1 The law was defeated partly because of voter negativism about other issues and races.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	negativism
释义	negativismn. Brit. /ˈnɛɡətᵻvɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈnɛɡədəˌvɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: negative adj., -ism suffix. Etymology: < negative adj. + -ism suffix. 1. The habit or practice of denying any accepted belief or assertion; the practice of being or tendency to be negative, critical, or sceptical in attitude while failing to offer positive suggestions or views. Esp. in early use contrasted with positivism. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > doctrine > [noun] > by denial negativism1824 negatism1858 1824 in F. Perthes Mem. (1856) II. xx. 295 The superlative of positivism is a bedlamite: of negativism a cipher. 1865 Athenæum No. 1949. 312/3 The negativism which Comte calls positivism. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire v. 208 The inundation of Europe by the literature of negativism and repudiation. 1946 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 51 409/1 Its distinguishing feature was a general rebelliousness, expressed in various shades of negativism, from mildly cynical humor to scathing denunciation. 1963 B. Friedan Feminine Mystique viii. 188 It's easy for the professional social critic to blame the younger generation..for the empty negativism of beatnikery. 1975 New Left Rev. Nov. 48 Popper's philosophy could be described as ‘negativism’. 1990 Daily Tel. 14 Nov. 20/1 Our future must lie with Europe and..there is a ‘middle way’ between the grandiose federalism of M Delors and the negativism of Mrs Thatcher. 2. Psychology. Active or passive resistance to producing the expected response to a stimulus, command, request, etc.; negative or oppositional behaviour or thought. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > other mental illnesses neurosis1783 mutism1824 Americanitis1882 lata1884 miryachit1884 negativism1892 obsession1892 ressentiment1896 resentment1899 pseudologia1903 echopraxia1904 complex1907 pseudo-homosexuality1908 regression1910 kleptolagnia1917 sadomasochism1919 poriomania1921 superiority complex1921 martyr complex1926 rejection1931 nemesism1938 acting out1945 catathymia1949 elective mutism1950 psychosyndrome1965 panic attack1966 Munchausen syndrome by proxy1977 Polle syndrome1977 panic disorder1978 chronic factitious disorder1980 bigorexia1985 fabricated or induced illness1994 selective mutism1999 1892 D. H. Tuke Dict. Psychol. Med. II. 724/2 As soon as we attempt to produce passive movements of any part of the patient's body, we meet almost always with a powerful resistance; the groups of muscles antagonistic to the attempted movement commence to contract energetically—this has been termed the symptom of negativism. 1902 A. R. Diefendorf tr. E. Kraepelin Clin. Psychiatry 63 Negativism consists in the reaction to stimuli which are [sic] the reverse of the normal reaction. 1916 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Wit & its Relation to Unconsc. iii. vi. 278 This..behavior of antagonistic relationships is probably not without value for the understanding of the symptom of negativism in neurotics and in the insane. 1947 G. Murphy Personality ii. ix. 218 Negativism appears..at any period in which the external interference is insufficient to redirect behavior but is sufficient to necessitate an extra effort in continuing one's own activities. 1969 Sci. Jrnl. June 72/2 The patient continued to maintain his negativism and said ‘I don't know’. 1971 Publishers' Weekly 30 Aug. 209/3 Solutions to the problems of fear, tension, guilt, loneliness, and negativism. 1981 A. Hutschnecker Hope Introd. 18 People can learn to turn existing inner negativism into a positive outlook on life. 3. Refusal to cooperate or agree; hostility, antagonism, opposition. Cf. negative adj. 4b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [noun] unthankc893 witherwardnessc897 witherOE wrakea1023 ungrithlOE feythhed1297 grill13.. ill1303 unfriendshipa1340 enmity?a1400 feuda1400 despitec1400 unkindnessc1400 ingratitude1477 barrace1488 disfriendship1493 hostility1531 dislovea1533 adversation1543 diskindness1596 disaffection1599 ill blood1624 disaffectedness1625 inimicalness1651 unfriendlinessa1684 animus1795 inimicality1797 virus1866 negativism1977 1977 Sci. Amer. May 139/3 The third example showed ‘adamant negativism’ on the part of the U.S.S.R. in a matter of the verification of prohibited biological weapons. 1978 Stud. Eng. Lit.: Eng. Number (Tokyo) 176 This negativism took the form of an opposition towards the metropolis and its fashions. 1985 P. Ziegler Mountbatten iii. xxix. 367 Nehru had presented him as a monster of negativism, a man who would agree to nothing because it might split his followers if he did. 1986 N.Y. Times 13 Nov. d27/1 The law was defeated partly because of voter negativism about other issues and races. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1824
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