balsamn.adj.

/ˈbɔːlsəm/

Forms: Old English balsam, balzam, balzama; 1500s–1600s balsome, 1600s balsum, balsame, 1600s–1700s balsom, 1600s– balsam.

Etymology: < Latin balsamum: see balsamum n. Found already in Old English as balsam , balzam (neuter), and balzama , -e , weak ? masculine or feminine; then not till c1600, the general popular sense having been meanwhile supplied by basme , baume from French (see balm n.¹), and the more specific sense, from the Renaissance, by the Latin balsamum unchanged, and occasionally by Italian balsamo: see these words.

A. n.

I. The aromatic resinous product.

a. An aromatic vegetable juice; = balm n.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific

myrrheOE

balsamc1000

galbanec1000

draganta1300

sandragon1334

gum arabica1350

storaxa1382

galbanum1382

asafœtidaa1398

cinnabara1398

guttaa1398

frankincensea1400

labdanuma1400

opopanaxa1400

gum-arabicc1400

sarcocolc1400

ammoniacc1420

gristle?1537

ladanum1551

dragon's blood1555

benzoin1558

styrax1558

tragacanth1558

gum tragacanth1562

amber1565

anime1577

laser1578

benjamin1580

sarcocolla1584

bdellium1585

sagapenum1597

liquidambar1598

red gum1614

gamboge1615

laudanum1616

gum ammoniac1627

male incense1647

sandarac1655

flesh-glue1659

adragant1696

dammar1698

sagapen1712

gum-dragon1718

courbaril1753

gum-senegal1760

Jew's frankincense1760

guggul1813

angico1821

gum-kino1830

butea gum1832

piney varnish1832

Kuteera gum1838

acaroid1839

bumbo1839

thus1842

gum-juniper1844

piney dammar1846

acacine1855

mochras1856

talha1857

copalm balsam1858

gum benjamin1859

wattle-gum1863

Senegal gum1867

Suakin1874

Barbary gum1875

oliva1882

ledon1885

jatoba1890

mimosa gum1890

xylan1894

gum accroides1909

karaya1916

c1000 Sax. Leechd. ii. lxiv Þis is balzaman smyring wiþ eallum untrumnessum.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. ii. lxiv Cruc on þam heafde..sceal on balzame beon.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 26 A very cleare and odoriferous Gumme..which some called Balsom.

a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) IV. 526 The Trees..In od'rous Balsam bleed away.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 16 Gems, spices, and balsams brought from India and Arabia.

b. specifically: true balsam, or balsam of Mecca, the earliest known sort, is Balm of Gilead n. at balm n.¹ Phrases The discovery of America brought knowledge of many other natural balsams or oleo-resins, e.g. balsam of Acouchi, balsam of Copaiba, balsam of Peru, balsam of Tolu, all used medicinally.Canada balsam: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > balsam > specific

opobalsamuma1398

opobalsam1526

Samaritan's balsam1640

Peruvian balsam1666

balsam of Tolu1671

tolu balsam1671

true balsam1671

balsam of saturn1694

balm of Mecca1717

balsam of Mecca1721

friar's balsam1753

Canada balsam1754

balsam of Peru1771

Riga balsam1793

balsam of Acouchi1830

solid balsam1836

Sonsonate1852

Balm of Gilead-

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxiii. 444 Balsamum verum, the true Balsam..is the chief of the Oyls and Balsams in the world.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxiii. 444 Balsam of Tolu..hath the same virtue with the former.

1721 London Gaz. No. 5939/2 Six Pots of Balsam of Mecca.

1771 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. (ed. 4) 43 Slips of..Linen, moistened with Balsam of Peru.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 127 Balsam of Acouchi is produced by Icica acuchina.

a. An aromatic oily or resinous medicinal preparation, usually for external application, for healing wounds or soothing pain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > balsam

balm1393

balsamumc1540

lenitive1563

balsamo1594

balsam1597

1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 582 A balsam, take oyle oliue one pint, S. Iohns wort, Betony, Centory, & Selfeheale, ana one handfull.

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 49 This Vnguent is a sure Balsame for wounds of any sort.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxix. 490 Balsams..are made of Oyl, Butter, Fat, Suet, Gums, Rosins, and other things which will mix or melt.

1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week vi. 58 His pills, his balsoms, and his Ague spells.

1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland Songs & Ballads 236 Ah! no balsam e'er shall heal him.

b. specifically, of various substances dissolved in oil or turpentine, as balsam of aniseed, balsam of saturn, balsam of steel, balsam of sulphur.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > balsam > specific

opobalsamuma1398

opobalsam1526

Samaritan's balsam1640

Peruvian balsam1666

balsam of Tolu1671

tolu balsam1671

true balsam1671

balsam of saturn1694

balm of Mecca1717

balsam of Mecca1721

friar's balsam1753

Canada balsam1754

balsam of Peru1771

Riga balsam1793

balsam of Acouchi1830

solid balsam1836

Sonsonate1852

Balm of Gilead-

1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 200 Balsam of Sulphur..made with Oyl of Turpentine and Brimstone.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Balm Balsam of Sulphur anisated, is drawn from Oil of green Anise and Flower of Sulphur dissolved together.

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 128 Fixed oils dissolve sulphur and then form Balsams.

3. figurative. A healing, soothing agent or agency.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > [noun] > act, means, or source of consolation or relief

froverOE

comfortc1386

easec1440

sport1440

consolationc1460

recreatoryc1475

balm1540

balsamumc1540

solace1597

unction1604

balsama1616

demulceation1661

demulsion1661

alleviative1672

mitigation1726

salve1736

soother1794

consolement1797

heart-balm1828

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. v. 108 Is this the Balsome, that the vsuring Senat Powres into Captaines wounds?

1632 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 4) iii. iv. ii. iii. 698 No saluation, no balsome for their diseased soules.

a1764 R. Lloyd To G. Colman in Poet. Wks. (1774) I. 109 From friendship's source the balsam flows.

1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket i. i. 24 Was not the people's blessing..a balsam to thy blood?

†4. transferred in Alchemy. A healthful preservative essence, of oily and softly penetrative nature, conceived by Paracelsus to exist in all organic bodies. Cf. balsamum n. 3. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §43 Radicall balsome, or vitall sulphur of the parts.

1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid i. vi. 25 The humidity of the naturall balsum, which alwayes like a chrystal lyeth on the wound.

1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady ii. iii. 137 The Blood is return'd to its due Degree of Thinness, Fluidity, and Balsam.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Internal balsam..called also gluten naturæ.

†5. = balm n.¹ 2; figurative a preservative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation from decay, loss, or destruction > one who or that which preserves from decay, etc. > that which preserves from decay, loss, etc.

conservea1393

conservativea1398

preservative?a1439

conservator?1440

preservationc1475

preserve1554

conservatory1563

conservice1607

conservatorship1645

preservatory1654

balsam1658

amber1785

embalmer1838

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > [noun] > embalming > substances used in embalming

balma1400

embalmment1620

embalm1642

balsam1753

species1767

syrmaea1833

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall v. 75 Noble acts, which are the balsame of our memories.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Dead Balsam..of myrrh and aloes..for drying and absorbing the humours of dead bodies.

6. Chemistry. Compounds, insoluble in water, consisting of resins mixed with volatile oils. Formerly only those oleo-resinous compounds which contained benzoic acid were called balsams: the French baume has this limited meaning.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > resins and plastics > [noun] > balsams

balsam1682

Mecca balsam1717

oleoresin1853

1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants ii. i. iii. 67 A curious Balsame of a Citrine Colour... I call it a Balsame; because it will not dissolve in water.

1819 J. G. Children Ess. Chem. Anal. 296 Resinous matters which afford benzoic acid when heated..one of the chief characteristics by which balsams are distinguished from resins.

II. Senses relating to trees.

7. A tree yielding balsam: see balm n.¹ 7.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > balm trees or plants

balsamc1000

balma1387

balsamuma1398

bdelliuma1398

balm-tree1601

balsam-tree1601

balsamum-tree1603

Balm of Gileada1701

opobalsamum1737

maria1745

Balm of Gilead shrub1754

hyawa1825

Balm of Gilead fir1833

balm-shrub1841

balsam-fir1865

balsam-poplar1882

mountain balm1887

c1000 Ælfric Gloss. in Wright Voc. (W.) /139 Carpo balsami, balsames blæd. Opobalsamum, balsames tear.

1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. i. 7 Falling like the tears of the balsam of Iudea.

1832 D. J. Browne Sylva Americana 95 This species of spruce..is called Silver Fir, Fir Balsam, and Balsam of Gilead.

1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 629 Balsam of Tolu, a lofty evergreen tree.

III. Senses relating to plants.

8. A flowering plant, of the genus Impatiens, distinguished by its hooded and spurred coloured sepals, and thick succulent stem. Usually applied to Impatiens Balsamina, an ornamental garden flower producing under culture variegated double blossoms; sometimes also to the yellow-flowered I. Noli-tangere, found wild in Britain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > balsam and allied flowers

noli me tangere1563

balsam apple1578

touch-me-not1659

eagle-flower1718

balsam1736

quick-in-hand1744

Capuchin1756

balsamine1785

impatiens1785

jewelweed1817

snap-weed1823

lady's slipper1836

busy Lizzie1938

sultana1938

patient Lucy1940

policeman's helmet1950

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 305 Female Balsams, Larkspurs, Convolvulus.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxvi. 409 A wild species called Yellow Balsam, and also by the familiar names of Quick in hand, or Touch me not.

1884 U.P. Mag. Apr. 149 The stand of balsams in the windows.

†B. adj.

Balmy, deliciously fragrant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [adjective]

sweet900

sootc950

aromatic1366

merrya1398

well-smellinga1398

sweet-smellingc1400

lusciousc1420

savoury?a1425

redolingc1429

redolent?a1439

odorate?1440

flagrant1450

redolentc1450

well-savouringc1450

aromatous1483

softa1500

well-aired1505

balmy1508

ambrosiana1522

embalmeda1529

fragrantc1530

perfumed1538

scented?c1562

scented1567

balm-like1569

sweet1573

aromatizate1576

aromatical1578

Sabaeana1586

ambrosial1590

rich1590

perfumed1591

sweet-scented1591

reperfumed1593

balm-breathing1595

nectaredc1595

spiced1600

fuming1601

fumed1612

scentful1612

balsam1624

perfumy1625

odoraminous1656

aroma-olent1657

suaveolent1657

aromatized1661

essenced1675

balsamy1687

flavorous1697

balsamic1714

well-scented1726

scenty1738

breathing1757

spicy1765

flavouriferous1773

aromal1848

bescented1863

euodic1868

nosy1892

1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) iii. ii. iii. 418 Shee will adventure all her estate..for a Nectarean, a balsome kisse alone.

Compounds

C1. attributive, as in balsam-fir, balsam-oil, balsam-poplar, balsam-tree.

ΘΚΠ

balsamc1000

balma1387

balsamuma1398

bdelliuma1398

balm-tree1601

balsam-tree1601

balsamum-tree1603

Balm of Gileada1701

opobalsamum1737

maria1745

Balm of Gilead shrub1754

hyawa1825

Balm of Gilead fir1833

balm-shrub1841

balsam-fir1865

balsam-poplar1882

mountain balm1887

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > poplars and allies > [noun]

popple1229

popple-tree1229

abele?a1300

poplar1371

black poplar1542

white poplar1542

poppling1570

cotton tree1633

tacamahac1739

Lombardy poplar1766

poplar pine1770

Po poplar1776

grey poplar1782

cottonwood1787

pine poplar1789

liard1809

white-backa1825

necklace poplar1845

silver poplar1847

weather-tree1847

hackmatack1873

bitter-weed1878

balsam-poplar1884

Russian poplar1884

Lombardy1917

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiii. iv. 162 The Balsame oile, called Balm, is of all others most pretious.

1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur ii. 39 The fragrant Balsom-Tree distills around, Her healing Riches.

1807 P. Gass Jrnl. 138 The country is closely timbered with..what some call balsam-fir.

1819 D. Thomas Trav. 93 The true balsam poplar differs greatly in the leaf.

1832 D. J. Browne Sylva Americana 254 This tree which is a genuine Balsam Poplar, is commonly seen growing before the houses.

1849 N. P. Willis Rural Lett. i. 18 I showed the first symptom..by ordering my breakfast under a balsam-fir.

1865 F. Parkman Champlain xii, in Pioneers of France in New World 342 The spruce, hemlock, balsam-fir, or pine.

1882 Garden 14 Jan. 15/2 The Balsam Poplar and the Lombardy grow rapidly near water.

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Balsam Poplar, Populus balsamifera.

1887 Nicholson's Dict. Gard. at Populus P[opulus] balsamifera,..Balm of Gilead; Balsam Poplar; Tacamahac.

C2.

balsam apple n. (or balm apple) (a) name of species of Momordica ( M. Balsamina, M. Charantia), gourd-like plants with highly coloured fruits or ‘apples,’ also called Apple of Jerusalem, and ‘Male’ Balsam Apple. (b) given also to the common garden Balsam (‘Female’ Balsam Apple) because both were called by early herbalists Balsamina: see balsamine n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > balsam apple

balsam apple1578

balsamine1578

marvellous apple1578

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > balsam and allied flowers

noli me tangere1563

balsam apple1578

touch-me-not1659

eagle-flower1718

balsam1736

quick-in-hand1744

Capuchin1756

balsamine1785

impatiens1785

jewelweed1817

snap-weed1823

lady's slipper1836

busy Lizzie1938

sultana1938

patient Lucy1940

policeman's helmet1950

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 441 The one is called the Male Balsem, or Balme apple. The other is called the female Balsem apple.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 290 The male Balsam apple..hath..beene named..apples of Hierusalem [or] Balme apple.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Caranza, the herb called the Balsam apple.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Balsamine, the balsam apple (whose oyle doth close up wounds like Balme).

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique (at cited word) Balm, or Balsam-Apple (Female), a Plant..a Foot and a half high, of a reddish Colour at the Bottom, etc.

balsam-mint n. (also balsamint) alecost n. or Costmary ( Tanacetum balsamita).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > yielding condiments or used in food preparation > [noun] > used to flavour beer > alecost or costmary

costmary?a1425

alecost?c1450

maudlina1475

balm-mint1562

balsam-mint1578

Bible-leaf1851

balsam-tansy1865

c1000 Ælfric Gloss. in Wright Voc. (W.) /136 Sisimbrium, balsminte.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 250 Balsamynte floureth in July and August.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 540 The hearbe called Baltsamint or Costmary.

balsam-tansy n.

ΘΚΠ

costmary?a1425

alecost?c1450

maudlina1475

balm-mint1562

balsam-mint1578

Bible-leaf1851

balsam-tansy1865

1865 Intellectual Observer No. 36. 466 Balsam-tansy acted still more powerfully.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	balsam
释义	balsamn.adj. /ˈbɔːlsəm/ Forms: Old English balsam, balzam, balzama; 1500s–1600s balsome, 1600s balsum, balsame, 1600s–1700s balsom, 1600s– balsam. Etymology: < Latin balsamum: see balsamum n. Found already in Old English as balsam , balzam (neuter), and balzama , -e , weak ? masculine or feminine; then not till c1600, the general popular sense having been meanwhile supplied by basme , baume from French (see balm n.¹), and the more specific sense, from the Renaissance, by the Latin balsamum unchanged, and occasionally by Italian balsamo: see these words. A. n. I. The aromatic resinous product. 1. a. An aromatic vegetable juice; = balm n.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific myrrheOE balsamc1000 galbanec1000 draganta1300 sandragon1334 gum arabica1350 storaxa1382 galbanum1382 asafœtidaa1398 cinnabara1398 guttaa1398 frankincensea1400 labdanuma1400 opopanaxa1400 gum-arabicc1400 sarcocolc1400 ammoniacc1420 gristle?1537 ladanum1551 dragon's blood1555 benzoin1558 styrax1558 tragacanth1558 gum tragacanth1562 amber1565 anime1577 laser1578 benjamin1580 sarcocolla1584 bdellium1585 sagapenum1597 liquidambar1598 red gum1614 gamboge1615 laudanum1616 gum ammoniac1627 male incense1647 sandarac1655 flesh-glue1659 adragant1696 dammar1698 sagapen1712 gum-dragon1718 courbaril1753 gum-senegal1760 Jew's frankincense1760 guggul1813 angico1821 gum-kino1830 butea gum1832 piney varnish1832 Kuteera gum1838 acaroid1839 bumbo1839 thus1842 gum-juniper1844 piney dammar1846 acacine1855 mochras1856 talha1857 copalm balsam1858 gum benjamin1859 wattle-gum1863 Senegal gum1867 Suakin1874 Barbary gum1875 oliva1882 ledon1885 jatoba1890 mimosa gum1890 xylan1894 gum accroides1909 karaya1916 c1000 Sax. Leechd. ii. lxiv Þis is balzaman smyring wiþ eallum untrumnessum. c1000 Sax. Leechd. ii. lxiv Cruc on þam heafde..sceal on balzame beon. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 26 A very cleare and odoriferous Gumme..which some called Balsom. a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) IV. 526 The Trees..In od'rous Balsam bleed away. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 16 Gems, spices, and balsams brought from India and Arabia. b. specifically: true balsam, or balsam of Mecca, the earliest known sort, is Balm of Gilead n. at balm n.¹ Phrases The discovery of America brought knowledge of many other natural balsams or oleo-resins, e.g. balsam of Acouchi, balsam of Copaiba, balsam of Peru, balsam of Tolu, all used medicinally.Canada balsam: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > balsam > specific opobalsamuma1398 opobalsam1526 Samaritan's balsam1640 Peruvian balsam1666 balsam of Tolu1671 tolu balsam1671 true balsam1671 balsam of saturn1694 balm of Mecca1717 balsam of Mecca1721 friar's balsam1753 Canada balsam1754 balsam of Peru1771 Riga balsam1793 balsam of Acouchi1830 solid balsam1836 Sonsonate1852 Balm of Gilead- 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxiii. 444 Balsamum verum, the true Balsam..is the chief of the Oyls and Balsams in the world. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxiii. 444 Balsam of Tolu..hath the same virtue with the former. 1721 London Gaz. No. 5939/2 Six Pots of Balsam of Mecca. 1771 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. (ed. 4) 43 Slips of..Linen, moistened with Balsam of Peru. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 127 Balsam of Acouchi is produced by Icica acuchina. 2. a. An aromatic oily or resinous medicinal preparation, usually for external application, for healing wounds or soothing pain. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > balsam balm1393 balsamumc1540 lenitive1563 balsamo1594 balsam1597 1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 582 A balsam, take oyle oliue one pint, S. Iohns wort, Betony, Centory, & Selfeheale, ana one handfull. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 49 This Vnguent is a sure Balsame for wounds of any sort. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxix. 490 Balsams..are made of Oyl, Butter, Fat, Suet, Gums, Rosins, and other things which will mix or melt. 1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week vi. 58 His pills, his balsoms, and his Ague spells. 1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland Songs & Ballads 236 Ah! no balsam e'er shall heal him. b. specifically, of various substances dissolved in oil or turpentine, as balsam of aniseed, balsam of saturn, balsam of steel, balsam of sulphur. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > balsam > specific opobalsamuma1398 opobalsam1526 Samaritan's balsam1640 Peruvian balsam1666 balsam of Tolu1671 tolu balsam1671 true balsam1671 balsam of saturn1694 balm of Mecca1717 balsam of Mecca1721 friar's balsam1753 Canada balsam1754 balsam of Peru1771 Riga balsam1793 balsam of Acouchi1830 solid balsam1836 Sonsonate1852 Balm of Gilead- 1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 200 Balsam of Sulphur..made with Oyl of Turpentine and Brimstone. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Balm Balsam of Sulphur anisated, is drawn from Oil of green Anise and Flower of Sulphur dissolved together. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 128 Fixed oils dissolve sulphur and then form Balsams. 3. figurative. A healing, soothing agent or agency. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > [noun] > act, means, or source of consolation or relief froverOE comfortc1386 easec1440 sport1440 consolationc1460 recreatoryc1475 balm1540 balsamumc1540 solace1597 unction1604 balsama1616 demulceation1661 demulsion1661 alleviative1672 mitigation1726 salve1736 soother1794 consolement1797 heart-balm1828 a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. v. 108 Is this the Balsome, that the vsuring Senat Powres into Captaines wounds? View more context for this quotation 1632 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 4) iii. iv. ii. iii. 698 No saluation, no balsome for their diseased soules. a1764 R. Lloyd To G. Colman in Poet. Wks. (1774) I. 109 From friendship's source the balsam flows. 1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket i. i. 24 Was not the people's blessing..a balsam to thy blood? †4. transferred in Alchemy. A healthful preservative essence, of oily and softly penetrative nature, conceived by Paracelsus to exist in all organic bodies. Cf. balsamum n. 3. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §43 Radicall balsome, or vitall sulphur of the parts. View more context for this quotation 1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid i. vi. 25 The humidity of the naturall balsum, which alwayes like a chrystal lyeth on the wound. 1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady ii. iii. 137 The Blood is return'd to its due Degree of Thinness, Fluidity, and Balsam. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Internal balsam..called also gluten naturæ. †5. = balm n.¹ 2; figurative a preservative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation from decay, loss, or destruction > one who or that which preserves from decay, etc. > that which preserves from decay, loss, etc. conservea1393 conservativea1398 preservative?a1439 conservator?1440 preservationc1475 preserve1554 conservatory1563 conservice1607 conservatorship1645 preservatory1654 balsam1658 amber1785 embalmer1838 the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > [noun] > embalming > substances used in embalming balma1400 embalmment1620 embalm1642 balsam1753 species1767 syrmaea1833 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall v. 75 Noble acts, which are the balsame of our memories. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Dead Balsam..of myrrh and aloes..for drying and absorbing the humours of dead bodies. 6. Chemistry. Compounds, insoluble in water, consisting of resins mixed with volatile oils. Formerly only those oleo-resinous compounds which contained benzoic acid were called balsams: the French baume has this limited meaning. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > resins and plastics > [noun] > balsams balsam1682 Mecca balsam1717 oleoresin1853 1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants ii. i. iii. 67 A curious Balsame of a Citrine Colour... I call it a Balsame; because it will not dissolve in water. 1819 J. G. Children Ess. Chem. Anal. 296 Resinous matters which afford benzoic acid when heated..one of the chief characteristics by which balsams are distinguished from resins. II. Senses relating to trees. 7. A tree yielding balsam: see balm n.¹ 7. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > balm trees or plants balsamc1000 balma1387 balsamuma1398 bdelliuma1398 balm-tree1601 balsam-tree1601 balsamum-tree1603 Balm of Gileada1701 opobalsamum1737 maria1745 Balm of Gilead shrub1754 hyawa1825 Balm of Gilead fir1833 balm-shrub1841 balsam-fir1865 balsam-poplar1882 mountain balm1887 c1000 Ælfric Gloss. in Wright Voc. (W.) /139 Carpo balsami, balsames blæd. Opobalsamum, balsames tear. 1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. i. 7 Falling like the tears of the balsam of Iudea. 1832 D. J. Browne Sylva Americana 95 This species of spruce..is called Silver Fir, Fir Balsam, and Balsam of Gilead. 1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 629 Balsam of Tolu, a lofty evergreen tree. III. Senses relating to plants. 8. A flowering plant, of the genus Impatiens, distinguished by its hooded and spurred coloured sepals, and thick succulent stem. Usually applied to Impatiens Balsamina, an ornamental garden flower producing under culture variegated double blossoms; sometimes also to the yellow-flowered I. Noli-tangere, found wild in Britain. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > balsam and allied flowers noli me tangere1563 balsam apple1578 touch-me-not1659 eagle-flower1718 balsam1736 quick-in-hand1744 Capuchin1756 balsamine1785 impatiens1785 jewelweed1817 snap-weed1823 lady's slipper1836 busy Lizzie1938 sultana1938 patient Lucy1940 policeman's helmet1950 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 305 Female Balsams, Larkspurs, Convolvulus. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxvi. 409 A wild species called Yellow Balsam, and also by the familiar names of Quick in hand, or Touch me not. 1884 U.P. Mag. Apr. 149 The stand of balsams in the windows. †B. adj. Balmy, deliciously fragrant. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [adjective] sweet900 sootc950 aromatic1366 merrya1398 well-smellinga1398 sweet-smellingc1400 lusciousc1420 savoury?a1425 redolingc1429 redolent?a1439 odorate?1440 flagrant1450 redolentc1450 well-savouringc1450 aromatous1483 softa1500 well-aired1505 balmy1508 ambrosiana1522 embalmeda1529 fragrantc1530 perfumed1538 scented?c1562 scented1567 balm-like1569 sweet1573 aromatizate1576 aromatical1578 Sabaeana1586 ambrosial1590 rich1590 perfumed1591 sweet-scented1591 reperfumed1593 balm-breathing1595 nectaredc1595 spiced1600 fuming1601 fumed1612 scentful1612 balsam1624 perfumy1625 odoraminous1656 aroma-olent1657 suaveolent1657 aromatized1661 essenced1675 balsamy1687 flavorous1697 balsamic1714 well-scented1726 scenty1738 breathing1757 spicy1765 flavouriferous1773 aromal1848 bescented1863 euodic1868 nosy1892 1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) iii. ii. iii. 418 Shee will adventure all her estate..for a Nectarean, a balsome kisse alone. Compounds C1. attributive, as in balsam-fir, balsam-oil, balsam-poplar, balsam-tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > balm trees or plants balsamc1000 balma1387 balsamuma1398 bdelliuma1398 balm-tree1601 balsam-tree1601 balsamum-tree1603 Balm of Gileada1701 opobalsamum1737 maria1745 Balm of Gilead shrub1754 hyawa1825 Balm of Gilead fir1833 balm-shrub1841 balsam-fir1865 balsam-poplar1882 mountain balm1887 the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > poplars and allies > [noun] popple1229 popple-tree1229 abele?a1300 poplar1371 black poplar1542 white poplar1542 poppling1570 cotton tree1633 tacamahac1739 Lombardy poplar1766 poplar pine1770 Po poplar1776 grey poplar1782 cottonwood1787 pine poplar1789 liard1809 white-backa1825 necklace poplar1845 silver poplar1847 weather-tree1847 hackmatack1873 bitter-weed1878 balsam-poplar1884 Russian poplar1884 Lombardy1917 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiii. iv. 162 The Balsame oile, called Balm, is of all others most pretious. 1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur ii. 39 The fragrant Balsom-Tree distills around, Her healing Riches. 1807 P. Gass Jrnl. 138 The country is closely timbered with..what some call balsam-fir. 1819 D. Thomas Trav. 93 The true balsam poplar differs greatly in the leaf. 1832 D. J. Browne Sylva Americana 254 This tree which is a genuine Balsam Poplar, is commonly seen growing before the houses. 1849 N. P. Willis Rural Lett. i. 18 I showed the first symptom..by ordering my breakfast under a balsam-fir. 1865 F. Parkman Champlain xii, in Pioneers of France in New World 342 The spruce, hemlock, balsam-fir, or pine. 1882 Garden 14 Jan. 15/2 The Balsam Poplar and the Lombardy grow rapidly near water. 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Balsam Poplar, Populus balsamifera. 1887 Nicholson's Dict. Gard. at Populus P[opulus] balsamifera,..Balm of Gilead; Balsam Poplar; Tacamahac. C2. balsam apple n. (or balm apple) (a) name of species of Momordica ( M. Balsamina, M. Charantia), gourd-like plants with highly coloured fruits or ‘apples,’ also called Apple of Jerusalem, and ‘Male’ Balsam Apple. (b) given also to the common garden Balsam (‘Female’ Balsam Apple) because both were called by early herbalists Balsamina: see balsamine n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > balsam apple balsam apple1578 balsamine1578 marvellous apple1578 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > balsam and allied flowers noli me tangere1563 balsam apple1578 touch-me-not1659 eagle-flower1718 balsam1736 quick-in-hand1744 Capuchin1756 balsamine1785 impatiens1785 jewelweed1817 snap-weed1823 lady's slipper1836 busy Lizzie1938 sultana1938 patient Lucy1940 policeman's helmet1950 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 441 The one is called the Male Balsem, or Balme apple. The other is called the female Balsem apple. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 290 The male Balsam apple..hath..beene named..apples of Hierusalem [or] Balme apple. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Caranza, the herb called the Balsam apple. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Balsamine, the balsam apple (whose oyle doth close up wounds like Balme). 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique (at cited word) Balm, or Balsam-Apple (Female), a Plant..a Foot and a half high, of a reddish Colour at the Bottom, etc. balsam-mint n. (also balsamint) alecost n. or Costmary ( Tanacetum balsamita). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > yielding condiments or used in food preparation > [noun] > used to flavour beer > alecost or costmary costmary?a1425 alecost?c1450 maudlina1475 balm-mint1562 balsam-mint1578 Bible-leaf1851 balsam-tansy1865 c1000 Ælfric Gloss. in Wright Voc. (W.) /136 Sisimbrium, balsminte. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 250 Balsamynte floureth in July and August. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 540 The hearbe called Baltsamint or Costmary. balsam-tansy n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > yielding condiments or used in food preparation > [noun] > used to flavour beer > alecost or costmary costmary?a1425 alecost?c1450 maudlina1475 balm-mint1562 balsam-mint1578 Bible-leaf1851 balsam-tansy1865 1865 Intellectual Observer No. 36. 466 Balsam-tansy acted still more powerfully. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). balsamv. /ˈbɔːlsəm/ Etymology: < balsam n. 1. To anoint or impregnate with balsam; to perfume; to heal, salve. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve > relieve (suffering) lissea1000 alightOE allayc1225 softc1225 comfort1297 laya1300 eathea1325 allegea1375 appeasec1374 laska1375 slakea1387 releasea1393 balma1400 to bete one of one's balea1400 to cool a person's caresc1400 delivera1413 leggea1425 mitigate?a1425 repress?a1425 alleviate?a1475 allevya1500 alleve1544 leviate1545 lenify1567 allevate1570 ungrieve1589 straight1604 mulcify1653 balsama1666 solace1667 meliorate1796 a1666 G. Wharton Wks. (1683) 398 Tranquillity succeeds our Brutish Wars, Balsoms our Wounds. a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 57 The Gifts of our young..Age are very sweet, when they are Balsam'd with Discretion. 1800 T. Moore tr. Anacreon Odes lvi. 18 To balsam every mortal woe! 2. intransitive (for reflexive). To anoint oneself with balsam. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > oiliness or greasiness > [verb (intransitive)] > anoint oneself with balsam balsam1846 1846 Sismondi's Lit. Europe II. xxxviii. 520 To bathe and balsam in the streams of joy. 3. transitive. To embalm. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > prepare corpse [verb (transitive)] > embalm balmc1300 embalmc1385 gum1419 anointa1425 seasonc1440 spice?a1475 farce1563 condite1649 balsam1855 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. i. 254 [He] fell down dead..we have had him balsamed and sent home. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.adj.c1000v.a1666
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balsamn.adj.

Compounds

balsamv.