non-participantn.

1864 Ladies' Repository Apr. 198/1 I shall be secure from the sound of billing and cooing so delightful to the newly-mated, so aggravating to the non-participant.

1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi xxxv. 379 Could you, who did not experience it, come nearer to reproducing it [sc. the siege of Vicksburg] to the imagination of another non-participant?

1920 E. Wharton Age of Innocence ii. xxvi. 258 Observing it from the lofty stand-point of a non-participant, she was able..to trace each new crack in its surface, and all the strange weeds pushing up between the ordered rows of social vegetables.

1952 K. Vonnegut in Collier's 25 Oct. 93/2 Those few nonparticipants who dropped in at the church to see the exhibits, and who hadn't heard about the judging, were amazed to find one lonely object..on view.

2000 Family Planning Perspectives 32 63/2 Observed characteristics accounted for any differences between program participants and nonparticipants.