novicen.adj.

Brit.

/ˈnɒvᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈnɑvəs/

Forms:

α. Middle English nouece, Middle English nouyce, Middle English novace, Middle English–1500s novyce, Middle English–1600s nouice, Middle English– novice; also Scottish pre-1700 newice, pre-1700 noveice, pre-1700 nowice.

β. Middle English noues, Middle English nouese, Middle English nouis, Middle English nouys, Middle English nouysce, Middle English novise, Middle English novys, Middle English novyse, Middle English nowys, 1500s nouise, 1500s noves, 1500s novesse, 1500s–1600s nouasse, 1500s–1600s nouesse, 1600s noviz (English regional); also Scottish pre-1700 nawis, pre-1700 noueis, pre-1700 noveis, pre-1700 nowis, pre-1700 nowys.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French novice.

Etymology: As noun < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French novice an inexperienced person (13th cent. in Old French), a probationer in a religious order (1275–80) < classical Latin novīcius (also novīcia , feminine) a newly imported slave, a person who has recently become prominent, in post-classical Latin also a probationer in a religious order (5th cent.), use as noun of novīcius that has lately entered into a certain condition, recently discovered or devised, in post-classical Latin also specifically with reference to a religious novice (5th cent.) < novus new adj. + -īcius (see -itious suffix¹). As adjective < Middle French, French novice inexperienced (1176 in Old French; also attested as noviche (c1280), novisse (c1320)) < classical Latin novīcius , adjective (see above). Compare Spanish novicio , masculine, novicia , feminine (mid 13th cent. in senses A. 1 and A. 2), Portuguese noviço, adjective and noun (late 13th cent.; also attested as †noviçio (15th cent.)), Italian novizio, masculine, novizia, feminine (both 14th cent. as adjective and noun).

A. n.

1. An inexperienced person; a person who is new to the circumstances in which he or she is placed; a beginner, a learner.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > novice or beginner

younglingOE

new-comeOE

novice1340

ginner?c1400

beginner1470

apprentice1489

prentice1489

infant1526

freshmana1557

intrant1560

enterer1565

puny?1570

weakling1575

new comeling1587

novist1587

incipient1589

puisne1592

abecedary1596

neophyte1600

abecedarian1603

bachelor1604

novelist?1608

alphabetary1611

breeching boy1611

tiro1611

alphabetarian1614

principiant1619

unexperienced1622

velvet head1631

undergraduatea1659

young stager1664

greenhorn1672

battledore boy1693

youngster1706

tironist1716

novitiatea1734

recruit1749

griffin1793

initiate1811

Johnny Newcome1815

Johnny Raw1823

griff1829

plebe1833

Johnny-come-lately1839

new chum1851

blanc-bec1853

fledgling1856

rookie1868

elementarian1876

tenderfoot1881

shorthorn1888

new kid1894

cheechako1897

ring-neck1898

Johnny1901

rook1902

fresh meat1908

malihini1914

initiand1915

stooge1930

intakea1943

cub1966

α.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 155 (MED) Þerof byeþ uele herten nouices.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 61 That tyme alle the senate was but as a nouice.

?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) i. xxiii. 172 It were expedient that they were instructe as Nouices, begynners to growe in more perfyte vertues.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 30 Small profit the Novices of these Arts receive by meere Imitation.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 94 Every Novice in Geography knows they were Maritime.

1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World iii. 102 Though they came to us under the name of Veterans, [they] proved to be ignorant Novices.

1795 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regicide France in Wks. VIII. 343 You are but novices in the art of naval resources.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. x. 100 Refraction will deceive a novice on the ice.

1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country ii. 109 As the haschisch-man Prepares a novice to receive his drug.

1894 W. T. Stead If Christ came to Chicago 5 The novice in the sporting house, as well as the hardened old harridan who drives the trade in human flesh, are herded together.

1909 Times 27 Apr. 4/1 The flexibility and ‘pick up’ of the engine were such that the merest novice could handle the car with ease.

1953 G. Brooke Introd. Riding i. 16 During the period that the novice is riding his first mount, he should learn the aids (correct and combined applications of his hands and legs).

1999 Cage & Aviary Birds 14 Aug. 6/3 The complete novice should gain experience by first keeping ‘easy’ species.

β. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 155 Þo byeþase is þe yonge grihound þet is yet al nouis.a1402 J. Trevisa tr. R. Fitzralph Defensio Curatorum (Harl.) (1925) 71 (MED) Who myȝt suffre abliche & here þat Fraunceys, þat was but a nouys in þe fey ordeyne þe wey of parfitnesse of mankynde.1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 8^v Such is the Nature of these nouises that thincke to haue learning without labour, and treasure without trauayle.1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) viii. xxxix. 173 Worthie those Whose reuerent heads collected them from whence true wisedome groes: Not mangled then of Nouesses and curious Doults.

a. A person who has entered a religious order and is under probation or trial before taking the required vows; a candidate for admission into a religious order; a probationer.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > monastic profession > [noun] > novice

monk-childOE

nun-noviceOE

novicec1390

novitiate1517

probationer1629

α.

c1390 (?c1350) St. Bernard 503 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 49 (MED) Whon þat nouices schulden ben schorn, To hem he wolde seye, [etc.].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 129 Nouices [L. neophiti] þat beþ nauȝt I-founde to goddis seruise schulde nouȝt ben I-greued ne I-noyed.

c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 397 Freris..byndynge novycis to unknowen þing.

c1440 (?a1375) Abbey Holy Ghost (Thornton) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 57 (MED) Honeste es Maystresse of þe nouyce, and teches þam alle curtasye.

a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 2361 (MED) Þe nouece þat þis rewle sal lere, Vntil þai be past xv ȝere, Sal be in keping of mastres.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 248/2 Novyce a newe relygious persone, nouice.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clvj^v We thinke mete, that all yong Nouices..be presently remoued from thence.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. iv. 19 Can you so steed me, As bring me to the sight of Isabella, A Nouice of this place.

1663 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures (new ed.) iii. 5 Above four thousand Priests, besides a great Number of Novices.

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. viii. 216 She..was there seated among the novices.

1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. ii. 15 It was very different from the veil of the nun or even of the novice.

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany xv. 246 He then assumes the dress of the Order, a cassock and bands, and becomes a novice.

1900 Dict. National Biogr. LXI. 56/1 He was sent to Compostella, where he was received as a novice on 26 May and took the name of Augustine.

1947 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 27 67 He was a novice of the Society of Jesus... The two years of religious training, or noviceship, completed, Méndez was allowed to pronounce the first vows of the Society.

1985 W. McIlvanney Big Man iii. 65 A novice who had never achieved ordination, he remained a sincere believer.

β. c1390 (c1300) MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 278 (MED) In þis hous Nouys was I, And aftur Monk.c1390 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3129 Thow art a maister whan thou art at hom, No poure cloistrer ne no novys [v.rr. novise, nowys], But a gouernour wily and wys. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 360 Nouyce, or novys, novisius.c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 411 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 111 Þane wes he tane & mad nowis & leryt sa.a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 681/20 Novellus, novicius, a novys.1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxviii. 53 Than twa ȝeiris Noueis..Ȝond in Kiluinning my prentischip I past.1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) v. xxvii. 118 The Ladie Prioresse..Did taunt the Nouasse bitterly.1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. lxxxix. 363 Was thither by the Trot traind forth the Nouesse, so to proue Whether she would a Virgin die, or might be hoped loue.

†b. A newly converted person. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > conversion to Christianity > [noun] > a convert > newly converted

novice1526

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Kiiii In them that be nouices, newly conuerted to religion.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Tim. iii. 6 Not a nouice [L. neophytum], lest being lifted vp with pride, hee fall into the condemnation of the deuill.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. 53 Christ's litle ones, that is such as are novices and babes in Christianity.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. iv. xv. 266 St. Paul was still a suspected novice.

3. Sport. A competitor (esp. an animal) not having previously won a major prize; spec. one not having previously won a prize in the class or event now being entered.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > competitor or rival > one who takes part in a competition > specific types of competitor

dark horse1832

probable1868

novice1897

front-runner1914

1897 Sc. Fancier 30 Apr. 9/2 Novices... Comely Park Victor, nice head and good ears, his coat is a bit thin.

1963 L. F. Bloodgood & P. Santini Horseman's Dict. 139 Novice... Not to be confused with ‘Green’, a term relating only to a horse's hunting experience. A novice may or may not be green.

1976 Cumberland News 3 Dec. 16/5 Best novice and best adult was a lutino cock, benched by J. K. Ivor, Longtown.

1991 Shooting Times 18 Apr. 25/1 (advt.) Classes for Ladies, Keepers, Novices and Colts.

B. adj. (attributive).

a. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a novice; that is a novice.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [adjective] > novice or beginner

younglinga1250

novice1530

freshmanly1568

elementary1601

neophyte1601

initiatea1616

novitious1619

abecedarian1633

tironizinga1660

novitial1778

neophytic1856

neophytish1897

rookie1902

tironic1909

Sears-Roebuck1917

society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > monastic profession > [adjective] > novice

novice1530

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 248/2 Novyce tyme, nouicerie.

1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 64 These nouice Louers at their first arriue Are bashful both.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 19 I need no information of any Romane Nouice Traueller.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 241 With novice modesty.

1689 E. Hickeringill Ceremony-monger Concl. iii No Mortal ever did or can discharge it, but in this Novice way.

1708 J. Ozell tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin 20 His Artless Novice-hand he lends.

1751 tr. Female Foundling I. 78 But perhaps..my Novice-heart may be deceived.

1811 W. R. Spencer Poems Ded. Whene'er my novice hand presum'd To wake the chords of grief or glee.

1834 S. T. Coleridge Relig. Musings (new ed.) in Poet. Works I. 97 I discipline my young and novice [1796 noviciate] thought.

1898 Dublin Rev. Apr. 356 When Clara was made novice-mistress he dedicated a small book to her.

1930 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 60 190 A boy must remain in the novice stage from the time that he is circumcised until every other candidate has been circumcised too.

1988 L. Erdrich Tracks vii. 189 The novice nun crouched down in the corner.

1993 Computing 19 Aug. 21/3 Ease of learning..can be measured by setting targets for novice users.

b. Sport. Designating a novice competitor (see sense A. 3). Also: designating an event restricted to such competitors.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective] > in competition

novice1895

genuine1974

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [adjective] > types of race

fast-run1820

welter1820

all-aged1838

flat-racing1886

illegitimate1888

novice1962

1895 Brit. Fancier Ann. Rev. 1894 15/2 Two new faces of fair merit, Lord Raglan and Jupiter, were first and second in the novice class.

1903 Forest & Stream 21 Feb. 151 (Cent. Dict. Suppl.) Novice dogs was a large class, 28 in all.

1962 D. Francis Dead Cert iii. 26 I was riding him in novice hurdle races.

1975 Country Life 13 Nov. 1281/2 Brown Lad was a novice chaser last year... He is an absolutely top-class horse, and he stays three miles readily.

1995 Halton Hills (Ont.) Weekend 2 July a15/2 (caption) Ken's Auto nipped their rivals to claim the Georgetown Gators novice division crown.

Derivatives

ˈnovice-like adj.

ΚΠ

1648 J. Goodwin Νεοϕυτοπρεσβυτερος 14 The words, which..he calls non-sence, are as regular, proper, and significant, as the English tongue will beare; and those which (novice-like) he would substitute in their place, are meerly barbarous.

1842 C. M. Kirkland Forest Life II. xxxv. 56 Seymour, novice-like, was amusingly conscious.

1876 H. Melville Clarel I. ii. v. 175 Nor noted Clarel's puzzled look, Who, novice-like, at first mistook, Doubting lest satire might be dealt.

1994 Russ. Rev. 53 397 Instead of improving on the structural idiosyncrasies of his master, he exaggerates them, drawing attention to its novice-like stylistic rifts and jolts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	novice
释义	novicen.adj. Brit. /ˈnɒvᵻs/, U.S. /ˈnɑvəs/ Forms: α. Middle English nouece, Middle English nouyce, Middle English novace, Middle English–1500s novyce, Middle English–1600s nouice, Middle English– novice; also Scottish pre-1700 newice, pre-1700 noveice, pre-1700 nowice. β. Middle English noues, Middle English nouese, Middle English nouis, Middle English nouys, Middle English nouysce, Middle English novise, Middle English novys, Middle English novyse, Middle English nowys, 1500s nouise, 1500s noves, 1500s novesse, 1500s–1600s nouasse, 1500s–1600s nouesse, 1600s noviz (English regional); also Scottish pre-1700 nawis, pre-1700 noueis, pre-1700 noveis, pre-1700 nowis, pre-1700 nowys. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French novice. Etymology: As noun < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French novice an inexperienced person (13th cent. in Old French), a probationer in a religious order (1275–80) < classical Latin novīcius (also novīcia , feminine) a newly imported slave, a person who has recently become prominent, in post-classical Latin also a probationer in a religious order (5th cent.), use as noun of novīcius that has lately entered into a certain condition, recently discovered or devised, in post-classical Latin also specifically with reference to a religious novice (5th cent.) < novus new adj. + -īcius (see -itious suffix¹). As adjective < Middle French, French novice inexperienced (1176 in Old French; also attested as noviche (c1280), novisse (c1320)) < classical Latin novīcius , adjective (see above). Compare Spanish novicio , masculine, novicia , feminine (mid 13th cent. in senses A. 1 and A. 2), Portuguese noviço, adjective and noun (late 13th cent.; also attested as †noviçio (15th cent.)), Italian novizio, masculine, novizia, feminine (both 14th cent. as adjective and noun). A. n. 1. An inexperienced person; a person who is new to the circumstances in which he or she is placed; a beginner, a learner. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > novice or beginner younglingOE new-comeOE novice1340 ginner?c1400 beginner1470 apprentice1489 prentice1489 infant1526 freshmana1557 intrant1560 enterer1565 puny?1570 weakling1575 new comeling1587 novist1587 incipient1589 puisne1592 abecedary1596 neophyte1600 abecedarian1603 bachelor1604 novelist?1608 alphabetary1611 breeching boy1611 tiro1611 alphabetarian1614 principiant1619 unexperienced1622 velvet head1631 undergraduatea1659 young stager1664 greenhorn1672 battledore boy1693 youngster1706 tironist1716 novitiatea1734 recruit1749 griffin1793 initiate1811 Johnny Newcome1815 Johnny Raw1823 griff1829 plebe1833 Johnny-come-lately1839 new chum1851 blanc-bec1853 fledgling1856 rookie1868 elementarian1876 tenderfoot1881 shorthorn1888 new kid1894 cheechako1897 ring-neck1898 Johnny1901 rook1902 fresh meat1908 malihini1914 initiand1915 stooge1930 intakea1943 cub1966 α. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 155 (MED) Þerof byeþ uele herten nouices. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 61 That tyme alle the senate was but as a nouice. ?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) i. xxiii. 172 It were expedient that they were instructe as Nouices, begynners to growe in more perfyte vertues. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 30 Small profit the Novices of these Arts receive by meere Imitation. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 94 Every Novice in Geography knows they were Maritime. 1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World iii. 102 Though they came to us under the name of Veterans, [they] proved to be ignorant Novices. 1795 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regicide France in Wks. VIII. 343 You are but novices in the art of naval resources. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. x. 100 Refraction will deceive a novice on the ice. 1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country ii. 109 As the haschisch-man Prepares a novice to receive his drug. 1894 W. T. Stead If Christ came to Chicago 5 The novice in the sporting house, as well as the hardened old harridan who drives the trade in human flesh, are herded together. 1909 Times 27 Apr. 4/1 The flexibility and ‘pick up’ of the engine were such that the merest novice could handle the car with ease. 1953 G. Brooke Introd. Riding i. 16 During the period that the novice is riding his first mount, he should learn the aids (correct and combined applications of his hands and legs). 1999 Cage & Aviary Birds 14 Aug. 6/3 The complete novice should gain experience by first keeping ‘easy’ species. β. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 155 Þo byeþase is þe yonge grihound þet is yet al nouis.a1402 J. Trevisa tr. R. Fitzralph Defensio Curatorum (Harl.) (1925) 71 (MED) Who myȝt suffre abliche & here þat Fraunceys, þat was but a nouys in þe fey ordeyne þe wey of parfitnesse of mankynde.1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 8^v Such is the Nature of these nouises that thincke to haue learning without labour, and treasure without trauayle.1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) viii. xxxix. 173 Worthie those Whose reuerent heads collected them from whence true wisedome groes: Not mangled then of Nouesses and curious Doults. 2. a. A person who has entered a religious order and is under probation or trial before taking the required vows; a candidate for admission into a religious order; a probationer. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > monastic profession > [noun] > novice monk-childOE nun-noviceOE novicec1390 novitiate1517 probationer1629 α. c1390 (?c1350) St. Bernard 503 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 49 (MED) Whon þat nouices schulden ben schorn, To hem he wolde seye, [etc.]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 129 Nouices [L. neophiti] þat beþ nauȝt I-founde to goddis seruise schulde nouȝt ben I-greued ne I-noyed. c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 397 Freris..byndynge novycis to unknowen þing. c1440 (?a1375) Abbey Holy Ghost (Thornton) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 57 (MED) Honeste es Maystresse of þe nouyce, and teches þam alle curtasye. a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 2361 (MED) Þe nouece þat þis rewle sal lere, Vntil þai be past xv ȝere, Sal be in keping of mastres. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 248/2 Novyce a newe relygious persone, nouice. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clvj^v We thinke mete, that all yong Nouices..be presently remoued from thence. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. iv. 19 Can you so steed me, As bring me to the sight of Isabella, A Nouice of this place. View more context for this quotation 1663 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures (new ed.) iii. 5 Above four thousand Priests, besides a great Number of Novices. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. viii. 216 She..was there seated among the novices. 1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. ii. 15 It was very different from the veil of the nun or even of the novice. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany xv. 246 He then assumes the dress of the Order, a cassock and bands, and becomes a novice. 1900 Dict. National Biogr. LXI. 56/1 He was sent to Compostella, where he was received as a novice on 26 May and took the name of Augustine. 1947 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 27 67 He was a novice of the Society of Jesus... The two years of religious training, or noviceship, completed, Méndez was allowed to pronounce the first vows of the Society. 1985 W. McIlvanney Big Man iii. 65 A novice who had never achieved ordination, he remained a sincere believer. β. c1390 (c1300) MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 278 (MED) In þis hous Nouys was I, And aftur Monk.c1390 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3129 Thow art a maister whan thou art at hom, No poure cloistrer ne no novys [v.rr. novise, nowys], But a gouernour wily and wys. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 360 Nouyce, or novys, novisius.c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 411 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 111 Þane wes he tane & mad nowis & leryt sa.a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 681/20 Novellus, novicius, a novys.1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxviii. 53 Than twa ȝeiris Noueis..Ȝond in Kiluinning my prentischip I past.1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) v. xxvii. 118 The Ladie Prioresse..Did taunt the Nouasse bitterly.1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. lxxxix. 363 Was thither by the Trot traind forth the Nouesse, so to proue Whether she would a Virgin die, or might be hoped loue. †b. A newly converted person. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > conversion to Christianity > [noun] > a convert > newly converted novice1526 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Kiiii In them that be nouices, newly conuerted to religion. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Tim. iii. 6 Not a nouice [L. neophytum], lest being lifted vp with pride, hee fall into the condemnation of the deuill. View more context for this quotation 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. 53 Christ's litle ones, that is such as are novices and babes in Christianity. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. iv. xv. 266 St. Paul was still a suspected novice. 3. Sport. A competitor (esp. an animal) not having previously won a major prize; spec. one not having previously won a prize in the class or event now being entered. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > competitor or rival > one who takes part in a competition > specific types of competitor dark horse1832 probable1868 novice1897 front-runner1914 1897 Sc. Fancier 30 Apr. 9/2 Novices... Comely Park Victor, nice head and good ears, his coat is a bit thin. 1963 L. F. Bloodgood & P. Santini Horseman's Dict. 139 Novice... Not to be confused with ‘Green’, a term relating only to a horse's hunting experience. A novice may or may not be green. 1976 Cumberland News 3 Dec. 16/5 Best novice and best adult was a lutino cock, benched by J. K. Ivor, Longtown. 1991 Shooting Times 18 Apr. 25/1 (advt.) Classes for Ladies, Keepers, Novices and Colts. B. adj. (attributive). a. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a novice; that is a novice. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [adjective] > novice or beginner younglinga1250 novice1530 freshmanly1568 elementary1601 neophyte1601 initiatea1616 novitious1619 abecedarian1633 tironizinga1660 novitial1778 neophytic1856 neophytish1897 rookie1902 tironic1909 Sears-Roebuck1917 society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > monastic profession > [adjective] > novice novice1530 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 248/2 Novyce tyme, nouicerie. 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 64 These nouice Louers at their first arriue Are bashful both. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 19 I need no information of any Romane Nouice Traueller. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 241 With novice modesty. View more context for this quotation 1689 E. Hickeringill Ceremony-monger Concl. iii No Mortal ever did or can discharge it, but in this Novice way. 1708 J. Ozell tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin 20 His Artless Novice-hand he lends. 1751 tr. Female Foundling I. 78 But perhaps..my Novice-heart may be deceived. 1811 W. R. Spencer Poems Ded. Whene'er my novice hand presum'd To wake the chords of grief or glee. 1834 S. T. Coleridge Relig. Musings (new ed.) in Poet. Works I. 97 I discipline my young and novice [1796 noviciate] thought. 1898 Dublin Rev. Apr. 356 When Clara was made novice-mistress he dedicated a small book to her. 1930 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 60 190 A boy must remain in the novice stage from the time that he is circumcised until every other candidate has been circumcised too. 1988 L. Erdrich Tracks vii. 189 The novice nun crouched down in the corner. 1993 Computing 19 Aug. 21/3 Ease of learning..can be measured by setting targets for novice users. b. Sport. Designating a novice competitor (see sense A. 3). Also: designating an event restricted to such competitors. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective] > in competition novice1895 genuine1974 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [adjective] > types of race fast-run1820 welter1820 all-aged1838 flat-racing1886 illegitimate1888 novice1962 1895 Brit. Fancier Ann. Rev. 1894 15/2 Two new faces of fair merit, Lord Raglan and Jupiter, were first and second in the novice class. 1903 Forest & Stream 21 Feb. 151 (Cent. Dict. Suppl.) Novice dogs was a large class, 28 in all. 1962 D. Francis Dead Cert iii. 26 I was riding him in novice hurdle races. 1975 Country Life 13 Nov. 1281/2 Brown Lad was a novice chaser last year... He is an absolutely top-class horse, and he stays three miles readily. 1995 Halton Hills (Ont.) Weekend 2 July a15/2 (caption) Ken's Auto nipped their rivals to claim the Georgetown Gators novice division crown. Derivatives ˈnovice-like adj. ΚΠ 1648 J. Goodwin Νεοϕυτοπρεσβυτερος 14 The words, which..he calls non-sence, are as regular, proper, and significant, as the English tongue will beare; and those which (novice-like) he would substitute in their place, are meerly barbarous. 1842 C. M. Kirkland Forest Life II. xxxv. 56 Seymour, novice-like, was amusingly conscious. 1876 H. Melville Clarel I. ii. v. 175 Nor noted Clarel's puzzled look, Who, novice-like, at first mistook, Doubting lest satire might be dealt. 1994 Russ. Rev. 53 397 Instead of improving on the structural idiosyncrasies of his master, he exaggerates them, drawing attention to its novice-like stylistic rifts and jolts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1340
随便看	realizables realizably realization realizational realizations realize realized realized eschatology realizedness realizer realizers realizes realizing realizing sense realizingly realizings realliance realliances reallied reallier reallies realliest reallocate reallocated reallocates