Normann.¹adj.

Brit.

/ˈnɔːmən/, U.S.

/ˈnɔrm(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English Noreman, Middle English Noremaun, Middle English Normain, Middle English Normaun, Middle English Normen, Middle English 1600s Normanne, Middle English–1500s Normann, Middle English–1600s Normane, Middle English– Norman, 1500s–1600s Normaine.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French Norman, Normant.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman Norman, Normand, Normant, Normon and Old French Normant (plural Normans , Normanz ; Middle French Normant , Normand , French Normand ) (noun) inhabitant of Normandy (c1100), the form of French formerly spoken by the Normans (c1220), (adjective) belonging to the Normans (c1230) < a shortened form of the Germanic base of Northman n., also seen in (or paralleled by) Old English Norman , Normann a native or inhabitant of northern Europe, a Scandinavian (see below), Middle Dutch Norman , Noorman a Scandinavian (Dutch Noorman ), German Normanne a Norman, a Scandinavian, Norwegian (Bokmål) Norrmanner a Norman, Norwegian (Nynorsk) Normann a Norman, Old Swedish Norman a Scandinavian, a Norwegian (Swedish Norrman ; also Normand a Norman), Danish Normand a Scandinavian. The Germanic word was borrowed into post-classical Latin as Normannus Northman (late 8th cent. in a British source), Norman (from 12th cent. in British sources), and into Old Russian as urmanin″ a Norwegian (14th cent.), nurmanin″ a Norwegian (15th–16th cent.; compare Russian normann Northman, 19th cent.), Murman″ , name of the shore of the Barents Sea (compare Murmansk , name of a port on the Barents Sea, founded 1915), murmanskij němec″ Northman who fought against the Russians in 1242, although the forms with mur- may be < Saami. Compare Normand n.Attested in surnames in Britain from the late 11th cent., although it is doubtful whether these should be taken as evidence for the English word. Place names with this element are found from the early 12th cent., as Normanneby (c1110), Normannecros (1160), but these are more likely to show the Old English or early Scandinavian word in the sense ‘Scandinavian’ (in some instances perhaps via use of this as a personal name). For examples of Old English Norman , Normann (plural Normen , Normenn ) a native or inhabitant of northern Europe, a Scandinavian, compare:OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1066 Þær wæs Harold cyning of Norwegan & Tostig eorl ofslagen, & gerim folces mid heom, ægðer ge Normana ge Englisca, & þa Normen [flugon þa Englis[c]a].OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1049 Harold for to Norwegum, Magnus fædera, syððan Magnus dead wæs, & Normen hine underfengon. Compare also late Old English Norðmandisc , adjective, ‘Norman’ (one isolated attestation), apparently < Normandig (see Normandy n.) + -ish suffix¹, with first element altered after Northman n.

A. n.¹

a. A native or inhabitant of Normandy in north-western France; esp. a member of the mixed Scandinavian and Frankish people who settled in Normandy from the early 10th cent. and became a dominant military power in western Europe and the Mediterranean, conquering England in 1066 (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > French nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of France > parts of

Normanc1275

Picardc1330

Gascona1387

Britonerc1390

Bretona1400

Normanda1400

Poitevin1483

Angevin1511

Navarrois1523

Savoyan1583

Armorican1593

Savoyard1595

meridional1605

Picardin1616

artesian1629

Biscayana1640

Limousin1653

Lyonnais1653

Languedocian1658

Biscayner1664

Navarrese1686

Provençale1730

Lorrainer1743

Navarran1770

Vendean1796

Tourangeau1883

Tourangeois1958

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7115 Seoððen comen Normans [c1300 Otho Normains]..and nemneden heo Lundres.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7498 Þus was in normannes hond þat lond ibroȝt.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 29 Þe sixte from þe Danes to þe Normans; Þe seuenþe fro Normans to oure tyme.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 75 (MED) Þe Normans in þe South wer in so grete affray.

a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 141 (MED) Irysh-men..of two new men, and namely of the Normanes, waryn shamefully rescewid.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 82 Therby ys testyfyd our subjectyon to the normannys.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Hamlet (1623) iii. ii. 32 Neyther hauing the accent of Christians, nor the gate of Christian, Pagan, or Norman [1604 nor man].

1736 J. Thomson Britain: 4th Pt. Liberty 739 The haughty Norman seiz'd at once an isle, For which..The Roman, Saxon, Dane had toil'd and bled.

1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. III. 182 The name of dignity, next in point of antiquity, is that of earl or comes; which was also introduced here from France, after the establishment of the Normans.

1897 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 6) I. 270 Of the constitutional history of the Normans of Normandy we have very little information.

1956 R. Sutcliff Shield Ring iii. 32 Anlaf the smith says the man who made the mill fell into the Normans' hands afterward.

1994 Daily Tel. 7 June 1/8 Normans take genuine pleasure in seeing the elderly men of the British liberation army marching through their leafy streets, medals clinking.

b. A Northman, a Norwegian. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Scandinavians > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Scandinavia > the Norwegians > native or inhabitant of Norway

Norgana1387

Norwegian?a1425

Norse1576

Norman1605

Norweyan1817

1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence vi. 177 In the North parte of England the Norwegians or Normannes were ouerthrown.

1797 Encycl. Brit. I. 570/2 A people so versed in maritime affairs, and so adventurous, as the ancient Normans were.

1908 Daily Chron. 30 Mar. 3/3 It is marvellous that any of those old manuscripts escaped the destructive raids of plundering Danes and Normans.

1968 G. Jones Hist. Vikings iii. iv. 245 Similarly they translate Liudprand's Nordmanni as Normans, meaning Northmen, Scandinavians, a customary Russian usage. However, in a book written for English readers ‘Normans’ is best kept for the inhabitants of Normandy.

2. The form of French formerly spoken by the Normans; = Norman French n. 1.†Also in Scottish form Normans, after Scots = Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance > French > Norman

Norman French1605

Normana1649

Anglo-Normanic1707

Anglo-Norman1818

Sarkese1957

a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 213 The Laws of England, which William the Conqueror imposed.., mufled up in barbarous Normans.

1797 Encycl. Brit. VI. 667/2 Our language..is now a mixture of Saxon,..Danish, Norman, and modern French.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. iv. 67 I sufficiently understand Norman to follow your meaning.

1879 E. Walford Londoniana II. 98 The upper classes spoke Norman and lived as Normans.

1903 Knowledge Dec. 267/2 The dialect of the Isle of France supplanted Picard, Burgundian, and Norman, and became the French language.

1930 T. S. Westbrook Glimpses of Catholic Eng. i. 1 This Italian-born, Norman-speaking man left his mark on England.

1994 H. Bloom Western Canon ii. iv. 108 English is the language that Chaucer spoke as a child, but he also spoke Anglo-French (formerly Norman).

B. adj.

1. Belonging to, relating to, or characteristic of the Normans or Normandy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Germanic people > ancient Germanic peoples > [adjective] > Norman or Anglo-Norman

Normanish1586

Norman1589

Anglo-Normanic1707

Normannic1710

Anglo-Norman1719

Normanized1757

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 89 Scholers.., who not content with the vsual Normane or Saxon word, would conuert the very Latine..word into vulgar French.

1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 35 Footsteps remaining of the Norman language in the English tongue.

1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Sigismonda & Guiscardo in Fables 123 While Norman Tancred in Salerno reign'd.

1736 J. Thomson Britain: 4th Pt. Liberty 773 The Barons.., Both those of English and of Norman race.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. vii. 96 The fantastic fashions of Norman chivalry.

1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight viii. 112 What are called Norman Capitals, in which the characteristic strokes are excessively heavy, and the others but lightly traced.

1915 A. D. Gillespie Let. 23 Feb. in Lett. from Flanders (1916) 17 Our dinner last night—table d'hôte, and excellent Norman cider.

1947 Amer. Notes & Queries 6 173/1 The Cajuns—south-west Louisiana Acadians of Norman and Breton ancestry—were seemingly very resourceful in this art.

1990 Antique Collector Oct. 39/1 Typically Norman items such as faïence and armoires will..be on show.

2. Designating, exhibiting, or characteristic of a style of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans and prevalent in England from the Norman Conquest until the early 12th cent., characterized by round arches and heavy piers or columns.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > Saxon and Norman

Saxon17..

Anglo-Norman1735

Norman1773

Normanesque1836

1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 ii. 131/2 They used reliefs sometimes with profusion; as in the Saxon or Norman gateway at Bury.

1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 ii. 132/1 There is..hardly any one of our cathedral churches of this early Norman style (I mean with round arches and large pillars).

1815 T. Rickman in J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 134 In many small churches..the Norman door has been suffered to remain.

1828 Gentleman's Mag. 98 ii. 519 The noble structures of Norman architecture, as it is called in this country.

1889 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Slave of Lamp xviii The narrow Norman windows had been framed with unpainted wood.

1909 Daily Chron. 9 July 6/6 The parish church, which..still shows a trace of its old Norman architecture.

1957 ‘J. Wyndham’ Midwich Cuckoos i. i. 10 The church is mostly perp. and dec., but with a Norman west doorway and font.

1997 L. A. Reilly Archit. Hist. Peterborough Cathedral 28 The Norman window in the north choir aisle.

Compounds

C1. Relating to the Normans and their language.

Norman English n. (a) n. English as spoken by the Normans, or as influenced by them, esp. in the period following the Norman Conquest; Anglo-Norman; (b) adj. of or relating to the Normans in England following the Norman Conquest.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > Middle English > Norman

Norman English1589

Norman-Saxon1817

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 89 Our Normane English which hath growen since William the Conquerour.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. vii*. 109 The following [ejaculations] were distinctly heard in the Norman-English, or mixed language of the country.

1942 M. M. Knappen Constit. & Legal Hist. Eng. xiv (plate facing p. 294) There is a grammar of medieval Norman-English (law) French in the introduction.

† Norman-Saxon n. Obsolete rare = Norman English n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > Middle English > Norman

Norman English1589

Norman-Saxon1817

1817 T. Castley Antiquarian Speculations 523 The subject of the twenty-second chapter of the Thesaurus, being the change of the Anglo-Saxon language into the Norman-Saxon or Anglo-Norman, and the Semi-Saxon dialects.

1830 G. Borrow Let. 7 June in C. K. Shorter George Borrow & his Circle (1913) 149 I have looked over Mr. Gruntvig's manuscripts. It is a very long affair, and the language is Norman-Saxon.

a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 74/2 Strong..seems to have been anciently adopted in the Norman-Saxon adverbially.

Norman yoke n. the feudal system in England under the rule of William the Conqueror and his successors, depicted as harsh and oppressive in comparison to Anglo-Saxon England; cf. yoke n. 11.

ΚΠ

1604 S. Harrison Arch's of Triumph sig. C.^v Beneath the Britane stroke, The Roman, Saxon, Dane, and Norman yoke.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ix. 139 [To] make vs Britains beare Th'vnwieldy Norman yoke.

1711 P. Abercromby Martial Atchievem. Scots Nation I. ii. ii. 357 Others went into Denmark, and some into Norway, pursuing any Methods to avoid the Norman Yoke.

1846 G. Spence Equitable Jurisdict. Court of Chancery I. ii. i. 92 The repeated attempts of the natives to throw off the Norman yoke, led to extreme acts of severity on the part of the Conqueror..towards the native Thanes and landowners of all ranks.

1935 Catholic Hist. Rev. 1 Jan. 181 The northern province..had always been restless under the Norman yoke.

2000 R. Mitchell Picturing Past v. 126 ‘Conservative radical’ writers, bemoaning the passing of a golden age of liberty and lamenting present sufferings under ‘the Norman yoke’.

C2. In the names of animals.

† Norman shell n. Obsolete the ormer, Haliotis tuberculata; the shell of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Holostomata > genus Haliotis > member of

ormer1637

sea-ear1681

Norman shell1703

klipkous1731

paua1846

abalone1850

Venus's ear1859

awabi1889

perlemoen1891

1703 J. Petiver Musei Petiveriani ix-x. 81 The Sea-Ear, Mother of Pearl, and by some Normans or Norman Shell.

1713 J. Petiver Aquatilium Animalium Amboinæ 4/1 Auris marina.., Long Sea Ear or Norman Shell.

Norman thrush n. English regional the mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Turdinae > [noun] > genus Turdus (thrush) > turdus viscivorus (mistle-thrush)

song thrush1598

mistle-bird1626

mistle thrush1646

shreitch1668

shrite1668

mistletoe thrush1719

storm cock1769

wood-thrush1791

rain-fowl1817

thrice-cock1819

mistle1845

hollin cock1848

fen-thrush1854

storm thrush1854

shirlcock1859

fell-thrush1879

felt1879

jay1880

jay pie1880

Norman thrush1885

stone-thrush1885

1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 2 The Missel thrush is also called..Norman thrush (Craven).

1899 Notes & Queries 5 Aug. 112/2 I lived in the neighbourhood of Banbury, Oxon... The usual name then for the missel-thrush was Norman thrush.

1984 W. B. Lockwood Oxf. Bk. Brit. Bird Names 109/1 Norman gizer, Norman thrush, names for the Mistle Thrush from Oxon. and Yorks. respectively. In both these localities, Norman has been recorded as denoting a tyrannical person: the allusion here will be to the aggressive behaviour of the bird towards other species during the mating season.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	norman
释义	Normann.¹adj. Brit. /ˈnɔːmən/, U.S. /ˈnɔrm(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English Noreman, Middle English Noremaun, Middle English Normain, Middle English Normaun, Middle English Normen, Middle English 1600s Normanne, Middle English–1500s Normann, Middle English–1600s Normane, Middle English– Norman, 1500s–1600s Normaine. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French Norman, Normant. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman Norman, Normand, Normant, Normon and Old French Normant (plural Normans , Normanz ; Middle French Normant , Normand , French Normand ) (noun) inhabitant of Normandy (c1100), the form of French formerly spoken by the Normans (c1220), (adjective) belonging to the Normans (c1230) < a shortened form of the Germanic base of Northman n., also seen in (or paralleled by) Old English Norman , Normann a native or inhabitant of northern Europe, a Scandinavian (see below), Middle Dutch Norman , Noorman a Scandinavian (Dutch Noorman ), German Normanne a Norman, a Scandinavian, Norwegian (Bokmål) Norrmanner a Norman, Norwegian (Nynorsk) Normann a Norman, Old Swedish Norman a Scandinavian, a Norwegian (Swedish Norrman ; also Normand a Norman), Danish Normand a Scandinavian. The Germanic word was borrowed into post-classical Latin as Normannus Northman (late 8th cent. in a British source), Norman (from 12th cent. in British sources), and into Old Russian as urmanin″ a Norwegian (14th cent.), nurmanin″ a Norwegian (15th–16th cent.; compare Russian normann Northman, 19th cent.), Murman″ , name of the shore of the Barents Sea (compare Murmansk , name of a port on the Barents Sea, founded 1915), murmanskij němec″ Northman who fought against the Russians in 1242, although the forms with mur- may be < Saami. Compare Normand n.Attested in surnames in Britain from the late 11th cent., although it is doubtful whether these should be taken as evidence for the English word. Place names with this element are found from the early 12th cent., as Normanneby (c1110), Normannecros (1160), but these are more likely to show the Old English or early Scandinavian word in the sense ‘Scandinavian’ (in some instances perhaps via use of this as a personal name). For examples of Old English Norman , Normann (plural Normen , Normenn ) a native or inhabitant of northern Europe, a Scandinavian, compare:OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1066 Þær wæs Harold cyning of Norwegan & Tostig eorl ofslagen, & gerim folces mid heom, ægðer ge Normana ge Englisca, & þa Normen [flugon þa Englis[c]a].OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1049 Harold for to Norwegum, Magnus fædera, syððan Magnus dead wæs, & Normen hine underfengon. Compare also late Old English Norðmandisc , adjective, ‘Norman’ (one isolated attestation), apparently < Normandig (see Normandy n.) + -ish suffix¹, with first element altered after Northman n. A. n.¹ 1. a. A native or inhabitant of Normandy in north-western France; esp. a member of the mixed Scandinavian and Frankish people who settled in Normandy from the early 10th cent. and became a dominant military power in western Europe and the Mediterranean, conquering England in 1066 (now historical). ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > French nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of France > parts of Normanc1275 Picardc1330 Gascona1387 Britonerc1390 Bretona1400 Normanda1400 Poitevin1483 Angevin1511 Navarrois1523 Savoyan1583 Armorican1593 Savoyard1595 meridional1605 Picardin1616 artesian1629 Biscayana1640 Limousin1653 Lyonnais1653 Languedocian1658 Biscayner1664 Navarrese1686 Provençale1730 Lorrainer1743 Navarran1770 Vendean1796 Tourangeau1883 Tourangeois1958 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7115 Seoððen comen Normans [c1300 Otho Normains]..and nemneden heo Lundres. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7498 Þus was in normannes hond þat lond ibroȝt. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 29 Þe sixte from þe Danes to þe Normans; Þe seuenþe fro Normans to oure tyme. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 75 (MED) Þe Normans in þe South wer in so grete affray. a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 141 (MED) Irysh-men..of two new men, and namely of the Normanes, waryn shamefully rescewid. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 82 Therby ys testyfyd our subjectyon to the normannys. a1616 W. Shakespeare Hamlet (1623) iii. ii. 32 Neyther hauing the accent of Christians, nor the gate of Christian, Pagan, or Norman [1604 nor man]. 1736 J. Thomson Britain: 4th Pt. Liberty 739 The haughty Norman seiz'd at once an isle, For which..The Roman, Saxon, Dane had toil'd and bled. 1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. III. 182 The name of dignity, next in point of antiquity, is that of earl or comes; which was also introduced here from France, after the establishment of the Normans. 1897 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 6) I. 270 Of the constitutional history of the Normans of Normandy we have very little information. 1956 R. Sutcliff Shield Ring iii. 32 Anlaf the smith says the man who made the mill fell into the Normans' hands afterward. 1994 Daily Tel. 7 June 1/8 Normans take genuine pleasure in seeing the elderly men of the British liberation army marching through their leafy streets, medals clinking. b. A Northman, a Norwegian. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Scandinavians > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Scandinavia > the Norwegians > native or inhabitant of Norway Norgana1387 Norwegian?a1425 Norse1576 Norman1605 Norweyan1817 1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence vi. 177 In the North parte of England the Norwegians or Normannes were ouerthrown. 1797 Encycl. Brit. I. 570/2 A people so versed in maritime affairs, and so adventurous, as the ancient Normans were. 1908 Daily Chron. 30 Mar. 3/3 It is marvellous that any of those old manuscripts escaped the destructive raids of plundering Danes and Normans. 1968 G. Jones Hist. Vikings iii. iv. 245 Similarly they translate Liudprand's Nordmanni as Normans, meaning Northmen, Scandinavians, a customary Russian usage. However, in a book written for English readers ‘Normans’ is best kept for the inhabitants of Normandy. 2. The form of French formerly spoken by the Normans; = Norman French n. 1.†Also in Scottish form Normans, after Scots = Scottish. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance > French > Norman Norman French1605 Normana1649 Anglo-Normanic1707 Anglo-Norman1818 Sarkese1957 a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 213 The Laws of England, which William the Conqueror imposed.., mufled up in barbarous Normans. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VI. 667/2 Our language..is now a mixture of Saxon,..Danish, Norman, and modern French. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. iv. 67 I sufficiently understand Norman to follow your meaning. 1879 E. Walford Londoniana II. 98 The upper classes spoke Norman and lived as Normans. 1903 Knowledge Dec. 267/2 The dialect of the Isle of France supplanted Picard, Burgundian, and Norman, and became the French language. 1930 T. S. Westbrook Glimpses of Catholic Eng. i. 1 This Italian-born, Norman-speaking man left his mark on England. 1994 H. Bloom Western Canon ii. iv. 108 English is the language that Chaucer spoke as a child, but he also spoke Anglo-French (formerly Norman). B. adj. 1. Belonging to, relating to, or characteristic of the Normans or Normandy. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Germanic people > ancient Germanic peoples > [adjective] > Norman or Anglo-Norman Normanish1586 Norman1589 Anglo-Normanic1707 Normannic1710 Anglo-Norman1719 Normanized1757 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 89 Scholers.., who not content with the vsual Normane or Saxon word, would conuert the very Latine..word into vulgar French. 1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 35 Footsteps remaining of the Norman language in the English tongue. 1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Sigismonda & Guiscardo in Fables 123 While Norman Tancred in Salerno reign'd. 1736 J. Thomson Britain: 4th Pt. Liberty 773 The Barons.., Both those of English and of Norman race. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. vii. 96 The fantastic fashions of Norman chivalry. 1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight viii. 112 What are called Norman Capitals, in which the characteristic strokes are excessively heavy, and the others but lightly traced. 1915 A. D. Gillespie Let. 23 Feb. in Lett. from Flanders (1916) 17 Our dinner last night—table d'hôte, and excellent Norman cider. 1947 Amer. Notes & Queries 6 173/1 The Cajuns—south-west Louisiana Acadians of Norman and Breton ancestry—were seemingly very resourceful in this art. 1990 Antique Collector Oct. 39/1 Typically Norman items such as faïence and armoires will..be on show. 2. Designating, exhibiting, or characteristic of a style of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans and prevalent in England from the Norman Conquest until the early 12th cent., characterized by round arches and heavy piers or columns. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > Saxon and Norman Saxon17.. Anglo-Norman1735 Norman1773 Normanesque1836 1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 ii. 131/2 They used reliefs sometimes with profusion; as in the Saxon or Norman gateway at Bury. 1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 ii. 132/1 There is..hardly any one of our cathedral churches of this early Norman style (I mean with round arches and large pillars). 1815 T. Rickman in J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 134 In many small churches..the Norman door has been suffered to remain. 1828 Gentleman's Mag. 98 ii. 519 The noble structures of Norman architecture, as it is called in this country. 1889 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Slave of Lamp xviii The narrow Norman windows had been framed with unpainted wood. 1909 Daily Chron. 9 July 6/6 The parish church, which..still shows a trace of its old Norman architecture. 1957 ‘J. Wyndham’ Midwich Cuckoos i. i. 10 The church is mostly perp. and dec., but with a Norman west doorway and font. 1997 L. A. Reilly Archit. Hist. Peterborough Cathedral 28 The Norman window in the north choir aisle. Compounds C1. Relating to the Normans and their language. Norman English n. (a) n. English as spoken by the Normans, or as influenced by them, esp. in the period following the Norman Conquest; Anglo-Norman; (b) adj. of or relating to the Normans in England following the Norman Conquest. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > Middle English > Norman Norman English1589 Norman-Saxon1817 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 89 Our Normane English which hath growen since William the Conquerour. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. vii. 109 The following [ejaculations] were distinctly heard in the Norman-English, or mixed language of the country. 1942 M. M. Knappen Constit. & Legal Hist. Eng.* xiv (plate facing p. 294) There is a grammar of medieval Norman-English (law) French in the introduction. † Norman-Saxon n. Obsolete rare = Norman English n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > Middle English > Norman Norman English1589 Norman-Saxon1817 1817 T. Castley Antiquarian Speculations 523 The subject of the twenty-second chapter of the Thesaurus, being the change of the Anglo-Saxon language into the Norman-Saxon or Anglo-Norman, and the Semi-Saxon dialects. 1830 G. Borrow Let. 7 June in C. K. Shorter George Borrow & his Circle (1913) 149 I have looked over Mr. Gruntvig's manuscripts. It is a very long affair, and the language is Norman-Saxon. a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 74/2 Strong..seems to have been anciently adopted in the Norman-Saxon adverbially. Norman yoke n. the feudal system in England under the rule of William the Conqueror and his successors, depicted as harsh and oppressive in comparison to Anglo-Saxon England; cf. yoke n. 11. ΚΠ 1604 S. Harrison Arch's of Triumph sig. C.^v Beneath the Britane stroke, The Roman, Saxon, Dane, and Norman yoke. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ix. 139 [To] make vs Britains beare Th'vnwieldy Norman yoke. 1711 P. Abercromby Martial Atchievem. Scots Nation I. ii. ii. 357 Others went into Denmark, and some into Norway, pursuing any Methods to avoid the Norman Yoke. 1846 G. Spence Equitable Jurisdict. Court of Chancery I. ii. i. 92 The repeated attempts of the natives to throw off the Norman yoke, led to extreme acts of severity on the part of the Conqueror..towards the native Thanes and landowners of all ranks. 1935 Catholic Hist. Rev. 1 Jan. 181 The northern province..had always been restless under the Norman yoke. 2000 R. Mitchell Picturing Past v. 126 ‘Conservative radical’ writers, bemoaning the passing of a golden age of liberty and lamenting present sufferings under ‘the Norman yoke’. C2. In the names of animals. † Norman shell n. Obsolete the ormer, Haliotis tuberculata; the shell of this. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Holostomata > genus Haliotis > member of ormer1637 sea-ear1681 Norman shell1703 klipkous1731 paua1846 abalone1850 Venus's ear1859 awabi1889 perlemoen1891 1703 J. Petiver Musei Petiveriani ix-x. 81 The Sea-Ear, Mother of Pearl, and by some Normans or Norman Shell. 1713 J. Petiver Aquatilium Animalium Amboinæ 4/1 Auris marina.., Long Sea Ear or Norman Shell. Norman thrush n. English regional the mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Turdinae > [noun] > genus Turdus (thrush) > turdus viscivorus (mistle-thrush) song thrush1598 mistle-bird1626 mistle thrush1646 shreitch1668 shrite1668 mistletoe thrush1719 storm cock1769 wood-thrush1791 rain-fowl1817 thrice-cock1819 mistle1845 hollin cock1848 fen-thrush1854 storm thrush1854 shirlcock1859 fell-thrush1879 felt1879 jay1880 jay pie1880 Norman thrush1885 stone-thrush1885 1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 2 The Missel thrush is also called..Norman thrush (Craven). 1899 Notes & Queries 5 Aug. 112/2 I lived in the neighbourhood of Banbury, Oxon... The usual name then for the missel-thrush was Norman thrush. 1984 W. B. Lockwood Oxf. Bk. Brit. Bird Names 109/1 Norman gizer, Norman thrush, names for the Mistle Thrush from Oxon. and Yorks. respectively. In both these localities, Norman has been recorded as denoting a tyrannical person: the allusion here will be to the aggressive behaviour of the bird towards other species during the mating season. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). normann.² Brit. /ˈnɔːmən/, U.S. /ˈnɔrm(ə)n/ Origin: Probably a borrowing from German. Etymon: German Normann. Etymology: Probably < German Normann (probably a spec. use of Normanne Norman n.¹ and adj.). Compare Dutch noormann, normann, Danish normand. Nautical. Now historical. A bar or pin inserted into a hole in any of various pieces of equipment on board a ship, used to facilitate winding or to guide or secure a rope, chain, etc., or a rudder. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > windlass > bar to keep chain clear norman1769 strongback1853 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Norman, a name given to a short wooden bar, thrust into one of the holes of the windlass in a merchant-ship, whereon to fasten the cable. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 135 Norman, a square fid of oak, or short carling, fixed through the head of the rudder of East India ships, to prevent the loss of the rudder in case of its being unshipped. 1865 Dublin Evening Mail 22 Sept. The bight of the chain flew over the norman (this is an iron bar that goes through the windlass to keep the chain clear when running out). 1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 66 An iron forging, termed a ‘spider’, with a square hole or a socket in the top to receive the norman head, is let down over the..rudder. 1927 G. Bradford Gloss. Sea Terms 119/2 Norman, a preventer pin through the rudder head to guard against its loss. Iron pins or staple-shaped bolts, to prevent the chain from fouling the windlass [etc.]. 1976 P. Kemp Oxf. Compan. Ships & Sea 602/1 Norman, (1) a short wooden bar which was thrust into one of the holes of a windlass or capstan and used to veer a rope or to secure the anchor cable if there was very little strain on it, (2) a preventer pin through the head of the rudder to secure it against loss, (3) a metal pin placed in the bitt crosspiece to prevent the cable falling off was also called a norman. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹adj.c1275n.²1769
随便看	drapabilities drapability drapable drapdeberry drape drape cow drape ewe drape forming doughiest doughiness doughinesses doughing doughing in doughing machine doughish doughlike doughmaking doughnut doughnut box doughnut cutter doughnut hole doughnut maker doughnut peach doughnut shop doughnut-shaped

Normann.1adj.

Compounds

normann.2

Normann.¹adj.

normann.²