penningn.¹

Brit.

/ˈpɛnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpɛnɪŋ/

Forms: 1500s pennyng, 1500s– penning.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pen v.², -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < pen v.² + -ing suffix¹.

The action of pen v.²; writing, composition; (also) something composed.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > [noun]

writingeOE

penning1548

composition1553

characterizing1591

penship1622

scription1627

exaration1631

inkshed1672

scrivening1680

quill-driving1756

pen-and-inkage1894

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxvii A letter..bothe for the stile & the pennyng excellently endited.

1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie 260 My to carefull penning maie perhaps offend som.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 134 Reade thou that challenge, marke the penning oft.

1687 Royal Proclam. 18 Nov. in London Gaz. No. 2297/1 The Doubtful Penning of some Parts of the said Act.

1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 154 I suppose it is of my Sister's Penning, and he, poor Man, is the humble Copier.

1782 R. B. Sheridan Let. 7 Apr. (1966) I. 141 There are two or three Gentlemen who have sent us Performances of their own penning for this Purpose.

1849 C. Stovel Canne's Necessitie of Separation Introd. p. lxiii The treatment of words, and the penning of signatures, in that way was rather unusual.

1936 Times 22 May 12/1 In those days,..there was sufficient time to allow a man..to devote his entire skill to the penning of his letter.

1994 M. J. Richtarik Acting between Lines v. 140 Other directors..had hitherto confined their public activity to the penning of controversial..programme notes on the plays.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

penningn.²

Brit.

/ˈpɛnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpɛnɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pen v.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < pen v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.

The action of pen v.¹; the enclosing or confining of animals. Also with up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > [noun]

closurec1420

pinning1503

closing1580

seclusion1623

penning1626

impoundage1954

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > sheep herding > action of sheep-dog

penning1886

cast1933

fetch1938

outrun1938

lift1942

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §152 The penning and enclosure of the air, in the concave of the well.

1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) Sept. xi. 54 Once Penning in Winter is worth twice Penning in the forward Part of the Summer.

1751 Act 24 Geo. II c. 8 §2 Locks, Weirs..and the Shutting, Penning, Opening, Drawing, Use..thereof.

1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 201 In penning, the dog works closely to the sheep.

1921 Kelso Chron. 12 Aug. 2 This bitch started well... Her haulding, lifting, and penning were good, her bringing and driving very fair.

1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Oct. 310 One daggy sheep can stain quite a few clean sheep when penning up is in progress.

2002 Equus Mar. 66/2 Periodic roundups, to sort the herds and help individuals reclaim their own horses, eventually evolved into the current annual tradition of Pony Penning.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Penningn.³

Brit.

/ˈpɛnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpɛnɪŋ/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Penning.

Etymology: < the name of Frans Michel Penning (1894–1953), American physicist, who devised the instruments.

Physics.

1. Penning gauge n. [described by Penning (1937), in Physica 4 71] an ionization gauge with an unheated cathode in which a magnetic field is applied to increase the number of ions produced.

ΚΠ

1949 S. Dushman Sci. Found. Vacuum Technique vi. 345 (caption) 345 Cold-cathode ionization gauge (Penning).]

1953 Jrnl. Sci. Instruments 30 271/2 (caption) Calibration curves of the Penning gauge for argon.

1958 Science 8 Aug. 280/1 The Penning gauge, or Philips gauge, as it is called in this country, uses a high-transparency anode, solid cathodes, and a magnetic field which greatly increases ionization.

1978 Nature 12 Jan. 141/1 Pressures were measured with a cold cathode Penning gauge situated ∼10 cm from the sample.

2002 Solid State Technol. (Nexis) 45 58 The original Penning gauge has evolved into the inverted magnetron (IM) cold cathode gauge with a range from 10−9 torr to 5 mtorr.

2. Penning trap n. [the physical principles underlying its operation were described by Penning (1936), in Physica 3 873] an ion trap that uses static magnetic and electric fields to confine ions or other charged particles.

ΚΠ

1967 H. G. Dehmelt in Adv. Atomic & Molecular Physics 3 58 (heading) Operating parameters of Penning trap for containment of thermal electrons.

1974 Physical Rev. Lett. 33 737 (title) Penning-trap technique for studying electron-atom collisions at low energy.

1983 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 643 The other experiment used a frequency-doubled tunable dye laser to cool a Mg⁺ ion in a Penning trap with a large magnetic field.

2002 Nature 3 Oct. 440/1 An essential innovation..was the nested Penning trap, a clever device that solves the problem of how to confine oppositely charged positrons and anti-protons simultaneously.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† penningadj.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pen n.², -ing suffix².

Etymology: < pen n.² + -ing suffix².Apparently not < pen v.¹, which is not attested in this sense.

Obsolete.

Apparently: (of the sheep of a fold) entering or being enclosed in a pen.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [adjective] > enclosed in pen, stall, etc.

enclosed1552

stalled1560

impent1633

shedded1850

ox-fenced1852

penning1854

coted1866

impounded1888

1854 S. T. Dobell Balder xxiii. 124 Sound of lowing kine, And echoes long and clear, And herdsman's evening call, And bells of penning folds, Sweet and low.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online September 2019).

n.¹1548

n.²1626

n.³1953

adj.1854

单词	penning
释义	penningn.¹ Brit. /ˈpɛnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɛnɪŋ/ Forms: 1500s pennyng, 1500s– penning. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pen v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < pen v.² + -ing suffix¹. The action of pen v.²; writing, composition; (also) something composed. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > [noun] writingeOE penning1548 composition1553 characterizing1591 penship1622 scription1627 exaration1631 inkshed1672 scrivening1680 quill-driving1756 pen-and-inkage1894 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxvii A letter..bothe for the stile & the pennyng excellently endited. 1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie 260 My to carefull penning maie perhaps offend som. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 134 Reade thou that challenge, marke the penning oft. View more context for this quotation 1687 Royal Proclam. 18 Nov. in London Gaz. No. 2297/1 The Doubtful Penning of some Parts of the said Act. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 154 I suppose it is of my Sister's Penning, and he, poor Man, is the humble Copier. 1782 R. B. Sheridan Let. 7 Apr. (1966) I. 141 There are two or three Gentlemen who have sent us Performances of their own penning for this Purpose. 1849 C. Stovel Canne's Necessitie of Separation Introd. p. lxiii The treatment of words, and the penning of signatures, in that way was rather unusual. 1936 Times 22 May 12/1 In those days,..there was sufficient time to allow a man..to devote his entire skill to the penning of his letter. 1994 M. J. Richtarik Acting between Lines v. 140 Other directors..had hitherto confined their public activity to the penning of controversial..programme notes on the plays. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). penningn.² Brit. /ˈpɛnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɛnɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pen v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < pen v.¹ + -ing suffix¹. The action of pen v.¹; the enclosing or confining of animals. Also with up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > [noun] closurec1420 pinning1503 closing1580 seclusion1623 penning1626 impoundage1954 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > sheep herding > action of sheep-dog penning1886 cast1933 fetch1938 outrun1938 lift1942 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §152 The penning and enclosure of the air, in the concave of the well. 1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) Sept. xi. 54 Once Penning in Winter is worth twice Penning in the forward Part of the Summer. 1751 Act 24 Geo. II c. 8 §2 Locks, Weirs..and the Shutting, Penning, Opening, Drawing, Use..thereof. 1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 201 In penning, the dog works closely to the sheep. 1921 Kelso Chron. 12 Aug. 2 This bitch started well... Her haulding, lifting, and penning were good, her bringing and driving very fair. 1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Oct. 310 One daggy sheep can stain quite a few clean sheep when penning up is in progress. 2002 Equus Mar. 66/2 Periodic roundups, to sort the herds and help individuals reclaim their own horses, eventually evolved into the current annual tradition of Pony Penning. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Penningn.³ Brit. /ˈpɛnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɛnɪŋ/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Penning. Etymology: < the name of Frans Michel Penning (1894–1953), American physicist, who devised the instruments. Physics. 1. Penning gauge n. [described by Penning (1937), in Physica 4 71] an ionization gauge with an unheated cathode in which a magnetic field is applied to increase the number of ions produced. ΚΠ 1949 S. Dushman Sci. Found. Vacuum Technique vi. 345 (caption) 345 Cold-cathode ionization gauge (Penning).] 1953 Jrnl. Sci. Instruments 30 271/2 (caption) Calibration curves of the Penning gauge for argon. 1958 Science 8 Aug. 280/1 The Penning gauge, or Philips gauge, as it is called in this country, uses a high-transparency anode, solid cathodes, and a magnetic field which greatly increases ionization. 1978 Nature 12 Jan. 141/1 Pressures were measured with a cold cathode Penning gauge situated ∼10 cm from the sample. 2002 Solid State Technol. (Nexis) 45 58 The original Penning gauge has evolved into the inverted magnetron (IM) cold cathode gauge with a range from 10−9 torr to 5 mtorr. 2. Penning trap n. [the physical principles underlying its operation were described by Penning (1936), in Physica 3 873] an ion trap that uses static magnetic and electric fields to confine ions or other charged particles. ΚΠ 1967 H. G. Dehmelt in Adv. Atomic & Molecular Physics 3 58 (heading) Operating parameters of Penning trap for containment of thermal electrons. 1974 Physical Rev. Lett. 33 737 (title) Penning-trap technique for studying electron-atom collisions at low energy. 1983 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 643 The other experiment used a frequency-doubled tunable dye laser to cool a Mg⁺ ion in a Penning trap with a large magnetic field. 2002 Nature 3 Oct. 440/1 An essential innovation..was the nested Penning trap, a clever device that solves the problem of how to confine oppositely charged positrons and anti-protons simultaneously. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † penningadj. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pen n.², -ing suffix². Etymology: < pen n.² + -ing suffix².Apparently not < pen v.¹, which is not attested in this sense. Obsolete. Apparently: (of the sheep of a fold) entering or being enclosed in a pen.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [adjective] > enclosed in pen, stall, etc. enclosed1552 stalled1560 impent1633 shedded1850 ox-fenced1852 penning1854 coted1866 impounded1888 1854 S. T. Dobell Balder xxiii. 124 Sound of lowing kine, And echoes long and clear, And herdsman's evening call, And bells of penning folds, Sweet and low. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < n.¹1548n.²1626n.³1953adj.1854
随便看	woman of science woman of sense woman of state woman of substance woman of the bedchamber woman of the house woman of the night woman of the people woman of the siecle woman of the street woman of the town woman of the world woman officer woman palaver woman physician woman power woman question woman returner woman scorned woman servant woman shoemaker woman slayer woman sole woman suffrage woman suffragist

penningn.1

penningn.2

Penningn.3

† penningadj.

penningn.¹

penningn.²

Penningn.³