perqueeradv.adj.

Brit.

/pəˈkwɪə/, U.S.

/pərˈkwɪ(ə)r/, Scottish English

/pərˈkwir/

Forms: pre-1700 parqueer, pre-1700 parqueir, pre-1700 parquier, pre-1700 percure, pre-1700 perquear, pre-1700 perqueere, pre-1700 perqueire, pre-1700 perqueirr, pre-1700 perquer, pre-1700 perquere, pre-1700 perqueyre, pre-1700 perquier, pre-1700 perquyre, pre-1700 1700s perquire, pre-1700 1700s– perqueer, pre-1700 1700s– perqueir, 1700s proqueer, 1700s (1900s– Orkney) prequeer, 1900s– prekweer (Orkney), 1900s– prequier (Orkney).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French par cuer.

Etymology: < Middle French par cuer from the heart, sincerely (12th cent. in Old French; also in Old French as par coer , par cor ), from memory, by heart (c1200; French par coeur ) < par by (see per prep.) + cuer , variant of coeur heart (see core n.¹).

Scottish.

A. adv.

1. By heart, from memory; perfectly, exactly; clearly, distinctly. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > memorization > [adverb]

on breastOE

bout bookOE

by rotea1325

by hearta1387

without (one's) booka1413

par coeura1425

cordially1479

perqueerc1480

cordiala1500

by the book1556

memoriter1612

memorially1660

from memory1856

c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 414 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 111 He..leryt sa, for he was wyse, al þat til a monk suld fere in-to schort tyme wele perquere.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 238 Yan all perquer he suld it wyt.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 137 Gif thou can not schaw furth thi synnes perqueir.

1577 in D. Balfour Oppress. 16th Cent. Orkney & Zetland (1859) 19 He [sc. the Lawrightman]..pronuncit the decreitis perqueyre in default of scrybis.

a1610 J. Sempill in Sempill Ballatis (1872) 247 The fearefull babe quho knawes his task perqueir.

1638 R. Baillie Let. 27 Feb. in Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 34 A number of thir passages I had perquire.

1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets i. 8 Could newest Aiths genteely swear, And had a Course of Flaws perquire.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 32 Sae ye maun gee your answer now perqueer.

1802 Edinb. Mag. July 57 The lads cud told my tale perqueer.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Perquer He said his lesson perqueir.

1913 H. P. Cameron tr. Thomas à Kempis Of Imitation of Christ i. i Ye kent the hail Byeack [= Book] perqueir.

†2. Certainly, without doubt. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > [adverb]

iwis?c1160

sickerlyc1175

wisc1175

wislyc1200

i-witterlic1275

sickerc1275

certc1300

hardilyc1300

hardlya1325

certain1330

tristilya1350

certainlya1375

redelya1375

redilya1375

surelyc1380

hand in handa1382

righta1393

assuredlya1400

surea1400

naturallyc1425

in certc1440

ascertainly1477

soverly1513

perqueer1568

really1604

assurelya1626

just1687

pos1710

besure1743

verdad1928

1568 in J. Small Poems W. Dunbar (1893) II. 312 For he that pacience can nocht leir, He sall displesance haif, perqueir.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 30549 Siclike as this and mekle mair perqueir He said to him.

†3. to live perqueer: to be short of money, to live in poverty. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) i. 46 Lat perversit prelettis leif perqueir.

a1586 R. Maitland Aganis Weiris in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS. (1919) I. xcvii. 306 Thai haue na feir To gar thair nychtbour leif perqueir.

1656 R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1842) III. 315 Mr Matthias Simsone..is like to get the stipend and Mr Rule to live perquire.

1677 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) III. 122 The relict..ought also then to have half a year's rent by advance..since she cannot feed on the air or live perquire.

4. Orkney. With visual clarity; clearly, distinctly. Cf. sense B. 2. rare.

ΚΠ

1988 G. Lamb Orkney Wordbk. at Prequeer I can see the Owld Man o Hoy prequeer the day.

B. adj.

†1. Of a person: thoroughly versed; accurate; knowledgeable. Of a skill, judgement, etc.: demanding or revealing special knowledge; expert; clear, exact. Also of a thing: skilfully made. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > prepared or ready > completely ready

perfecta1382

perqueer1572

pointa1637

well1805

1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxx. 72 Rype of ingyne, with iudgement perqueir.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 7133 In all prattik of weir he waes perqueir.

a1658 J. Durham Great Corruption Subtile Self (1723) Ded. sig. A3 To..be spiritually perqueer in..self-denial.

1755 R. Forbes tr. Ovid Ajax his Speech (new ed.) 5 At threeps I am na' sae perquire, Nor auld-farren as he.

1787 W. Taylor Poems 131 Him speak sae fair, him sae perqueer.

1791 Caledonian Mercury 19 Sept. Braid Scots!—a lead fu' sweet to hear, Expressive, pithy, an' prequeer.

1796 J. Lauderdale Coll. Poems Sc. Dial. 22 The wark was mair proqueer Wi' gowd, an' ither costly gear.

2. Orkney. Clear to the sight, distinct.

ΚΠ

1912 in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. V. ii. 70 He saw his son coman' wi' them for da house as prequier as dae.

1929 H. Marwick Orkney Norn Gloss. Prekweer, -queer,..used of houses, islands, &c., on a clear day—‘they're very prekweer the day’.

Derivatives

† perqueerly adv. Obsolete exactly; clearly, distinctly.

ΚΠ

?1760 S. Haliburton Mem. Magopico i. 6 In two Years more, he made such Progress that..he could read ye very perqueerly the x. Chapter of Neihimia.

1796 J. Lauderdale Coll. Poems Sc. Dial. 95 [He] cou'd a tauld them right prequeerly.

1843 J. Nicholson Hist. & Tradit. Tales 129 The English cou'dna mak' out the preceese meaning o' the words perqueerly.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	perqueer
释义	perqueeradv.adj. Brit. /pəˈkwɪə/, U.S. /pərˈkwɪ(ə)r/, Scottish English /pərˈkwir/ Forms: pre-1700 parqueer, pre-1700 parqueir, pre-1700 parquier, pre-1700 percure, pre-1700 perquear, pre-1700 perqueere, pre-1700 perqueire, pre-1700 perqueirr, pre-1700 perquer, pre-1700 perquere, pre-1700 perqueyre, pre-1700 perquier, pre-1700 perquyre, pre-1700 1700s perquire, pre-1700 1700s– perqueer, pre-1700 1700s– perqueir, 1700s proqueer, 1700s (1900s– Orkney) prequeer, 1900s– prekweer (Orkney), 1900s– prequier (Orkney). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French par cuer. Etymology: < Middle French par cuer from the heart, sincerely (12th cent. in Old French; also in Old French as par coer , par cor ), from memory, by heart (c1200; French par coeur ) < par by (see per prep.) + cuer , variant of coeur heart (see core n.¹). Scottish. A. adv. 1. By heart, from memory; perfectly, exactly; clearly, distinctly. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > memorization > [adverb] on breastOE bout bookOE by rotea1325 by hearta1387 without (one's) booka1413 par coeura1425 cordially1479 perqueerc1480 cordiala1500 by the book1556 memoriter1612 memorially1660 from memory1856 c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 414 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 111 He..leryt sa, for he was wyse, al þat til a monk suld fere in-to schort tyme wele perquere. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 238 Yan all perquer he suld it wyt. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 137 Gif thou can not schaw furth thi synnes perqueir. 1577 in D. Balfour Oppress. 16th Cent. Orkney & Zetland (1859) 19 He [sc. the Lawrightman]..pronuncit the decreitis perqueyre in default of scrybis. a1610 J. Sempill in Sempill Ballatis (1872) 247 The fearefull babe quho knawes his task perqueir. 1638 R. Baillie Let. 27 Feb. in Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 34 A number of thir passages I had perquire. 1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets i. 8 Could newest Aiths genteely swear, And had a Course of Flaws perquire. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 32 Sae ye maun gee your answer now perqueer. 1802 Edinb. Mag. July 57 The lads cud told my tale perqueer. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Perquer He said his lesson perqueir. 1913 H. P. Cameron tr. Thomas à Kempis Of Imitation of Christ i. i Ye kent the hail Byeack [= Book] perqueir. †2. Certainly, without doubt. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > [adverb] iwis?c1160 sickerlyc1175 wisc1175 wislyc1200 i-witterlic1275 sickerc1275 certc1300 hardilyc1300 hardlya1325 certain1330 tristilya1350 certainlya1375 redelya1375 redilya1375 surelyc1380 hand in handa1382 righta1393 assuredlya1400 surea1400 naturallyc1425 in certc1440 ascertainly1477 soverly1513 perqueer1568 really1604 assurelya1626 just1687 pos1710 besure1743 verdad1928 1568 in J. Small Poems W. Dunbar (1893) II. 312 For he that pacience can nocht leir, He sall displesance haif, perqueir. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 30549 Siclike as this and mekle mair perqueir He said to him. †3. to live perqueer: to be short of money, to live in poverty. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) i. 46 Lat perversit prelettis leif perqueir. a1586 R. Maitland Aganis Weiris in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS. (1919) I. xcvii. 306 Thai haue na feir To gar thair nychtbour leif perqueir. 1656 R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1842) III. 315 Mr Matthias Simsone..is like to get the stipend and Mr Rule to live perquire. 1677 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) III. 122 The relict..ought also then to have half a year's rent by advance..since she cannot feed on the air or live perquire. 4. Orkney. With visual clarity; clearly, distinctly. Cf. sense B. 2. rare. ΚΠ 1988 G. Lamb Orkney Wordbk. at Prequeer I can see the Owld Man o Hoy prequeer the day. B. adj. †1. Of a person: thoroughly versed; accurate; knowledgeable. Of a skill, judgement, etc.: demanding or revealing special knowledge; expert; clear, exact. Also of a thing: skilfully made. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > prepared or ready > completely ready perfecta1382 perqueer1572 pointa1637 well1805 1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxx. 72 Rype of ingyne, with iudgement perqueir. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 7133 In all prattik of weir he waes perqueir. a1658 J. Durham Great Corruption Subtile Self (1723) Ded. sig. A3 To..be spiritually perqueer in..self-denial. 1755 R. Forbes tr. Ovid Ajax his Speech (new ed.) 5 At threeps I am na' sae perquire, Nor auld-farren as he. 1787 W. Taylor Poems 131 Him speak sae fair, him sae perqueer. 1791 Caledonian Mercury 19 Sept. Braid Scots!—a lead fu' sweet to hear, Expressive, pithy, an' prequeer. 1796 J. Lauderdale Coll. Poems Sc. Dial. 22 The wark was mair proqueer Wi' gowd, an' ither costly gear. 2. Orkney. Clear to the sight, distinct. ΚΠ 1912 in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. V. ii. 70 He saw his son coman' wi' them for da house as prequier as dae. 1929 H. Marwick Orkney Norn Gloss. Prekweer, -queer,..used of houses, islands, &c., on a clear day—‘they're very prekweer the day’. Derivatives † perqueerly adv. Obsolete exactly; clearly, distinctly. ΚΠ ?1760 S. Haliburton Mem. Magopico i. 6 In two Years more, he made such Progress that..he could read ye very perqueerly the x. Chapter of Neihimia. 1796 J. Lauderdale Coll. Poems Sc. Dial. 95 [He] cou'd a tauld them right prequeerly. 1843 J. Nicholson Hist. & Tradit. Tales 129 The English cou'dna mak' out the preceese meaning o' the words perqueerly. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.adj.c1480
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