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单词 pert
释义

† pertn.1

Forms: Middle English perd, Middle English pert.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French perde, perte.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French perde, perte loss (c1050 in Old French; French perte ) < post-classical Latin perdita loss (recorded from the early 13th cent. but probably earlier), use as noun of feminine of past participle of classical Latin perdere to lose (see perdition n.). Compare Old Occitan perda (second half of the 12th cent.; Occitan pèda), Catalan pèdua (1090 as perdoa), Spanish pérdida (1207), Portuguese perda (13th cent.), Italian perdita (a1292).The rhyme indicates that the word was pronounced with a final -t, thus the word was probably borrowed directly from the more common Middle French form perte. Anglo-Norman and Old French also had a rare masculine form pert < post-classical Latin perditum (1168 in a British source in plural, perdita).
Obsolete. rare.
Loss; that which is lost.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > loss > [noun]
lore971
lurec1000
missOE
tharningc1175
tinec1330
tinsela1340
leesing1362
loss1377
losinga1387
pert?a1400
tininga1400
amissionc1429
misture1563
expense1593
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 3811 He ȝede to princes..ffor help to haue his regne ageyn, bot..none wild help restore his pert [a1450 Lamb. perd], ffyue ȝere he was in poueret [Lamb. pouert].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

pertadj.adv.n.2

Brit. /pəːt/, U.S. /pərt/
Forms:

α. Middle English pertte, Middle English–1600s perte, Middle English– pert; Scottish pre-1700 part, pre-1700 perte, pre-1700 perth, pre-1700 pertt, pre-1700 1700s– pert.

β. Middle English peert, Middle English–1600s peart, Middle English–1700s piert, 1500s pearte, 1500s pierte, 1500s–1600s peirt; English regional 1800s peeort (Lancashire), 1800s– peart, 1800s– peeart (northern and midlands), 1800s– peert, 1800s– piert (northern and midlands), 1800s– pyert (Lancashire), 1900s– peat (Yorkshire), 1900s– peet (Yorkshire); U.S. regional (chiefly southern and south Midland) 1800s piert, 1800s– peart, 1800s– peert, 1900s– pyert; Scottish pre-1700 pairt, pre-1700 peart, pre-1700 pearte, pre-1700 peirt, pre-1700 peirte.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: apert adj.
Etymology: Aphetic < apert adj.; in sense A. 8 influenced by expert adj.1 and its French and Latin etymons (see discussion s.v. apert adj. and adv.). The (now regional) β forms show vowel lengthening before a cluster of homorganic consonants; they are especially common in sense A. 4. In some varieties the α and β forms cover different semantic ranges; see especially senses A. 2 and A. 4. Compare also perk adj.
A. adj.
I. Open; outspoken; lively.
†1.
a. Open, unconcealed; evident, manifest; public; = apert adj. 1, 2. Also (quot. a1375 at α. ): acknowledged. Frequently opposed to privy. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adjective]
openlyeOE
underna900
openeOE
utterly12..
unhida1300
perta1325
apert1330
nakeda1382
public1394
patenta1398
foreign?c1400
overtc1400
unrecovered1433
publicalc1450
open-visageda1513
bare1526
uncloaked1539
subject1556
uncovered1577
unmasked1590
facely1593
undisguised1598
female1602
unveiled1606
unshrouded1610
barefaceda1616
disclouded1615
unhiddena1616
broad-faced1643
with full miena1657
undissembled1671
frank1752
bald-faced1761
unconfidential1772
ostensible1782
unglossed1802
undisguising1813
unvisored1827
unconcealed1839
disprivacied1848
disguiseless1850
bald1854
unobscured1879
visible1885
open door1898
above ground1976
α.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3292 Ðor-quiles he weren in ðe desert, God tagte hem weie, wis and pert.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 4930 (MED) Þer come menskful messageres..from hire broþer partendo, þat was hire pert broþer.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 216 (MED) He did a perte folie.
c1475 tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy (Harl.) 174 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 86 (MED) Or perte [a1500 Cambr. In hir fayled no thyng..pryue nor apert].
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. cccliiiv Thorowe pert necessite, al thyng commyng is commyng.
1558 B. Burgh Boke of Cato 101 In euery place priuie and perte.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 162 Or priue or pert yf any bene, We han great Bandogs will teare their skinne.
1617 J. Davies Wits Bedlam (title of poem) Of Faustine's plaine and pert well-doing.
b. Of open countenance; unreserved, approachable. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [adjective] > straightforward or frank
right fortha1382
plaina1393
free-hearteda1398
round1487
opena1535
sincere1539
frank1555
pert1567
single-hearted1574
single-minded1577
direct1586
open-hearted1593
open-breasted1594
transparent1600
unclose1606
unminced1648
even down1654
unreserved1654
rugged1678
plain sailing1707
whole-footed1744
sturdy1775
heart-in-mouth1827
jannock1828
straightforward1829
direct-dealing1830
undiplomatic1834
straight-ahead1836
straight-up-and-down1859
man to man1902
1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Fvj Be perte, and cleare in countinaunce Not malipert, and light.
2. In negative sense.
a. Of a person, esp. a young one, or one regarded as socially inferior: impertinent or saucy in speech or manners; malapert; cheeky. Cf. apert adj. 5.Cf. also sense A. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [adjective] > pert or brash
pertc1405
skipjack1598
puppily1682
whelpish1688
saucy1710
owdacious1751
minxing1767
puppyish1775
puppy-like1792
brash1824
pertish1836
cheekish1838
uppish1841
tossy1848
fly1884
soubrettish1891
whipper-snapping1925
in your face1975
α.
c1415 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Corpus Oxf.) (1870) 30 And sche was proud and pert as is a pye.
?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte (de Worde) sig. Aiij And sayde I was to blame To be so perte to prese so proudly vppe.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 320/2 Perte saucy or homly, malapert.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Perte in makynge aunswere, argutus et argutulus.
1618 B. Holyday Τεχνογαμια ii. i Twill come to a fine passe in a while, if wee suffer euery young pert thing to be prachant, especially towards their elders.
1682 T. D'Urfey Royalist iv. i. 39 What, d'ye grow pert, you little Buttock!
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. 36 Says Mrs. Jervis, Pamela, dont be pert to his Honour.
1791 R. Burns Let. Mar. (2003) II. 78 The pulvilis'd, feathered, pert coxcomb is so horrible in my nostril that my stomach turns.
1835 R. Southey in E. Dowden Corr. R. Southey & W. C. Bowles (1881) 319 Mrs. Barbauld was cold as her creed: her niece..pert as a pear-monger.
a1894 R. L. Stevenson Amateur Emigrant (1895) 126 He lied in an aggressive, brazen manner, like a pert criminal in the dock.
1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables vi. 64 Her family of pert, quarrelsome children.
1987 W. Percy Thanatos Syndrome (1989) i. vii. 48 She goes out of her way to be pert with me, perter than I'm used to from people black or white.
β. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Ellesmere) (1870) 3950 And she was proud and peert as is a pye.c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Piij v Some be forgetfull, some peart, some insolent.1593 J. Donne Satires i, in Poems (1630) 325 Though a briske perfum'd piert Courtier Deigne with a nod, thy courtesie to answer.1677 T. Rawlins Tom Essence i. i. 3 It shan't be so with my peirt Block-head;..I'le spoyle his gadding I'le warrant him.1833 C. F. Hoffman Let. 26 Dec. in Winter in West (1835) I. 212 He looks so peert whenever he comes in.1867 ‘P. V. Nasby’ His Ideas of Men, Politics, & Things ix. 67 He hed on a life preserver..but a peert little devil stuck a pin into it, and it collapsed.
b. Of behaviour, speech, features, etc.: impertinent, cheeky.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [adjective] > pert or brash > specifically of behaviour
pert1668
α.
c1550 Johan Euangelyst sig. C.iii He prayde not, but praysed hymselfe there Standyng vpryght with a perte face.
1664 G. Etherege Comical Revenge iv. iii. 53 If you ask such pert Questions, Madam, I can stop your mouth.
1668 J. Glanvill Blow at Mod. Sadducism Pref. sig. A2 With a pert and pragmatical Insolence, they censure all.
1702 Eng. Theophrastus 6 We admire the pert talk of children, because we expected nothing from them.
1763 F. Brooke Hist. Lady Julia Mandeville I. Epistle 6. 44 We were entertained by Mademoiselle la Fille, who is little, lean, brown, with small pert black eyes.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxvi. 397 The man in blue being a light-haired, stiff-necked, free and easy sort of footman, with a swaggering air and pert face.
1898 G. B. Shaw Candida i. 82 In a black merino skirt and a blouse, rather pert and quick of speech, and not very civil in her manner.
1924 G. B. Shaw St. Joan vi. 87 We are not so foolish as you think us. Try to resist the temptation to make pert replies to us.
2002 Evening Standard (Nexis) 31 Jan. Altman's way with her impulsive body language matches her pert tongue.
β. 1615 A. Nixon Scourge Corrupt. 3 His gesture apish and peart.a1916 J. W. Riley New Year's Time at Willards's in Compl. Wks. (1916) IV. 1077 Marg'et..chips in to drap The ruther peert remark to me.
†c. As an intensifier of an expression of disfavour. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [adjective]
woughc888
litherc893
frakeda900
sinnyc950
unrighteouseOE
baleOE
manOE
unfeleOE
ungoodc1000
unwrasta1122
illc1175
nithec1175
wickc1175
hinderfulc1200
quedec1275
wickedc1275
wondlichc1275
unkindc1325
badc1330
divers1340
wrakefula1350
felonousc1374
flagitiousc1384
lewdc1386
noughta1387
ungoodly1390
unquertc1390
diverse1393
felona1400
imperfectc1400
unfairc1400
unfinec1400
unblesseda1425
meschant?c1450
naughtyc1460
feculent1471
sinister1474
noughty?1490
ill-deedya1500
pernicious?1533
scelerous1534
naught1536
goodlyc1560
nefarious1567
iron1574
felly1583
paganish1587
improbate1596
malefactious1607
villain1607
infand1608
scelestious1609
illful1613
scelestic1628
inimicitious1641
infandous1645
iniquous1655
improbous1657
malefactory1667
perta1704
iniquitous1726
unracy1782
unredeemed1799
demoralized1800
fetid1805
scarlet1820
gammy1832
nefast1849
disvaluable1942
badass1955
bad-assed1962
a1704 T. Brown 1st Satyr Persius Imitated in Wks. (1707) I. i. 78 Here a Pert Sot, with six Months Pains brings forth, A strange, mishapen, and ridiculous Birth.
1728 A. Pope Dunciad ii. 27 With pert flat eyes she window'd well its head, A brain of feathers, and a heart of lead.
1752 H. Walpole Let. 5 Aug. in Corr. (1973) XXXV. 145 The Fairfaxes have fitted up a pert bad apartment in the fore-part of the castle.
†3.
a. Bold, valiant; eager to fight. Obsolete.Cf. also quots. c1390 at sense A. 8a, c1500 at sense A. 8a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > valour > warlike valour > [adjective]
proudc1275
steepc1275
wightc1275
sturdy1297
stoutc1325
valiantc1330
stern1390
martialc1425
pertc1450
stalwartc1480
talla1529
handsome1665
c1450 (c1420) J. Page Siege of Rouen (Bodl.) 60 (MED) At every parcelle of them wolde be A ten thousand..Fulle ryally arayde at the beste, And therto perte and wonder preste.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 2752 The kyng comaund to come..Polidamos, prist, a full pert knight.
1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS f. 135 It makis a perte mows Ane vnhardy catt.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 27123 Tua pert Pechtis on hors wer huvand by.
b. In negative sense: audacious, culpably bold or daring; presumptuous; insubordinate. Obsolete.In early use having more force than sense A. 2a, but later merging with this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [adjective]
thristec897
bolda1000
keen1297
apert1330
smartc1400
malaperta1425
overbolda1425
affronted1485
saucy1511
impertinata1525
over-familiar1529
pert1535
cocket1537
cockapert1556
contumelious1561
impudent1563
brass-bold1582
pertlike1582
paughtya1586
audacious1586
copped1597
effronted1598
petulant1598
dortya1605
rufty-tufty1606
facy1607
snappish1608
bold-faceda1616
over-pert1621
impertinent1631
procacious1660
insolent1678
calleting1691
effrontuousa1734
imperent1771
free1775
sassy1799
pawky1809
iron-sideda1825
gilpie1835
cheeky1838
fresh1843
snouty1858
nebby1873
gay1889
nebsy1894
nervy1896
brass neck1925
facety1928
facey1929
brass-necked1935
chutzpadik1959
α.
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. D1v But this I scorne, that one so baselie borne, Should by his soueraignes fauour grow so pert.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I That none..Durst be so pert as to stryk with ane wapyn.
1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence iv. 73 S. Hierome reproving certain pert Deacons for insulting over Priests.
1673 King Charles II in O. Airy Lauderdale Papers (1885) III. 2 Now they are not so perte on that subiect as they were.
β. 1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 2914 Ye are over peart with sik maters to mell.1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Riii/1 Pearte, audax, impudens.
4. Alert; lively, sprightly; cheerful. In later use also English regional and U.S. regional (esp. in form peart): in good health or spirits, as opposed to sickly or depressed.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [adjective] > cheerful and lively
taitc1300
cant1330
crouse?a1400
pert?a1513
sprightya1522
aleger1590
sprightly1594
sunshine1594
brighta1616
lifesomec1635
flippant1711
cantya1724
saucy1741
chirk1789
chipper1806
chirrupy1808
up1815
chirpy1837
breezy1870
cyclonish1884
α.
1567 G. Turberville tr. G. B. Spagnoli Eglogs 3 The pretty, perte, & prickeard Mouse.
1581 T. Nuce tr. Octavia (new ed.) i. i, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 161v Syr Phœbus pert with spouting beame From dewy neast doth mount apace.
1637 J. Milton Comus 5 And on the tawny sands and shelves, Trip the pert Fairies and the dapper Elves.
1696 Verney Mem. (1899) IV. 477 I watched last night with him and I thought him fine and pert in the morning but hee fell off again in the afternoone as hee doth most Daies.
1774 P. V. Fithian Jrnl. & Lett. (1900) 241 Ben seems a little more pert today.
1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi II. iv. i. 91 The grave officer could not refrain a smile at the pert..boldness of the boy.
1872 R. B. Marcy Border Reminisc. 252 Wa'al, now, straanger,..I war middlin' sort o' pert yesterday, but..I'ze powerful weak to-day.
1911 F. H. Burnett Secret Garden vii. 64 She knew at once that the robin had come again. He was very pert and lively, and hopped about.
1984 J. Malcolm In Freud Arch. (1986) ii. i. 91 He has a pert, fresh face and straight light-brown hair that keeps falling in his eyes.
β. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 106 He wes townysche, peirt and gukit.1565 T. Harding Confut. Apol. Church of Eng. v. v. f. 247 Here pricketh forth this hasty Defender, as peart as a peare-monger.1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream i. i. 13 Awake the peart and nimble spirit of mirth. View more context for this quotation1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 2 They are very peart in the new of the Moon, and sad in the conjunction.1828 J. Hall Lett. from West 304 These little fixens..make a man feel right peart, when he is three or four hundred miles from any body or any place.1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iii. 65 And watched the hawks soaring, and the ‘peert’ bird.1868 D. E. Hurst Gloss. Sussex Words in D. E. Horsham (1889) (at cited word) I'm sure the child is better to-day, she looks so peart.1943 Amer. Speech 18 67/2 Peart (lively, in good health, especially of older people).1956 N. Algren Walk on Wild Side i. 14 The house itself looked as if one peart wind would blow it down.1994 R. Hendrickson Happy Trails 178 Peart; peert; pert Cheerful, lively, bright. ‘He looked right peart.’
5. Of an alcoholic drink or its taste: lively; pleasantly sharp to the taste. rare until late 20th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [adjective] > brisk or sharp
smart1372
brisk1600
sprightly?1600
pert1705
1705 E. Ward Satyr Against Wine 14 Its [sc. small beer's] pert Taste did e'ery Pallate please.
a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husb. (1757) I. 377 Oat-malt and barley-malt equally mixed..makes a very pretty, pert, smooth drink.
1812 ‘P. Pindar’ Anticipation 7 No burgundy for me, no pert champaign.
1998 M. Gluck Superplonk 1999 307 It's dry, pert, gently lemony and melony but finishes crisp as a cos.
2002 Toronto Star (Nexis) 27 July (Ontario ed.) h14 A pert Chardonnay with a classy dry finish.
†6. Of a plant or part of a plant: fresh, flourishing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > [adjective] > flourishing or luxuriant in growth
greeneOE
frimOE
ranka1325
wlonk1398
flourishingc1400
rankish1495
frank?1548
gole1573
abled1576
wanton1579
proud1597
unseared1599
unwithered1599
ramping1607
lusha1616
fulsome1633
luxurious1644
rampant1648
luxuriant1661
lascivious1698
pert1727
unnipped1775
verdurous1820
happy1875
1727 S. Switzer Pract. Kitchen Gardiner ii. xii. 95 Provided it [sc. a melon] ripens well whilst the leaves and stalk are pert and green.
1772 in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1919) 14 272 The Corn looks pert & green.
1846 L. M. Child Fact & Fiction 160 Here is a root of Lady's-delight. How bright and pert it looks.
1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words at Peart (Of a tree or plant.) Flourishing.
II. Smart, attractive.
7.
a. Of a person, his or her appearance: beautiful, attractive. In later use also: smart, dapper. Now rare (English regional).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > [adjective] > specifically of persons
faireOE
sheenOE
brightOE
(the) sheenc1275
belc1314
pertc1330
quaintc1330
gaya1350
beau1399
formose14..
clearc1420
beautiful1509
venust1513
venereal1598
rare-beautied?1614
venerial1661
seraphic1765
nymphish1789
hyacinthine1847
bloomful1890
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > pleasing appearance > [adjective] > neat or trim
netc1330
pertc1330
cleanc1386
nicec1400
picked?c1425
dapperc1440
feata1471
gim1513
trig1513
well-trimmedc1513
trick1533
smirk1534
tricksy1552
neat1559
netty1573
deft1579
primpc1590
briska1593
smug1598
spruce1598
sprink1602
terse1602
compt1632
nitle1673
sprig1675
snod1691
tight1697
smugged1706
snug1714
pensy1718
fitty1746
jemmy1751
sprucy1774
smartc1778
natty1785
spry1806
perjink1808
soigné1821
nutty1823
toiletted1823
taut1829
spick and span1846
spicy1846
groomed1853
spiffy1853
well-groomed1865
bandboxy1870
perjinkity1880
spick-span1888
bandbox1916
tiddly1925
whip-smart1937
spit and polish1950
spit-and-polished1977
α.
c1330 Sir Degare (Auch.) 504 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) 303 (MED) Al þat in þe felde beȝ..Seide þat hi neuer ȝit iseȝe So pert a man wiȝ here egȝe As was þis gentil Degarre.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 171 (MED) She is pert & wise & clene for to do my desyre.
1628 R. Hayman Quodlibets ii. 35 So haue I seene a plaine swarth, sluttish Ione, Looke pretty pert, and neat with good cloathes on.
1684 T. Otway Atheist iii. 32 He's so very little, pert, and dapper.
1860 G. W. Thornbury in All Year Round 3 Mar. 436/2 A pert, effeminate-looking Cephalonian man.
β. 1596 P. Colse Penelopes Complaint sig. B4 A thousand prettie damsels peart.1608 J. Day Law-trickes sig. C4 What think you of this Lady? would she not make a prettie peart Dutches?1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Godinet, prettie, dapper, feat, peart... Godinette, a prettie peart lasse.1860 J. J. Stevens Green Mountain Boy i. v. 18 Jed.: [stage direct. admiring his dress] Wal, now I guess I look about as piert as anybody that travels this section of the country.a1906 P. L. Dunbar Breaking Charm in Coll. Poetry (1993) 150 She looked so sweet an' peart.
b. Of a part of the body: attractive; esp. (of a nose) small and well-formed; (of the breasts or buttocks) firm, shapely.
ΚΠ
1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel I. vii. 106 Her black eyes and pretty pert mouth.
1870 Galaxy June 812 The sallow face, pert nose, and bold eyes.
1952 W. G. Hardy Unfulfilled iii. v. 246 Actually, as he looked her over, she was rather cute—slim young body and pert young breasts.
1996 Face Apr. 53 The contraption pushes yer bum cheeks up the way gravity never intended, instantly giving you the pert peaches of a pre-pubescent.
III. Expert, clever.
8.
†a. Skilled or expert (in); experienced. Cf. apert adj. 4. Obsolete.In quots. c1390 and c1500 the sense possibly overlaps with sense A. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > expert, proficient, or versed
wiseOE
perfectc1350
expertc1374
pertc1390
complete1526
flesh-bred1548
exact1589
proficienta1593
traded1609
well (better, best) verseda1610
made-upa1616
thorough-paceda1628
elementeda1661
peevish1673
adept1698
finished1710
nap1862
c1390 King of Tars (Vernon) 18 in Englische Studien (1889) 11 33 (MED) Hire to seo was gret preyere Of princes pert in play.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 303 But geffray, that was pert in armes, smote with hys clubbe suche a stroke vpon the flayel, that he made it to flee out of the geantis handes.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 643 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 115 The pitill and ye pype gled..Befor yir princis ay past as pert purviouris.
b. Quick to see and act, sharp; clever; quick-witted; adroit. Now rare (regional in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > sharpness, shrewdness, insight > [adjective]
sharpc888
yepec1000
spacka1200
yare-witelc1275
fellc1300
yap13..
seeinga1382
far-castinga1387
sightya1400
perceivinga1425
snellc1425
politic?a1439
quickc1449
pregnant?a1475
pert1484
quick-wittedc1525
apt1535
intelligentc1540
queemc1540
ready-witted1576
political1577
of (a) great, deep, etc., reach1579
conceited1583
perspicuous1584
sharp-witteda1586
shrewd1589
inseeing1590
conceived1596
acute1598
pregnate1598
agile1599
nimble-headed1601
insighted1602
nimble1604
nimble-witted1604
penetrant1605
penetrating1606
spraga1616
acuminous1619
discoursing1625
smart1639
penetrativea1641
sagacious1650
nasute1653
acuminate1654
blunt-sharpa1661
long-headed1665
smoky1688
rapid1693
keen1704
gash1706
snack1710
cute1731
mobile1778
wide awake1785
acuminated1786
quick-minded1789
kicky1790
snap1790
downy1803
snacky1806
unbaffleable1827
varmint1829
needle-sharp1836
nimble-brained1836
incisivea1850
spry1849
fast1850
snappy1871
hard-boiled1884
on the spot1903
α.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope (ad fin.) The mayster that was perte and quyck was anone promoted to a benefyce.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 105 So pert & swyft they were.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 12044 Emperour Agamynon..Couet Cassandra..Priams pure dughter, pertist of wit.
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xcii. 269 Thus wee see for morality, Nature still is something pert and vigorous.
1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 33 The acutest, and the pertest operations of wit and suttlety.
1743 T. Cooke Epist. to Right Honourable C'tess of Shaftesbury 7 What then, says a pert Poet of our Days, How are ye us'd by Shakespeare?
1747 J. Cawthorn Abelard to Eloisa 224 A pert waiter, smart, and clever, A droit pretence [sic] who wanted never.
1881 G. McDonald Coney Island (MS) i. i. 10 Rich: I have tried to induce him to..take them home and give them their proper place in his home and in his affections... Jasper: Well, Dick, that's real pert, and old Henry won't weaken, hey?
β. 1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 100/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I Perceyving that rough Nettes were not the fittest to take such peart byrdes.1640 R. Baillie Ladensium Αὐτοκατάκρισις ii. 12 Of so obscure and intricat a nature that..our Assembly was to peart to make any determination about them.1850 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 2 276/2 ‘I beant peart at making button-holes’, said a needle woman.1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxi. 57 She's such a peart young un, she won't take no lookin' arter.1901 J. W. de Forest Downing Legends 48 I couldn't dodge the creetur's aim, Though peart at dodgin' as an otter.
B. adv.
= pertly adv. Now rare (U.S. regional in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [adverb] > with lively cheerfulness
cantly1352
pertc1410
cantily1720
chirpily1923
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adverb]
barelyc950
beforeOE
openlyOE
nakedly?c1225
in a person's bearda1250
opelyc1275
apertly1297
commonlya1325
opena1325
overtlyc1325
pertlya1375
plainc1380
in (also on) opena1382
in apertc1384
plainlyc1390
in open (also general) audiencea1393
aperta1400
in commonaltya1400
outa1400
without laina1400
in commonc1400
publishlyc1400
pertc1410
in publicc1429
on higha1450
in pert1453
to a person's facea1470
into heightc1480
forthward?1504
but hidel?1507
publicly1534
uncolouredly1561
roundly1563
famously1570
vulgarly1602
above board1603
round1604
displayedly1611
on (also upon) the square?1611
undisguisedly1611
broadly1624
discoveredly1659
unveiledly1661
under a person's nose1670
manifestly1711
before faces1762
publically1797
overboard1834
unashamedly1905
upfront1972
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [adverb] > pertly or brashly
pertly?1529
saucily1539
touchily1653
pert1795
puppyishly1817
tossily1851
brashly1865
pertlike1879
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adverb] > briskly or actively
quiverlyOE
smartc1300
smartlyc1300
spacklya1350
merrilyc1390
sprackly1393
livelyc1425
activelya1500
busilya1513
allegrement1608
alacriously1609
nippily1650
briskly1665
alertly1725
up and doing1817
pert1859
brash1884
stirringly1889
bobbishly1936
c1410 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Harl. 7334) (1885) 1114 Lok who þat is most vertuous alway, Priue and pert and..Tak him for þe grettest gentil man.
c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iv. 88 (MED) Some parled as perte..And clappid more for þe coyne þat þe kyng owen [read owed] hem Thanne for comfforte of the comyne.
a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 2295 Bedels & bailȝais he bad a-none crye Before hys peple so pert [c1450 Ashm. apert].
1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. c iijv Morover that no clarcke be so bolde, Prevy or pearte, with hym to holde.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 73 Thow..sayest pairt it is waine to build..coistlie churches.
1795 W. Cowper Pairing Time 28 A last year's bird, who ne'er had tried What pairing means, thus pert replied.
1846 J. Hall Wilderness & War Path 158 He ‘must look about pretty peart,’ he said, to get a venison before night.
1859 J. Redpath Roving Editor 248 Now hold up your head and walk pert.
1902 W. N. Harben Abner Daniel 230 Well, I'm glad I won't have to go furder'n Darley... By ridin' peert I can let you out before sundown.
1972 News & Observer (Raleigh, N. Carolina) 30 Dec. 4/3 We aren't journey proud, and few of us get the big head or act pert.
C. n.2
†1. Scottish. in pert: openly, in public; = in apert at apert adj. 6. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adverb]
barelyc950
beforeOE
openlyOE
nakedly?c1225
in a person's bearda1250
opelyc1275
apertly1297
commonlya1325
opena1325
overtlyc1325
pertlya1375
plainc1380
in (also on) opena1382
in apertc1384
plainlyc1390
in open (also general) audiencea1393
aperta1400
in commonaltya1400
outa1400
without laina1400
in commonc1400
publishlyc1400
pertc1410
in publicc1429
on higha1450
in pert1453
to a person's facea1470
into heightc1480
forthward?1504
but hidel?1507
publicly1534
uncolouredly1561
roundly1563
famously1570
vulgarly1602
above board1603
round1604
displayedly1611
on (also upon) the square?1611
undisguisedly1611
broadly1624
discoveredly1659
unveiledly1661
under a person's nose1670
manifestly1711
before faces1762
publically1797
overboard1834
unashamedly1905
upfront1972
1453 in W. Fraser Stirlings of Keir (1858) 226 I..sal neuermar..mak ony persute..in or to the said landis..in preve or in pert.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 60 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 96 Nocht ffor schame of my schape in pert till appeire.
c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1929) IV. ii. 10002 Men aucht to lufe him commonly Baith in peirt and priuaty.
2. A pert person (in various senses). Also with plural agreement and the: pert people as a class. Now rare (poetic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > [noun] > beautiful thing or person > beautiful person > beautiful woman
clearc1330
comelya1375
wlonk?a1400
brightc1400
gayc1400
sheenc1400
violet1412
berylc1440
blossomc1440
bonnya1529
pertc1540
bonylasse1546
Venus?1572
spark1575
bellibone1579
bonnibel1579
nymph1584
cheruba1616
lily1622
bellea1640
fine1639
toast1700
houri1745
belle dame1768
peri1813
beauty queen1835
stallion1970
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [noun] > impudent person
bolda1400
capron hardya1477
malaperta1529
jackanapes1534
past-shame1553
saucea1556
saucy-face1566
outfacer1579
impudent1586
Jack sauce?1590
brazen-face1602
impertinence1611
impertinent1612
insolency1613
insolenta1616
brass-face1647
flapsea1652
impudence1671
bold-face1692
ironface1697
Corinthian1699
scandal-proof1699
saucy-box1702
busker1728
insolence1740
effronterist1776
pert1785
nash-gab1816
card1853
pawk1855
sass-box1856
a one1880
cockapert1881
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 13725 Pirrus of þat pert was pristly enamurt.
a1625 J. Fletcher Wild-goose Chase (1652) iv. ii. 40 Thou Impudent, thou Pert; do not change countenance?
1726 J. Swift Gulliver vi This project..would..rouse the stupid, and damp the pert.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 145 No powdered pert, proficient in the art Of sounding an alarm, assaults these doors.
1806 H. Macneill Poet. Wks. 50 Observe the pert, the bold, the witty.
1855 W. Whitman Leaves of Grass 22 The pert may suppose it meaningless, but I listen closer.
1946 J. Masefield Poems 869 The rude, the pert, the thruster out of turn.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

pertv.

Brit. /pəːt/, U.S. /pərt/
Forms: 1600s peart, 1600s piert, 1600s–1700s 1900s– pert.
Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: pert adj., perk v.2
Etymology: Either < pert adj., or a variant of perk v.2With the forms peart , piert compare β. forms at pert adj., adv., and n.2
rare.
†1. transitive. To raise or prick up. Cf. perk v.2 2c. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > upright or erect posture > set upright or erect [verb (transitive)]
rightOE
uprighta1340
erect1557
perka1591
pert1613
1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle i. sig. B4 Didst thou euer see a prettier child? how it behaues it selfe..And speakes, and lookes, and pearts vp the head?
2.
†a. intransitive. To exalt oneself audaciously or presumptuously over someone or something. With upon or against. Cf. perk v.2 1b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > be or become impudent [verb (intransitive)]
to bear oneself stout1338
to have the (also a) neck (to)c1395
perk1529
pert1637
to brazen it out1712
to be (also get) smart1736
to push (also show) a face1765
to cheek it1851
whipper-snap1908
1637 J. Pocklington Altare Christianum 158 If..allowed to piert upon the Canons of the Church, and crow over her authority.
1661 J. Gauden Anti Baal-Berith: Binding of Covenant 292 Hagar..perted against Sarah, and lifted her self up against her superiours.
b. transitive (reflexive). †To exalt oneself unjustifiably or impudently (obsolete); to speak or behave insubordinately or impudently to (a person). Now regional.
ΚΠ
1653 E. Waterhouse Humble Apol. Learning 36 The Astrologers..bewitch men with their sorceries, perting themselves up, and priding over the sacred Order of the Ministry.
1684 T. Forrester Rectius Instruendum iii. 99 The true pastour is chased away..and an intruding hireling brought in as their vicar. Its this mans perted self (to use his own phrase here) that blurrs his eyes.]
1926 A. Percivall They'm tellin' Me 98 Hannah upped and perted Seth like a woman.
1949 Sun (Baltimore) 20 Sept. 1/5 A 65-year-old woman..admitted shooting her daughter... When asked why..[she] told officers: ‘She perted me last Tuesday’.
†3. intransitive. With up. To recover, rally, become lively. Cf. to perk up at perk v.2 4. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > upright or erect posture > set upright or erect [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body
cock1549
perka1591
erect1626
pert1688
set1708
1688 W. Baron Just Def. King Charles I Pref. sig. A2 'Tis altogether a Design of the Commonwealth Party, which of late have Perted up very much,..to asperse the Memory or our Royal Martyr.
1769 S. Gunning Cottage III. xxi. 43 I found Mr. Edward Abington in his library.., seemingly in poor spirits, I thought he perted up on seeing me, for..he declared I should not leave Newton hall that evening.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> as lemmas

PERT
PERT n. Business (originally U.S.) programme evaluation and review technique (originally, programme evaluation research task), a form of network analysis used esp. to deal with events of uncertain duration.
ΚΠ
1959 Amer. Statistician Apr. 10/1 This Program Evaluation and Review Technique (code-named PERT) is applied as a decision-making tool designed to save time in achieving end-objectives.
1969 J. Argenti Managem. Techniques 72 The technique known as PERT..is used when the duration of an activity is not accurately known.
1994 T. Byrne Local Govt. in Brit. (ed. 6) x. 279 This procedure can give rise to a number of ancillary techniques such as critical path analysis (CPA), programme evaluation and review (PERT) and resources allocation and multi-project scheduling (RAMPS).
extracted from Pn.
<
n.1?a1400adj.adv.n.2a1325v.1613
as lemmas
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