pin.¹

Brit.

/pʌɪ/, U.S.

/paɪ/

Forms: late Middle English 1600s– pi, 1600s pie.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pi.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pi, written alongside the Greek letter used as a symbol for e.g. a land measure or a musical note (5th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek πῖ , in ancient Greek πεῖ , the name of the Greek letter π, Π (see P n.).The mathematical symbol (see sense 2) was introduced by William Jones (1675–1749), Welsh mathematician (compare quot. 1706 at sense 2; probably as an abbreviation for periphery n. or its etymon ancient Greek περιϕέρεια circumference), and popularized by L. Euler (compare Eulerian adj.). Frequently represented by the Greek letter.

1. (The name of) the sixteenth letter (Π, π, ) of the Greek alphabet.In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as p.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek

alphac1175

muc1175

betaa1400

taua1400

chic1400

deltac1400

etac1400

kappac1400

gamma?a1425

lambda?a1425

nu?a1425

phi?a1425

pi?a1425

psi?a1425

rho?a1425

xi?a1425

zeta?a1425

upsilon1559

san1584

omega1599

theta1603

iota1607

sigma1607

omicron1631

digamma1699

epsilon1842

zeta1850

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) lf. 9^v And ȝif ȝee wil wite of here A, B, c what letres þei ben, here ȝee may seen hem, w^t the names þat þei clepen hem þere, amonges hem. A Alpha, B Betha.., p..pi, [etc.].

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 301/1 Membred Gules; a Stable (or the Greek Letter Pie) thrust through the middle of the Neck.

1767 J. Gill Diss. conc. Antiq. Hebrew-Lang. i. 59 Its characters, in which the Hebrew letter He, tho' Schindler would have it to be the Samaritan He, resembles the Greek letter Pi.

1882 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 3 57 The form of the letters makes it highly probable that the inscription dates from the end of the second century bc. The Pi has one leg shorter than the other, [etc.].

1903 Washington Post 27 Dec. e5/1 Hachiman's temple..has a large torii in front of it, huge gates of stone shaped like the Greek letter Pi.

1934 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 38 84 One of the signs resembles the Cypriote pa, the other is somewhat like the Cypriote ko, but exactly like the Greek letter Pi as found in fifth-century inscriptions, for example.

2000 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 17 Sept. c5 The classical and modern Greek rho looks exactly like our letter P... Meanwhile, the ancient Greeks' P-letter, pi, took a different shape.

2. Mathematics. A transcendental number which is equal to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter, having a decimal form beginning 3.14159265…, and commonly approximated to ²²/ ₇. Usually written π.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > infinitesimal > pi

pi1706

Ludolph's number1894

1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos 263 In the Circle, the Diameter is to Circumference as 1 to ¹⁶/ ₅−⁴/ ₂₃₉−¹/ ₃¹⁶/ _5³−⁴/ _239³+¹/ ₅¹⁶/ _5⁵−⁴/ _239⁵−, &c. = 3.14159, &c. = π. This Series..I receiv'd from the Excellent Analyst..Mr. John Machin; and by means thereof, Van Ceulen's Number..may be Examin'd.

1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 186/1 This number π must be the same for all circles.

1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 186/2 This measure of Archimedes gives 3·14286 for the approximate value of π, the ratio of the circumference to the diameter.

1936 Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. 8 170 Reorganization of a fluid cylinder into drops will occur when the length exceeds pi times the diameter.

1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xx. 439 It would require about 100,000 terms to compute π, even to the accuracy obtained by Archimedes.

1995 Independent 2 Oct. (Suppl.) 6/1 In November, he'll sit down in a hotel suite in Blackpool and attempt to break the British record for reciting pi.

3. Astronomy. Used in the name of the sixteenth star of a constellation. Usually written π.The use of Greek letters to designate the stars in a constellation was introduced by J. Bayer in his Uranometria (1603). There is an approximate correspondence between the ordinal positions of the stars in this series and their brightness.

ΚΠ

1765 Philos. Trans. 1764 (Royal Soc.) 54 392 Occultation of π Scorpii 3 magn. by [moon's] dark limb.

1796 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 170 π is marked 4m [in Flamsteed's list of magnitudes]; d 6.5m, χ and e 4.5m, c and 72 5m; therefore π should be larger than all the former; but it is less.

1899 R. H. Allen Star-names 50 Aquarius is not conspicuous, being marked chiefly by the stars γ, ζ, η, and π.

1987 P. Moore Astron. Encycl. 237/3 Lupus (the Wolf). [Brightest stars (table)] Then come Theta (3.56), Kappa (3.72), Pi (3.89) and Chi (3.95).

4. A four-terminal set of three circuit elements in which one element is in series between two in parallel (so diagrammatically resembling the letter Π in shape). Frequently attributive as pi-network, etc. Usually written π or Π.

ΚΠ

1924 K. S. Johnson Transmission Circuits Teleph. Communication xi. 124 If the structure shown in Fig. 1 is considered to be made up of Π sections.., each section may be regarded as terminating in a mid-shunt iterative impedance.

1930 C. Dannatt & J. W. Dalgleish Electr. Power Transmission v. 118 This network is frequently used as an equivalent circuit for a transmission line, and is referred to as a π-circuit.

1950 W. C. Johnson Transmission Lines & Networks xiv. 303 The filters most generally used are made up of T or π sections and L ‘half sections’ connected on an image basis to form a ladder network... A lattice can be designed to provide characteristics unobtainable with the T or π.

1961 Amateur Radio Handbk. (ed. 3) vi. 175/1 The pi-network coupler is often used for delivering power to an aerial feeder.

1972 R. H. Warring Ham Radio v. 68 The adoption of a pi-network tank circuit does not automatically ensure that no harmonics are radiated which may show up..on near-by television receivers, when a transmitter is being worked on the various amateur bands.

2001 L-Match Design - New Program in nl.radio.amateur (Usenet newsgroup) 3 Oct. At the lower radio frequencies inconveniently large values of capacitance are sometimes needed. (T and Pi networks are popular because they can be designed to avoid these two disadvantages.)

Compounds

Physics and Chemistry. [After P n. 5a] .

C1. attributive. Designating an electron, orbital, molecular state, etc., possessing one unit of angular momentum about an internuclear axis. Usually written π with reference to one electron or orbital and Π with reference to a molecule as a whole. Cf. sigma n. 3a.

ΚΠ

1929 R. S. Mulliken in Chem. Rev. 6 532 The molecule contains two 1sσ electrons (1sσ²)..and two 3sσ electrons, and (in NO and O₂) one or two 3ρπ electrons... The second (Greek) letter gives the value of a quantum number λ which does not exist for the atom, (σ, π, δ,…mean λ = 0, 1, 2,…).

1930 R. S. Mulliken in Physical Rev. 36 616 The use of the symbols Σ, Π, Δ, Φ, Γ, Η,..to indicate Λ = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,..is recommended.

1939 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Molecular Spectra I. v. 291 Examples of ²Σ − ²Π transitions are the ultraviolet OH bands.

1952 L. N. Ferguson Electron Struct. Org. Molecules ii. 19 The π electrons are bound less firmly and can be more easily polarized (that is, attracted to either end of the molecular orbital) than σ electrons, so the former are commonly referred to as mobile electrons, whereas the σ electrons are said to be localized.

1975 H. W. Kroto Molecular Rotation Spectra x. 224 The ²Π ground state of NO..has both orbital and spin angular momentum.

1995 School Sci. Rev. June 65/1 The total π-electron density in benzene..takes the form of two torus-shaped regions of high electron density above and below the sigma-bonded framework.

C2.

pi-bond n. Chemistry a bond formed by a pi-orbital.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical bonding > [noun] > covalent bonding > pi-bond

pi-bond1947

1947 Q. Rev. Chem. Soc. 1 157 A double bond is normally a σ-bond and a π-bond together.

2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 12195/2 The modeling and energy minimization of the Fab-C₆₀ complex suggests several pi-bond stacking interactions between the fullerene and the antibody.

pi-bonded adj.

ΚΠ

1966 New Scientist 29 Dec. 735/2 So-called pi-bonded systems containing alternating sequences of single and double bonds.

2000 Chem. Physics Lett. 319 113/1 Bulk and thin film π-bonded materials have attracted a lot of attention for their peculiar electronic properties.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pin.²

Brit.

/piː/,

/biː/, U.S.

/pi/,

/bi/

Inflections: Plural unchanged.

Forms: 1800s peih (irregular), 1900s– bi, 1900s– pi.

Origin: A borrowing from Chinese. Etymon: Chinese bì.

Etymology: < Chinese bì (Wade-Giles pi). Compare French pi (1864).

Archaeology.

A flat jade disc with a small hole in the middle, used in ancient China for symbolic or ritual purposes. Frequently attributive, as pi disk. Cf. yuan n.² 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > non-Christian symbols or images > [noun] > circle

discus1680

mandala1859

pi1871

chakra1891

1871 J. Legge Chinese Classics IV. 529/1 We have..an instance of the use of the peih and kwei in sacrificing.

1912 Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 10 v. 154 If the flesh (i.e. the jade substance) is double as wide as the perforation (hao), it is called pi; if the perforation is double as wide as the jade substance, it is the ring yüan.

1987 National Geographic Sept. 285 (caption) The pi was one of the six ritual jade pieces used in burial rites by the Chinese.

1988 Current Anthropol. 29 758/2 The cong and bi of the Liangzhu culture are distinguished both for their exquisiteness and their standardization.

2001 Sunday Times (Nexis) 17 June (Culture section) 40 A ritual pi disc, symbolic of heaven, was found in the royal Shang tombs dating to the first half of the second millennium BC.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

piadj.n.³

Brit.

/pʌɪ/, U.S.

/paɪ/

Forms: 1800s– pi, 1900s– pi', 1900s– pie.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: pious adj.

Etymology: Shortened < pious adj.Compare pie adj.

colloquial. Now somewhat archaic.

A. adj.

Pious, devout; sanctimonious.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [adjective]

GodfrightOE

goodOE

ghostlyOE

Godfrightya1225

seelya1225

devout?c1225

piteousc1300

spiritualc1384

graciousa1387

godlyc1390

pitifulc1449

inwardc1450

piousc1450

evangelica1475

servantly1503

obedientiala1513

Christian1526

well-believing1529

God-fearing1548

resigneda1555

heavenly minded1569

timorate1570

Godfull1593

pious1595

fearful1597

devoutful1598

devotea1625

serious1684

unctuous1742

theopathetic1749

fire-spirited1845

theopathic1846

unctional1849

interior1854

devotionate1864

sacramental1874

pi1891

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > sanctimoniousness > [adjective]

pope-holya1387

Pharisaical1527

as holy (also as sick, as strong) as a horse1530

hypocritish1531

hypocritic1540

hypocritely1541

hypocritical1553

horse-holy?1589

sanctified1604

Pharisee-like1611

sanctimoniousa1616

Pharisaica1618

lip-holy1624

Bible-bearing1625

canting1663

unctuous1742

pietistical1753

pietical1782

goody-goody1785

goody1808

Sunday school1817

Pecksniffian1844

goodyish1848

goody-good1851

devil-dodging?1861

pietic1865

mawwormish1883

pietistic1884

mawwormy1885

pi1891

pietose1893

holier-than-thou1912

antimacassar1913

holy1958

1891 R. G. K. Wrench Winchester Word-bk. Pi, virtuous, sanctimonious. He's very pi now, he mugs all day.

1916 E. F. Benson David Blaize v. 101 Cruikshank's awfully pi: fit to burst.

1932 C. S. Lewis in Ess. & Stud. 17 71 She is an admirable person. The only trouble is that she is rather pie.

1957 M. A. Jeeves St. Thomas Becket i. 13 Some of the more lugubrious sects' offsprings from the Reformation are also responsible for the eulogizing of ‘pie’ types of people.

1975 J. Hitchman Such Strange Lady ii. 27 ‘That were only sparrers... They aren't good for nothing.’ ‘God made them,’ retorted the clergyman's daughter, ‘so they must be good for something.’ All very pi' of course.

1990 L. Barber in Independent on Sunday 3 June (Review Suppl.) 6/4 His mother got fed up with people telling her she must be proud of her Ben, because, she said, she was equally proud of all her children—an unnecessarily pi remark in my view.

B. n.³

With the: piety. Also: a pious exhortation. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun]

devotion?c1225

life-holiness?c1225

love-awe?c1225

reverencec1300

Godfrightiheada1325

pity1340

devoutness1377

truthc1384

love-dreada1400

fearc1400

pietya1500

godliness1528

devoteness1606

heavenly-mindedness1612

obedientialness1651

piousness1659

devotionalness1673

unction1692

theopathy1749

devoteeism1828

pietism1829

bhakti1832

devotionality1850

devotionalism1859

pi1897

1897 Westm. Gaz. 1 Sept. 8/1 The man who regularly affects the ‘pi’ and who ‘plays up’, with ready catholicity of spirit, the ‘special missions’ of every religious denomination in turn.

1906 N.E.D. (at cited word) ‘What did your tutor say to you?’ ‘Oh, he gave me a pi; asked me how I could reconcile my behaviour with my duty to God and my parents.’

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> as lemmas

P.I.

P.I. n. U.S. slang pimp.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > pimping or procuring > procurer of either sex > pimp

putourc1390

panderc1450

mitchera1500

apple-squire?1536

squire of dames or ladies1590

apron-squire1593

bed-broker1594

pimp1600

pippin squire1600

petticoat-monger1605

smockster1608

underputter1608

broker-between1609

squire of the placket1611

squire1612

fleshmongera1616

cock bawd1632

whiskin1632

pimp-whiskin1638

bully1675

foot pimp1690

mutton-broker1694

pimp whisk1707

flash-man1789

panderer1826

bludger1856

whoremaster1864

mack1894

lover1904

jelly bean1905

procureur1910

P.I.1928

sweetback1929

sweet man1942

nookie-bookie1943

papasan1970

1928 C. McKay Home to Harlem xvi. 240 ‘What's he work at?’ asked Ray. ‘Nothing menial. He's a p-i.’

1931 G. Irwin Amer. Tramp & Underworld Slang 144 P.I., a pimp or pander, merely a euphemism by contraction.

1970 C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 90 P.I., pimp.

extracted from Pn.

PI n. (also p.i.) private investigator.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > procedures used in spying > [noun] > private detection > person engaged in

private detective1857

eye1874

Pinkerton1877

ferret1891

consultant1894

private investigator1894

Sherlock Holmes1896

operative1901

Sherlock1903

Sherlockian1903

Pink1904

peeper1908

private dick1912

op1924

shamus1925

private eye1938

PI1953

peep1974

1953 R. Chandler Long Good-bye ii. 7 A P.I. picking up a client.

1973 Publishers Weekly 13 Aug. 48/3 This is the third p.i. mystery featuring Shock and his partner.

1994 Film Focus Dec. 54/1 The..movie is far more up-beat than Cosy and Culp's last pairing as down in the mouth PI's, Hickey & Boggs.

extracted from Pn.

PI n. = principal investigator n. at principal adj., n., and adv. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1966 Amer. Documentation Apr. 91/1 (figure) Principal Investigator (PI).

1976 D. F. Hornig et al. Institutional Arrangem. Space Telescope Preface p. iii By and large this has involved the designation of a principal investigator ( pi) who is responsible for the scientific conduct of the mission.

2015 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 3 Dec. 30/4 Remarkably, though PIs, to conduct studies, must regularly undergo testing about research ethics, no such requirements exist for IRB chairs, members, or staff.

extracted from Pn.

n.¹?a1425

n.²1871

adj.n.³1891

as lemmas

单词	pi
释义	pin.¹ Brit. /pʌɪ/, U.S. /paɪ/ Forms: late Middle English 1600s– pi, 1600s pie. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pi. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pi, written alongside the Greek letter used as a symbol for e.g. a land measure or a musical note (5th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek πῖ , in ancient Greek πεῖ , the name of the Greek letter π, Π (see P n.).The mathematical symbol (see sense 2) was introduced by William Jones (1675–1749), Welsh mathematician (compare quot. 1706 at sense 2; probably as an abbreviation for periphery n. or its etymon ancient Greek περιϕέρεια circumference), and popularized by L. Euler (compare Eulerian adj.). Frequently represented by the Greek letter. 1. (The name of) the sixteenth letter (Π, π, ) of the Greek alphabet.In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as p. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek alphac1175 muc1175 betaa1400 taua1400 chic1400 deltac1400 etac1400 kappac1400 gamma?a1425 lambda?a1425 nu?a1425 phi?a1425 pi?a1425 psi?a1425 rho?a1425 xi?a1425 zeta?a1425 upsilon1559 san1584 omega1599 theta1603 iota1607 sigma1607 omicron1631 digamma1699 epsilon1842 zeta1850 ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) lf. 9^v And ȝif ȝee wil wite of here A, B, c what letres þei ben, here ȝee may seen hem, w^t the names þat þei clepen hem þere, amonges hem. A Alpha, B Betha.., p..pi, [etc.]. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 301/1 Membred Gules; a Stable (or the Greek Letter Pie) thrust through the middle of the Neck. 1767 J. Gill Diss. conc. Antiq. Hebrew-Lang. i. 59 Its characters, in which the Hebrew letter He, tho' Schindler would have it to be the Samaritan He, resembles the Greek letter Pi. 1882 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 3 57 The form of the letters makes it highly probable that the inscription dates from the end of the second century bc. The Pi has one leg shorter than the other, [etc.]. 1903 Washington Post 27 Dec. e5/1 Hachiman's temple..has a large torii in front of it, huge gates of stone shaped like the Greek letter Pi. 1934 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 38 84 One of the signs resembles the Cypriote pa, the other is somewhat like the Cypriote ko, but exactly like the Greek letter Pi as found in fifth-century inscriptions, for example. 2000 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 17 Sept. c5 The classical and modern Greek rho looks exactly like our letter P... Meanwhile, the ancient Greeks' P-letter, pi, took a different shape. 2. Mathematics. A transcendental number which is equal to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter, having a decimal form beginning 3.14159265…, and commonly approximated to ²²/ ₇. Usually written π. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > infinitesimal > pi pi1706 Ludolph's number1894 1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos 263 In the Circle, the Diameter is to Circumference as 1 to ¹⁶/ ₅−⁴/ ₂₃₉−¹/ ₃¹⁶/ _5³−⁴/ _239³+¹/ ₅¹⁶/ _5⁵−⁴/ _239⁵−, &c. = 3.14159, &c. = π. This Series..I receiv'd from the Excellent Analyst..Mr. John Machin; and by means thereof, Van Ceulen's Number..may be Examin'd. 1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 186/1 This number π must be the same for all circles. 1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 186/2 This measure of Archimedes gives 3·14286 for the approximate value of π, the ratio of the circumference to the diameter. 1936 Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. 8 170 Reorganization of a fluid cylinder into drops will occur when the length exceeds pi times the diameter. 1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xx. 439 It would require about 100,000 terms to compute π, even to the accuracy obtained by Archimedes. 1995 Independent 2 Oct. (Suppl.) 6/1 In November, he'll sit down in a hotel suite in Blackpool and attempt to break the British record for reciting pi. 3. Astronomy. Used in the name of the sixteenth star of a constellation. Usually written π.The use of Greek letters to designate the stars in a constellation was introduced by J. Bayer in his Uranometria (1603). There is an approximate correspondence between the ordinal positions of the stars in this series and their brightness. ΚΠ 1765 Philos. Trans. 1764 (Royal Soc.) 54 392 Occultation of π Scorpii 3 magn. by [moon's] dark limb. 1796 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 170 π is marked 4m [in Flamsteed's list of magnitudes]; d 6.5m, χ and e 4.5m, c and 72 5m; therefore π should be larger than all the former; but it is less. 1899 R. H. Allen Star-names 50 Aquarius is not conspicuous, being marked chiefly by the stars γ, ζ, η, and π. 1987 P. Moore Astron. Encycl. 237/3 Lupus (the Wolf). [Brightest stars (table)] Then come Theta (3.56), Kappa (3.72), Pi (3.89) and Chi (3.95). 4. A four-terminal set of three circuit elements in which one element is in series between two in parallel (so diagrammatically resembling the letter Π in shape). Frequently attributive as pi-network, etc. Usually written π or Π. ΚΠ 1924 K. S. Johnson Transmission Circuits Teleph. Communication xi. 124 If the structure shown in Fig. 1 is considered to be made up of Π sections.., each section may be regarded as terminating in a mid-shunt iterative impedance. 1930 C. Dannatt & J. W. Dalgleish Electr. Power Transmission v. 118 This network is frequently used as an equivalent circuit for a transmission line, and is referred to as a π-circuit. 1950 W. C. Johnson Transmission Lines & Networks xiv. 303 The filters most generally used are made up of T or π sections and L ‘half sections’ connected on an image basis to form a ladder network... A lattice can be designed to provide characteristics unobtainable with the T or π. 1961 Amateur Radio Handbk. (ed. 3) vi. 175/1 The pi-network coupler is often used for delivering power to an aerial feeder. 1972 R. H. Warring Ham Radio v. 68 The adoption of a pi-network tank circuit does not automatically ensure that no harmonics are radiated which may show up..on near-by television receivers, when a transmitter is being worked on the various amateur bands. 2001 L-Match Design - New Program in nl.radio.amateur (Usenet newsgroup) 3 Oct. At the lower radio frequencies inconveniently large values of capacitance are sometimes needed. (T and Pi networks are popular because they can be designed to avoid these two disadvantages.) Compounds Physics and Chemistry. [After P n. 5a] . C1. attributive. Designating an electron, orbital, molecular state, etc., possessing one unit of angular momentum about an internuclear axis. Usually written π with reference to one electron or orbital and Π with reference to a molecule as a whole. Cf. sigma n. 3a. ΚΠ 1929 R. S. Mulliken in Chem. Rev. 6 532 The molecule contains two 1sσ electrons (1sσ²)..and two 3sσ electrons, and (in NO and O₂) one or two 3ρπ electrons... The second (Greek) letter gives the value of a quantum number λ which does not exist for the atom, (σ, π, δ,…mean λ = 0, 1, 2,…). 1930 R. S. Mulliken in Physical Rev. 36 616 The use of the symbols Σ, Π, Δ, Φ, Γ, Η,..to indicate Λ = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,..is recommended. 1939 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Molecular Spectra I. v. 291 Examples of ²Σ − ²Π transitions are the ultraviolet OH bands. 1952 L. N. Ferguson Electron Struct. Org. Molecules ii. 19 The π electrons are bound less firmly and can be more easily polarized (that is, attracted to either end of the molecular orbital) than σ electrons, so the former are commonly referred to as mobile electrons, whereas the σ electrons are said to be localized. 1975 H. W. Kroto Molecular Rotation Spectra x. 224 The ²Π ground state of NO..has both orbital and spin angular momentum. 1995 School Sci. Rev. June 65/1 The total π-electron density in benzene..takes the form of two torus-shaped regions of high electron density above and below the sigma-bonded framework. C2. pi-bond n. Chemistry a bond formed by a pi-orbital. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical bonding > [noun] > covalent bonding > pi-bond pi-bond1947 1947 Q. Rev. Chem. Soc. 1 157 A double bond is normally a σ-bond and a π-bond together. 2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 12195/2 The modeling and energy minimization of the Fab-C₆₀ complex suggests several pi-bond stacking interactions between the fullerene and the antibody. pi-bonded adj. ΚΠ 1966 New Scientist 29 Dec. 735/2 So-called pi-bonded systems containing alternating sequences of single and double bonds. 2000 Chem. Physics Lett. 319 113/1 Bulk and thin film π-bonded materials have attracted a lot of attention for their peculiar electronic properties. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pin.² Brit. /piː/, /biː/, U.S. /pi/, /bi/ Inflections: Plural unchanged. Forms: 1800s peih (irregular), 1900s– bi, 1900s– pi. Origin: A borrowing from Chinese. Etymon: Chinese bì. Etymology: < Chinese bì (Wade-Giles pi). Compare French pi (1864). Archaeology. A flat jade disc with a small hole in the middle, used in ancient China for symbolic or ritual purposes. Frequently attributive, as pi disk. Cf. yuan n.² 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > non-Christian symbols or images > [noun] > circle discus1680 mandala1859 pi1871 chakra1891 1871 J. Legge Chinese Classics IV. 529/1 We have..an instance of the use of the peih and kwei in sacrificing. 1912 Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 10 v. 154 If the flesh (i.e. the jade substance) is double as wide as the perforation (hao), it is called pi; if the perforation is double as wide as the jade substance, it is the ring yüan. 1987 National Geographic Sept. 285 (caption) The pi was one of the six ritual jade pieces used in burial rites by the Chinese. 1988 Current Anthropol. 29 758/2 The cong and bi of the Liangzhu culture are distinguished both for their exquisiteness and their standardization. 2001 Sunday Times (Nexis) 17 June (Culture section) 40 A ritual pi disc, symbolic of heaven, was found in the royal Shang tombs dating to the first half of the second millennium BC. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). piadj.n.³ Brit. /pʌɪ/, U.S. /paɪ/ Forms: 1800s– pi, 1900s– pi', 1900s– pie. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: pious adj. Etymology: Shortened < pious adj.Compare pie adj. colloquial. Now somewhat archaic. A. adj. Pious, devout; sanctimonious. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [adjective] GodfrightOE goodOE ghostlyOE Godfrightya1225 seelya1225 devout?c1225 piteousc1300 spiritualc1384 graciousa1387 godlyc1390 pitifulc1449 inwardc1450 piousc1450 evangelica1475 servantly1503 obedientiala1513 Christian1526 well-believing1529 God-fearing1548 resigneda1555 heavenly minded1569 timorate1570 Godfull1593 pious1595 fearful1597 devoutful1598 devotea1625 serious1684 unctuous1742 theopathetic1749 fire-spirited1845 theopathic1846 unctional1849 interior1854 devotionate1864 sacramental1874 pi1891 society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > sanctimoniousness > [adjective] pope-holya1387 Pharisaical1527 as holy (also as sick, as strong) as a horse1530 hypocritish1531 hypocritic1540 hypocritely1541 hypocritical1553 horse-holy?1589 sanctified1604 Pharisee-like1611 sanctimoniousa1616 Pharisaica1618 lip-holy1624 Bible-bearing1625 canting1663 unctuous1742 pietistical1753 pietical1782 goody-goody1785 goody1808 Sunday school1817 Pecksniffian1844 goodyish1848 goody-good1851 devil-dodging?1861 pietic1865 mawwormish1883 pietistic1884 mawwormy1885 pi1891 pietose1893 holier-than-thou1912 antimacassar1913 holy1958 1891 R. G. K. Wrench Winchester Word-bk. Pi, virtuous, sanctimonious. He's very pi now, he mugs all day. 1916 E. F. Benson David Blaize v. 101 Cruikshank's awfully pi: fit to burst. 1932 C. S. Lewis in Ess. & Stud. 17 71 She is an admirable person. The only trouble is that she is rather pie. 1957 M. A. Jeeves St. Thomas Becket i. 13 Some of the more lugubrious sects' offsprings from the Reformation are also responsible for the eulogizing of ‘pie’ types of people. 1975 J. Hitchman Such Strange Lady ii. 27 ‘That were only sparrers... They aren't good for nothing.’ ‘God made them,’ retorted the clergyman's daughter, ‘so they must be good for something.’ All very pi' of course. 1990 L. Barber in Independent on Sunday 3 June (Review Suppl.) 6/4 His mother got fed up with people telling her she must be proud of her Ben, because, she said, she was equally proud of all her children—an unnecessarily pi remark in my view. B. n.³ With the: piety. Also: a pious exhortation. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun] devotion?c1225 life-holiness?c1225 love-awe?c1225 reverencec1300 Godfrightiheada1325 pity1340 devoutness1377 truthc1384 love-dreada1400 fearc1400 pietya1500 godliness1528 devoteness1606 heavenly-mindedness1612 obedientialness1651 piousness1659 devotionalness1673 unction1692 theopathy1749 devoteeism1828 pietism1829 bhakti1832 devotionality1850 devotionalism1859 pi1897 1897 Westm. Gaz. 1 Sept. 8/1 The man who regularly affects the ‘pi’ and who ‘plays up’, with ready catholicity of spirit, the ‘special missions’ of every religious denomination in turn. 1906 N.E.D. (at cited word) ‘What did your tutor say to you?’ ‘Oh, he gave me a pi; asked me how I could reconcile my behaviour with my duty to God and my parents.’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > as lemmas P.I. P.I. n. U.S. slang pimp. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > pimping or procuring > procurer of either sex > pimp putourc1390 panderc1450 mitchera1500 apple-squire?1536 squire of dames or ladies1590 apron-squire1593 bed-broker1594 pimp1600 pippin squire1600 petticoat-monger1605 smockster1608 underputter1608 broker-between1609 squire of the placket1611 squire1612 fleshmongera1616 cock bawd1632 whiskin1632 pimp-whiskin1638 bully1675 foot pimp1690 mutton-broker1694 pimp whisk1707 flash-man1789 panderer1826 bludger1856 whoremaster1864 mack1894 lover1904 jelly bean1905 procureur1910 P.I.1928 sweetback1929 sweet man1942 nookie-bookie1943 papasan1970 1928 C. McKay Home to Harlem xvi. 240 ‘What's he work at?’ asked Ray. ‘Nothing menial. He's a p-i.’ 1931 G. Irwin Amer. Tramp & Underworld Slang 144 P.I., a pimp or pander, merely a euphemism by contraction. 1970 C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 90 P.I., pimp. extracted from Pn. PI PI n. (also p.i.) private investigator. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > procedures used in spying > [noun] > private detection > person engaged in private detective1857 eye1874 Pinkerton1877 ferret1891 consultant1894 private investigator1894 Sherlock Holmes1896 operative1901 Sherlock1903 Sherlockian1903 Pink1904 peeper1908 private dick1912 op1924 shamus1925 private eye1938 PI1953 peep1974 1953 R. Chandler Long Good-bye ii. 7 A P.I. picking up a client. 1973 Publishers Weekly 13 Aug. 48/3 This is the third p.i. mystery featuring Shock and his partner. 1994 Film Focus Dec. 54/1 The..movie is far more up-beat than Cosy and Culp's last pairing as down in the mouth PI's, Hickey & Boggs. extracted from Pn. PI PI n. = principal investigator n. at principal adj., n., and adv. Compounds. ΚΠ 1966 Amer. Documentation Apr. 91/1 (figure) Principal Investigator (PI). 1976 D. F. Hornig et al. Institutional Arrangem. Space Telescope Preface p. iii By and large this has involved the designation of a principal investigator ( pi) who is responsible for the scientific conduct of the mission. 2015 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 3 Dec. 30/4 Remarkably, though PIs, to conduct studies, must regularly undergo testing about research ethics, no such requirements exist for IRB chairs, members, or staff. extracted from Pn. < n.¹?a1425n.²1871adj.n.³1891 as lemmas
随便看	under-ruler under-ruling under-runner under-running under-sailed under-saker under-salley under-satisfaction under-sawyer under-school under-scribe under-sea under-seated under-secretary under-secretaryship under-sect under-seedman under-self under-sense under-sequence under-servant under-service under-sewer under-sexton under-shepherd

pin.1

Compounds

pin.2

piadj.n.3

> as lemmas

pin.¹

pin.²

piadj.n.³