plenituden.

Brit.

/ˈplɛnᵻtjuːd/,

/ˈplɛnᵻtʃuːd/, U.S.

/ˈplɛnəˌt(j)ud/

Forms: late Middle English (1500s Scottish) plenytude, late Middle English– plenitude.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French plenitude; Latin plēnitūdō.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French plenitude (French plénitude ) fullness (late 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), completion of a timespan, spec. by the coming of the Messiah (c1300 in Old French in the phrase plenitude del tans , subsequently from 1670 as plénitude des temps ), completeness (c1349 or earlier), abundance (early 15th cent. or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin plēnitūdō abundance, fullness, fullness of shape, thickness, full amount, the whole, in post-classical Latin also completeness, perfection (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), prosperity (Vulgate) < plēni- pleni- comb. form + -tūdō -tude suffix. In sense 2 after post-classical Latin plenitudo (4th cent. in medical contexts); compare Middle French, French plénitude repletion (1561 or earlier; now usually plénitude de l'estomac ), abundance of humours (1680; now obsolete). In senses 3 and 4a apparently after the corresponding senses of the Latin word; these senses appear to have no parallels in French. In sense 4b after scientific Latin plenitudo (1751 in Linnaeus Philosophia Botanica in this sense). Compare Catalan plenitud (1418), Spanish plenitud (1423 or earlier in sense ‘fullness of voice’), Italian plenitudine (a1311). Compare earlier plenteousness n., plenteouste n., plentiness n., plenty n.In plenitude of time (compare quot. ?a1475 at sense 1a) after post-classical Latin plenitudo temporis (Vulgate), itself after Hellenistic Greek (New Testament) πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου (Galatians 4:4).

a. Fullness, completeness, or perfection; the condition of being absolutely full in quantity, measure, or degree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [noun] > fullness or completeness

fullnessOE

fullhead1340

plenty1340

plenitudec1425

plentitude1609

plenalty1660

plenarty1660

fulth1881

c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 26 (MED) She..studied to fulfill the plenytude of the lawe.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 257 The seyenge of thapostle, ‘When the plenitude [a1387 J. Trevisa transl. plente; L. plenitudo] of tyme schalle comme.’

a1500 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 74 (MED) Tota pulcra and principall of plente, that is plenitude, Castell of clennes I hyr call.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 134 The Pope..loosing them..by the plenitude of his Apostolike power..from al duetie of allegiaunce toward their Prince.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. i. 2 From [God]..al things at first flow, as from the Plenitude of Being.

1759 tr. C. H. von Bogatzky Edifying Thoughts on Lord's Prayer 122 In the kingdom of grace we shall enjoy..plenitude of contentment.

1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith vi. 347 God in the full plenitude of majesty has spoken to man.

1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets xii. 405 That death in the plenitude of vigour is desirable.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 388 He had enjoined his heart to..foster within his breast that plenitude of sufferance which base minds jeer at.

1992 Matrix Fall 48/1 Retaining in its momentum and inevitability a trace of some original plenitude that constantly recedes, eluding the critic and the imitator.

b. Comparative fullness; abundance, amplitude, or plentifulness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [noun]

speedOE

fulsomenesslOE

wonea1300

fulsomeheada1325

cheapc1325

largitya1382

plenteousnessa1382

plenteoustea1382

plentya1382

abundancec1384

affluencec1390

largenessc1400

uberty?a1412

aboundingc1425

fullness1440

copiousness1447

rifenessc1450

copy1484

abundancy?1526

copiosity1543

plentifulness1555

ampleness1566

umberty?1578

acquire1592

amplitude1605

plentitude1609

plenitude1614

fertility1615

profluence1623

fluency1624

flushness1662

rowtha1689

sonsea1689

affluentness1727

raff1801

richness1814

1614 J. Taylor Nipping of Abuses sig. B2^v I haue..found such obseruations as are fit, With plenitude to fraught a barren wit.

1653 H. More Second Lash of Alazonomastix i. 206 That there may be the greater plenitude of life in the whole man.

1794 H. L. Piozzi Brit. Synonymy II. 299 Plenitude of incident without confusion, and of adventure without gross improbability.

1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet i Peter Peebles, in his usual plenitude of wig and celsitude of hat.

1893 C. Hodges in Reliquary Jan. 3 The plenitude of stone in the northern counties generally..led to a more frequent use of stone..than in the rest of the country.

1935 H. Carr Los Angeles 245 There are Russian restaurants in plenitude there and elsewhere in the city.

1995 Holiday Which? Mar. 106/1 Croft Farm boasts a plenitude of animals and birds.

c. Heraldry. Fullness (of the moon).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of heavenly bodies or phenomena > [noun] > the moon in its various forms

crescent1486

increscent1572

complement1610

decrement1610

increment1610

decrescent1616

plenitude1863

1863 C. Boutell Man. Heraldry xii. 71 The Moon is in her Complement, or in Plenitude, when at the full.

1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) vi. 96 When full-faced and shining, it [sc. the moon] is described as In her Complement or Plenitude.

1969 J. Franklyn & J. Tanner Encycl. Dict. Heraldry 232/2 [The moon] represents the nocturnal luminary and is blazoned ‘in her plenitude’.

†2. Medicine. Abundance or (usually) excess of blood or of humours; fullness or congestion (of blood vessels); an instance of this. Cf. plethora n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > excess of blood

plethory?a1425

plenitude1533

plethora?1541

plethorinessc1700

plerosis1811

polyaemia1846

pantoplethora1857

polyhaemia1876

1533 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe iii. vii Wherefore the lettynge of bloude is..expedient..also for them, in whom, without plenitude, callyd fulness, inflammations begyn to be in their bodies.

1661 T. Whitaker Elenchus of Opinions Cure of Small Pox 34 Although plenitude of humours be an indication for evacuation, yet it doth not solely indicate phlebotomy.

1671 H. Stubbe Lord Bacons Relation to Sweating-sickness Examined 206 Their first intention is to lessen that plenitude of Blood, and other Humors, which they find in the Patient.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Plenitude, in Physick, when a Man has too much blood, or abounds with ill humours.

1730 T. Morgan Philos. Princ. Med. (ed. 2) 80 There must ensue a greater fullness or plenitude of the Blood-Vessels.

1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 321 Pain or disorder in his head, with symptoms of plenitude.

1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 67 That in the act of vomiting, the state of the brain is rather that of depletion than plenitude.

1824 Lancet 9 Oct. 8/1 By promoting the secretions, you lessen the plenitude of the blood-vessels.

†3. The condition of being fully supplied with everything; affluence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > wealth > [noun]

plentyc1300

richness?a1400

wealthfulnessc1450

wealthinessa1513

substantiousness1596

plenitya1622

plenitude1631

rowthinessa1838

flushness1868

divitism1890

oofiness1935

1631 S. Jerome Arraignem. Whole Creature xiii. §4. 220 He accounted his best plenitude and plenty without God..extreame penurie.

1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells vi. 393 A Barbarian,..Vnexpert of your Greekish plenitude.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. viii. 310 Perverse repining of ungrateful plenitude!

†4.

a. Physical or bodily fullness; the condition of being filled or occupied. Also: = plenum n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > space > [noun] > plenitude

plenum1674

plenitudea1679

the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > [noun] > filling > a space completely filled

plenum1674

plenitudea1679

the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > [noun] > fullness

fullnessa1398

repletiona1398

fullinessa1400

impletion1583

repleteness1603

plenitya1622

expletion1623

plenuma1784

stowage1825

plenitude1857

a1679 T. Hobbes Seven Philos. Probl. (1682) iii. 15 How does the difficulty of separation argue the Plenitude of all the rest of the world?

1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 143 A prevailing opinion,..that where no sensible matter is found, there was yet a subtle fluid substance by which the space was filled up; even so as to make an absolute plenitude.

1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 84 My breasts,..now in no more than grateful plenitude, maintain'd a firmness and steady independence on any stay or support.

1857 W. R. Bullock tr. P. Cazeaux Theoret. & Pract. Treat. Midwifery (ed. 2) 67 The ovaries vary in size..from the plenitude or vacuity of the uterus.

b. Botany. The condition of being flore pleno or double-flowered. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal > doubleness or doubling

plenitude1760

impletion1788

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. xx. 54 The Plenitude, Fullness, is occasioned by the Stamina running into Petals.

1766 Compl. Farmer at Larkspur In order to continue their plenitude, all plants with single flowers should be destroyed so soon as they appear.

1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. H8^v Polypetalous flowers are generally the object of plenitude.

†5. Fullness of dress. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville III. 260 Pantaloons of the most liberal plenitude.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	plenitude
释义	plenituden. Brit. /ˈplɛnᵻtjuːd/, /ˈplɛnᵻtʃuːd/, U.S. /ˈplɛnəˌt(j)ud/ Forms: late Middle English (1500s Scottish) plenytude, late Middle English– plenitude. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French plenitude; Latin plēnitūdō. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French plenitude (French plénitude ) fullness (late 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), completion of a timespan, spec. by the coming of the Messiah (c1300 in Old French in the phrase plenitude del tans , subsequently from 1670 as plénitude des temps ), completeness (c1349 or earlier), abundance (early 15th cent. or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin plēnitūdō abundance, fullness, fullness of shape, thickness, full amount, the whole, in post-classical Latin also completeness, perfection (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), prosperity (Vulgate) < plēni- pleni- comb. form + -tūdō -tude suffix. In sense 2 after post-classical Latin plenitudo (4th cent. in medical contexts); compare Middle French, French plénitude repletion (1561 or earlier; now usually plénitude de l'estomac ), abundance of humours (1680; now obsolete). In senses 3 and 4a apparently after the corresponding senses of the Latin word; these senses appear to have no parallels in French. In sense 4b after scientific Latin plenitudo (1751 in Linnaeus Philosophia Botanica in this sense). Compare Catalan plenitud (1418), Spanish plenitud (1423 or earlier in sense ‘fullness of voice’), Italian plenitudine (a1311). Compare earlier plenteousness n., plenteouste n., plentiness n., plenty n.In plenitude of time (compare quot. ?a1475 at sense 1a) after post-classical Latin plenitudo temporis (Vulgate), itself after Hellenistic Greek (New Testament) πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου (Galatians 4:4). 1. a. Fullness, completeness, or perfection; the condition of being absolutely full in quantity, measure, or degree. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [noun] > fullness or completeness fullnessOE fullhead1340 plenty1340 plenitudec1425 plentitude1609 plenalty1660 plenarty1660 fulth1881 c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 26 (MED) She..studied to fulfill the plenytude of the lawe. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 257 The seyenge of thapostle, ‘When the plenitude [a1387 J. Trevisa transl. plente; L. plenitudo] of tyme schalle comme.’ a1500 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 74 (MED) Tota pulcra and principall of plente, that is plenitude, Castell of clennes I hyr call. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 134 The Pope..loosing them..by the plenitude of his Apostolike power..from al duetie of allegiaunce toward their Prince. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. i. 2 From [God]..al things at first flow, as from the Plenitude of Being. 1759 tr. C. H. von Bogatzky Edifying Thoughts on Lord's Prayer 122 In the kingdom of grace we shall enjoy..plenitude of contentment. 1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith vi. 347 God in the full plenitude of majesty has spoken to man. 1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets xii. 405 That death in the plenitude of vigour is desirable. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 388 He had enjoined his heart to..foster within his breast that plenitude of sufferance which base minds jeer at. 1992 Matrix Fall 48/1 Retaining in its momentum and inevitability a trace of some original plenitude that constantly recedes, eluding the critic and the imitator. b. Comparative fullness; abundance, amplitude, or plentifulness. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [noun] speedOE fulsomenesslOE wonea1300 fulsomeheada1325 cheapc1325 largitya1382 plenteousnessa1382 plenteoustea1382 plentya1382 abundancec1384 affluencec1390 largenessc1400 uberty?a1412 aboundingc1425 fullness1440 copiousness1447 rifenessc1450 copy1484 abundancy?1526 copiosity1543 plentifulness1555 ampleness1566 umberty?1578 acquire1592 amplitude1605 plentitude1609 plenitude1614 fertility1615 profluence1623 fluency1624 flushness1662 rowtha1689 sonsea1689 affluentness1727 raff1801 richness1814 1614 J. Taylor Nipping of Abuses sig. B2^v I haue..found such obseruations as are fit, With plenitude to fraught a barren wit. 1653 H. More Second Lash of Alazonomastix i. 206 That there may be the greater plenitude of life in the whole man. 1794 H. L. Piozzi Brit. Synonymy II. 299 Plenitude of incident without confusion, and of adventure without gross improbability. 1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet i Peter Peebles, in his usual plenitude of wig and celsitude of hat. 1893 C. Hodges in Reliquary Jan. 3 The plenitude of stone in the northern counties generally..led to a more frequent use of stone..than in the rest of the country. 1935 H. Carr Los Angeles 245 There are Russian restaurants in plenitude there and elsewhere in the city. 1995 Holiday Which? Mar. 106/1 Croft Farm boasts a plenitude of animals and birds. c. Heraldry. Fullness (of the moon). ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of heavenly bodies or phenomena > [noun] > the moon in its various forms crescent1486 increscent1572 complement1610 decrement1610 increment1610 decrescent1616 plenitude1863 1863 C. Boutell Man. Heraldry xii. 71 The Moon is in her Complement, or in Plenitude, when at the full. 1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) vi. 96 When full-faced and shining, it [sc. the moon] is described as In her Complement or Plenitude. 1969 J. Franklyn & J. Tanner Encycl. Dict. Heraldry 232/2 [The moon] represents the nocturnal luminary and is blazoned ‘in her plenitude’. †2. Medicine. Abundance or (usually) excess of blood or of humours; fullness or congestion (of blood vessels); an instance of this. Cf. plethora n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > excess of blood plethory?a1425 plenitude1533 plethora?1541 plethorinessc1700 plerosis1811 polyaemia1846 pantoplethora1857 polyhaemia1876 1533 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe iii. vii Wherefore the lettynge of bloude is..expedient..also for them, in whom, without plenitude, callyd fulness, inflammations begyn to be in their bodies. 1661 T. Whitaker Elenchus of Opinions Cure of Small Pox 34 Although plenitude of humours be an indication for evacuation, yet it doth not solely indicate phlebotomy. 1671 H. Stubbe Lord Bacons Relation to Sweating-sickness Examined 206 Their first intention is to lessen that plenitude of Blood, and other Humors, which they find in the Patient. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Plenitude, in Physick, when a Man has too much blood, or abounds with ill humours. 1730 T. Morgan Philos. Princ. Med. (ed. 2) 80 There must ensue a greater fullness or plenitude of the Blood-Vessels. 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 321 Pain or disorder in his head, with symptoms of plenitude. 1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 67 That in the act of vomiting, the state of the brain is rather that of depletion than plenitude. 1824 Lancet 9 Oct. 8/1 By promoting the secretions, you lessen the plenitude of the blood-vessels. †3. The condition of being fully supplied with everything; affluence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > [noun] plentyc1300 richness?a1400 wealthfulnessc1450 wealthinessa1513 substantiousness1596 plenitya1622 plenitude1631 rowthinessa1838 flushness1868 divitism1890 oofiness1935 1631 S. Jerome Arraignem. Whole Creature xiii. §4. 220 He accounted his best plenitude and plenty without God..extreame penurie. 1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells vi. 393 A Barbarian,..Vnexpert of your Greekish plenitude. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. viii. 310 Perverse repining of ungrateful plenitude! †4. a. Physical or bodily fullness; the condition of being filled or occupied. Also: = plenum n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > space > [noun] > plenitude plenum1674 plenitudea1679 the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > [noun] > filling > a space completely filled plenum1674 plenitudea1679 the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > [noun] > fullness fullnessa1398 repletiona1398 fullinessa1400 impletion1583 repleteness1603 plenitya1622 expletion1623 plenuma1784 stowage1825 plenitude1857 a1679 T. Hobbes Seven Philos. Probl. (1682) iii. 15 How does the difficulty of separation argue the Plenitude of all the rest of the world? 1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 143 A prevailing opinion,..that where no sensible matter is found, there was yet a subtle fluid substance by which the space was filled up; even so as to make an absolute plenitude. 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 84 My breasts,..now in no more than grateful plenitude, maintain'd a firmness and steady independence on any stay or support. 1857 W. R. Bullock tr. P. Cazeaux Theoret. & Pract. Treat. Midwifery (ed. 2) 67 The ovaries vary in size..from the plenitude or vacuity of the uterus. b. Botany. The condition of being flore pleno or double-flowered. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal > doubleness or doubling plenitude1760 impletion1788 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. xx. 54 The Plenitude, Fullness, is occasioned by the Stamina running into Petals. 1766 Compl. Farmer at Larkspur In order to continue their plenitude, all plants with single flowers should be destroyed so soon as they appear. 1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. H8^v Polypetalous flowers are generally the object of plenitude. †5. Fullness of dress. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville III. 260 Pantaloons of the most liberal plenitude. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1425
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