plani-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly; see e.g. planiform adj.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin plāni-, plānus.

Etymology: < classical Latin plāni-, combining form of plānus plain adj.² Compare plano- comb. form¹.Earliest in Middle English in words borrowed from or modelled on post-classical Latin (planimetry n., planisphere n.), derivatives of which appear in the mid 17th cent. (planispherical adj., planimetrical adj.). Formations within English first occur in the late 17th cent. (planifolious adj. at sense 2). The early variation in form of planimetry n. suggests that the combining form was not firmly established until the 17th cent. In French the earliest examples are borrowed from post-classical Latin in the 15th and 16th centuries (planimétrie planimetry n. and planisphère planisphere n., respectively). A small number of native formations occur from the late 18th cent. onwards (planièdre (of a crystal) having flat surfaces (1779), planiqueue (see planicaudate adj. at sense 2), planirostre (see planirostrate adj. at sense 2)). N.E.D. (1907) gives only the pronunciation (plēⁱni) /pleɪnɪ/. The position of the stress differs between compounds of plani- in accordance with the general stress patterns of English.

1. Forming terms relating to flat, smooth, or plane surfaces, as planigraphy n., planimetric adj., etc.

2. Forming botanical and zoological terms (chiefly adjectives), indicating flatness or smoothness of the thing denoted by the second element.

† planicaudate adj. [ < plani- comb. form + caudate adj., after scientific Latin Planicaudati (F. Vicq d'Azyr, 1792); compare French Planiqueues (1792 in the same work)] Zoology Obsolete having a flat tail.

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1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 972/1 Planicaudatus, applied by Duméril [1806] to a Family (Planicaudati..) of the Reptilia Sauræ, having a flattened tail: planicaudate. Applied by Vicq d'Azyr to a Family..of the Mammifera, including the Castor.

† planicipital adj. [ < plani- comb. form + -cipit- representing the stem of classical Latin caput head (see occipital adj.) + -al suffix¹, probably after scientific Latin planiceps, planicipitis (1792 or earlier)] Zoology Obsolete rare having a flat head, as certain insects.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

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1890 Cent. Dict. Planicipital, having a flat head, as an insect.

† planidorsate adj. [ < plani- comb. form + classical Latin dorsum back (see dorsum n.) + -ate suffix¹, probably after scientific Latin planidorsatus (1839 as specific name) or Planidorsi (1843 as tribe name)] Zoology Obsolete rare having a flat back.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

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1890 Cent. Dict. Planidorsate, having a flat back.

† planifolious adj. Botany Obsolete having or consisting of flat leaves; spec. = planipetalous adj.

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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [adjective]

intubaceous1657

corymbiferous1682

intybous1682

planifolious1687

cichoraceous1696

syngenesious1753

composite1832

syngenesian1840

cynareous1846

cynaraceous1847

synantherous1849

homocarpous1854

plecolepidous1858

compositous1859

synanthereous1859

asteraceous1876

cynaroid1882

tubulifloral1882

tubiflorous1888

tubuliflorous1891

1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 285 Those that have a perfect planifolious Flower.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Flower Planifolious, which are compos'd of plain Flowers, set together in circular Rows, round the Centre, and whose Face is usually indented, notch'd, uneven, and jagged.

† planipennine adj. and n. Entomology Obsolete rare (a) adj.= planipennate adj.; (b) n. an insect of the neuropteran suborder Planipennia.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

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1890 Cent. Dict. Planipennine, of or pertaining to the Planipennia.., one of the Planipennia.

† planipetalous adj. [ < plani- comb. form + -petalous comb. form, after post-classical Latin planipetalus (1703 or earlier)] Botany Obsolete having flat petals; spec. designating flowers of the family Asteraceae ( Compositae) having ligulate florets.

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the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having petals

foliaceous1658

monopetalous1687

pentapetalous1687

polypetalous1687

hose-in-hose1688

monopetalose1693

pentapetalose1693

tetrapetalose1694

tetrapetalous1697

tripetalose1698

tripetalous1704

hexapetalous1707

petalous1719

petaloid1720

planipetalous1730

petaline1783

petaliform1788

petalled1793

polypetal1803

hexapetaloid1813

hexapetaloideous1830

tripetaloid1830

tripetaloideous1830

unipetalous1831

petaliferous1847

macropetalous1857

sympetalous1870

apopetalous1875

anisopetalous1880

petally1888

thread-petalled1899

thousand-petalled1951

decapetalous-

synpetalous-

1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Planipetalous Flower.., flat leaved, as when these small Flowers are hollow only at the Bottom, but are flat upwards, as in Dandelion, Succory, &c.

1733 J. Alleyne New Eng. Dispensatory i. viii. 28 (heading) Of Plants with one naked Seed to each Flower; and a planipetalous, or semiflosculous Flower.

1765 tr. G. van Swieten Comm. Aphorisms Boerhaave IX. 207 Those herbs which are by botanists usually called planipetalous and lactescent, as sow-thistle, endive, succory, dandelion,..[etc.].

† planirostral adj. Zoology Obsolete = planirostrate adj.

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the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [adjective] > having beak or bill > of particular shape

long-billed1594

latirostrous1646

bill-twisteda1657

spoon-billed1668

hook-billed1695

slender-billed1769

thick-billed1770

bow-beaked1791

boat-billed1821

slender-beaked1824

tenuirostral1837

broad-billed1839

planirostrate1858

tenuirostrate1860

planirostral1890

1890 Cent. Dict. Planirostral, having a broad flat beak, as a bird.

1895 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Planirostral, having a flat beak.

† planirostrate adj. [ < plani- comb. form + rostrate adj., after French planirostres (plural noun: C. Duméril, 1806 as name of a bird family); compare scientific Latin planirostris, 1783 as specific name of a beetle] Zoology Obsolete having a flat beak or snout.

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