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precedentn. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: precedent adj. Etymology: < precedent adj. Compare classical Latin praecēdēns (masculine) person who goes in front, person who ranks before, person who excels, (neuter) thing which precedes, prior event, preceding statement, in post-classical Latin also previous instance taken as an example or rule (1457, 1523 in British sources), uses as noun of masculine and neuter respectively of praecēdēns, adjective; compare also Middle French precedent person who goes before or in front (1392; French précédent (legal) precedent (1824) is < English). 1. the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > a pattern or model of conduct > a precedent α. 1427 IV. 326/2 Ye Lordes Spirituel and Temporel..serched precydentes of the governaill of ye land in tyme and cas semblable. 1597 R. Hooker v. lxv. 168 That very precedent it selfe which they propose may be best followed. 1667 S. Pepys 9 Jan. (1974) VIII. 9 The Lords did argue that it was an ill precedent and that which will ever hereafter be used. 1742 E. Young 18 Be wise to day, 'tis madness to defer; Next day the fatal Precedent will plead. 1787 T. Jefferson (1859) II. 141 They consider the North American revolution a precedent for theirs. 1842 Ld. Tennyson You ask me Why in (new ed.) I. 219 A land..Where Freedom broadens slowly down From precedent to precedent. 1888 F. Hume i. i. 17 He promptly followed the precedent set by Oxford. 1923 E. Wharton 19 May (1988) 467 Thereafter..came urgent letters, saying that a ‘Doctorat’ had never before been conferred on a woman by any big University in America, that Yale had created a precedent for me. 1950 10 Jan. 7/4 Their opera did not fit into any recognized category and could not be approached with any operatic precedent in mind. 1996 11 260/1 Although market segmentation techniques are frequently applied to the promotion of consumer products, there are precedents for their use in social marketing contexts. society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > record used as guide or rule 1450 V. 191/1 Any Graunt made by us..of Viewe of Frauncplegge..which we graunted to hym opon certeyn precedentez allowed in Ayer to his Aunceterz. 1495 in J. Gairdner (1863) II. 298 All my bokes, and that in especiall my precedentes. 1523 J. Fitzherbert xi. f. 12 But ye diuersytie of these tenures..can nat be knowen but by the lordes euydence, court rolles, rentayles, and suche other presydentes. 1543 (title) A boke of presidentes exactly written in maner of a register. 1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes i. v. 16 in II Newes, of all which seuerall, The Day-bookes, Characters, Precedents are kept. 1650 A. Weldon (1651) 11 He caused a whole cartload of Parliament Presidents (that spake the Subjects Liberty) to be burnt. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > a judicial precedent society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > citing as precedent > a precedent α. 1600 W. Shakespeare iv. i. 217 There is no power in Venice can altar a decree established: twill be recorded for a precedent . View more context for this quotation 1689 34 Things done in particular cases in favour are not Precedents. 1765 W. Blackstone I. Introd. iii. 69 It is an established rule to abide by former precedents, when the same points come again in litigation. 1772 ‘Junius’ I. Ded. p. iii One precedent creates another. They soon accumulate, and constitute law. 1847 31 May 4/4 The practice of giving what the lawyers call extra-judicial opinions, which..are not deemed binding precedents. 1874 J. R. Green viii. §5. 502 The legal research of Noy..found precedents among the records in the Tower. 1910 10 668 A decision is a binding precedent solely by virtue of its application of a rule of law to the facts of the case before it. 1992 D. Pannick v. 166 The future happiness of..people who may be affected by the precedent established by the judgment. the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > standard of conduct [phrase] > not > without precedent 1593 T. Bilson xvi. 388 All this, your selues being priuate men, take vpon you to deuise and establish without precedent. 1612 S. Daniel i. 3 The trayne of affaires carried by precedent. 1671 W. Salmon Introd. 4 We will not much praise it,..for it was wrot without President. 1750 S. Johnson No. 28. ⁋7 Each comforts himself that his faults are not without precedent. 1769 ‘Junius’ (1772) I. v. 45 Your conduct was not justified by precedent. 1858 J. A. Froude (ed. 2) III. xvi. 362 The conservative English instinct, which..ever preferred the authority of precedent to any other guide. 1913 22 Feb. 5/3 The judge's proper rôle was to sit upon the bench, learnedly expounding text and precedent. 1913 22 Feb. 31/1 Gross receipts of the railroads were without precedent for dimensions, higher operating costs affecting the net unfavorably. 1985 R. C. A. White i. i. 7 A clear pecking order of courts exists which is of great importance in studying the doctrine of precedent, since decisions of courts higher in the hierarchy are generally binding on those lower in the hierarchy. 2001 Winter 37/1 At the time the situation was without precedent in Scotland, for until then historic shipwrecks had fallen outside the remit of its statutory agencies. †2. 1433 IV. 425/1 My said Lord of Bedford..nought havyng his rewarde to ye said precedents, offerd and agreed hym to serve ye Kyng. 1460 W. Worcester in (2004) II. 204 These preseidentes consedred wolde discorage any man to a-bide but a litel amonges hem that so straunged hem self from me. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) II. lxxv Whan all these Presedentes were sene by ye sccottes a day was assygned of metynge at Norham. a1575 N. Harpsfield (1878) (modernized text) 237 A fourth impediment, and worse than the precedents. 1607 E. Topsell 133 I should heere end the discourse of this beast, after the method already obserued in the precedents. 1684 T. Forrester iii. 89 Prelatists who are enemies to either long or short prayers..are much liker these precedents in the above mentioned characters. 1594 H. Plat 63 This secrete with the preceedent I had of a Dutch mountbanke. 1597 J. Gerard i. 8 The great Foxe-taile grasse hath..leaues or blades like Okes: is nothing rough in handling like the precedent. 1605 F. Bacon ii. sig. Bb1v Another defect which I note, ascendeth a little higher than the precedent . View more context for this quotation 1699 tr. H. de Blancourt 163 This Colour will be not only deeper, but also far fairer than the precedent. 1705 tr. W. Bosman xv. 269 A Bird not above half so big as the precedent. 1737 E. Albin 61 This Bird..is lesser than the precedent. 1856 tr. A. O. Exquemelin (new ed.) 30 The prickle palm, so called because it is infinitely full of prickles.., much more than the precedent. society > communication > indication > [noun] > an indication or sign 1518 W. Nevill (1930) 109 Which were playne precedentes the daye was clerely paste. 1581 B. Rich (Shaks. Soc.) 183 He had given..to the Kyng himself, as a president of his good will, a riche jewell. 1593 W. Shakespeare sig. Bv With this she ceazeth on his sweating palme, The president of pith, and liuelyhood. †4. the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > a pattern or model of conduct 1535 J. Husee Let. 21 July in (P.R.O. SP 3/13) XIII. f. 94 If you miȝt haue suche a man of knowledge for the ordering and redresse of your household but one yeare it shoud be a presdint for ever. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus f. 1v We haue thought moste conuenient to set his saiynges first, as of ye which the studious reader maye gather & take suche presidentes of holy and innocent liuyng. 1572 J. Field & T. Wilcox sig. C.iv The Queenes chappell, and these churches, must be paternes and presidents to the people, of all superstitions. 1607 T. Middleton i. sig. Cv Piero. That vertuous Lady? Ant. President for wiues. 1677 in (1930) 65 366 His doctrine sound, his life a president. 1754 J. Woolman Considerations Keeping Negroes in (1774) ii. 254 Our blessed Saviour seems to give a check to this irregular fondness in nature, and, at the same time, a precedent for us: ‘Who is my mother, and who are my brethren?’ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [noun] > exemplifying some rule, activity, quality, etc. a1575 N. Harpsfield (1878) (modernized text) 217 But the most notable president of this kind of chastity is the virginity of our blessed lady..married to good Joseph. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy xxviii. xliv. 704 Can there bee a president [L. exemplum] found more pregnant..to prove and enforce this point, than Anniball himselfe? 1631 R. Norwood Ep. to Rdr. Some..who, when these tables were printing and almost finished, came to the printing house and not only tooke a sufficient view of them there, but carried away a president without the printer's leave. 1668 H. Rolle i. 49 I will make thee an example and president for a perjured Rogue. 1695 J. Woodward 103 There are so many Presidents on Record in Holy Writ of this way of proceeding, that no one can be well ignorant of them. the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] 1597 W. Shakespeare iii. vi. 7 This is the indictment of the good Lord Hastings,..Eleuen houres I spent to wryte it ouer..The president was full as long a doyng. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. ii. 3 My Lord Melloone, let this be coppied out, And keepe it safe for our remembrance: Returne the president to these Lords againe. View more context for this quotation the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] > antecedent or precursor the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > [noun] > one who goes first 1599 J. Rainolds sig. A2 These and such like warninges and examples going before should..haue bene a peasefull precedent to the succeeding age that came after. 1610 vi. 143 Ruine and Warre, the precedents of Wrath,..Have rid their circuit through this fertile soyle. a1613 G. Owen (1892) 274 Some gaine in running vpon his precedentes, some forced to come behinde those that were once foremost. 1691 T. Beverley 10 The mention of the Three days, and a Half as the most Immediate Precedent of their Rising. 1788 T. Taylor tr. Proclus I. 67 Things subsequent are always annexed to their precedents. 1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus I. 51 A host of jarring rumours..Each fresh recital with a murkier hue Than its precedent. 1917 F. W. Huard ix. 241 The second crash came! Closer and louder than its precedent. 1980 66 431 Each successive interval..is a minor second larger than its precedent. 1997 S. Bartsch i. 16 The by-products of the civil war that Lucan himself is documenting and not its precedent in the 80s B.C. Compounds1853 C. Kingsley (1878) I. 374 If we can prove this point, we prove everything with precedent-worshipping John Bull. 1883 July 296/1 We are a dull, blind, precedent-loving set of animals, we human beings. 1913 7 Mar. 1/8 Joseph P. Tumulty, President Wilson's secretary, started a small precedent-shattering campaign of his own yesterday. 1967 14 Oct. 160/3 In Boston an outspoken lawyer, in a precedent-setting challenge to the constitutionality of the Massachusetts laws against marijuana, is asking whether all the fuss over pot is really worth it. 2000 (Nexis) 1 July 10 The erudite and precedent-loving procurator fiscal. C2. 1591 T. Nashe in Sir P. Sidney Introd. Although it be..the president bookes of such as cannot see without another man's spectacles. 1715 R. Gardiner (ed. 5) I. 201 In Townsend's Tables you will find References to good Precedents, and also in other Precedent Books since published. 1842 23 Dec. 5/1 A lawyer having copied into his precedent book a set of cropping clauses from a Norfolk lease. 1992 27 Mar. 24/5 A more interesting area for text retrieval is secondary sources, text and precedent-books which lawyers use on a daily basis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). precedentadj. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French precedent; Latin praecēdent-, praecēdēns. Etymology: < (i) Middle French precedent (French précédent ) earlier in time (13th cent. in Old French), that comes before in order (1400), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin praecēdent-, praecēdēns earlier in time, foregoing, use as adjective of present participle of praecēdere precede v.2 Compare Old Occitan preceden (c1350), Catalan precedent (14th cent.), Spanish precedente (1358 as precedent), Italian precedente (1268).Now largely replaced by preceding adj. N.E.D. (1907) indicates only stress on the second syllable. Similarly, S. Pegge Anecd. Eng. Lang. (1803) 283 remarks on precedent having one sound when a noun, another sound when an adjective. the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adjective] c1400 ( G. Chaucer (Brussels) (1940) ii. §32 f. 93 Fro the mydday of the day precedent. 1472–3 VI. 57/1 The same accompt for the first yere precedent. 1509 S. Hawes (1845) xxvii. 123 The desteny is a thyng accydent,..Tyll it be done it is ay precedent. 1598 R. Barckley v. 458 There are two sorts of ends, some are precedent, some subsequent. 1616 Sir T. Button in (1887) 2nd Ser. II. 65 I shalbe glad..to be your tenant..and give as muche rentt..as the presedentt tenant did. a1674 Earl of Clarendon (1676) 88 For there could be no Law precedent to that resignation of themselves. 1742 T. Humphreys 3 The dignity of the married state, hath, in this last century, more than in any precedent age, been depretiated. 1787 201 Mr. Plodder having been busied the precedent night. 1817 J. Mill III. vi. i. 21 The operation of control is subsequent, not precedent. 1863 N. Hawthorne I. 228 The line of a railway..puts all precedent things at sixes-and-sevens. 1912 2 Jan. 10/3 The average import price per pound thus being but 92 cents in 1911, against $1.10 in the precedent year. 1968 58 p. xxxii In the respective no. 1 of every volume Public Finance/Finances Publiques publishes the papers and proceedings of the Congress of the International Institute of Public Finance held respectively the precedent year. 2000 (Nexis) 27 Dec. We have touched the level of 1993 after suffering a lot of decline in the garment exports during the precedent years, he added. 2. the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [adjective] > preceding in order 1418 in H. Nicolas (1834) II. 354 (MED) Wheþer þe King may..werreie wiþ þe Douphin..is contened in þe next precedent two articles. 1483 W. Caxton tr. E iij b To flee the false opynyons and errours of thauncient beforesayd in the iiii precedent commaundementes. 1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig f. 15v As I have taught in the precedent chapter. 1604 T. Wright (new ed.) 255 Certaine Corollaries deducted out of the precedent Discourse of the Motives to Love. 1714 tr. I. Barrow (rev. ed.) Pref. The six precedent and the two subsequent [books]. 1741 T. Robinson v. 77 The Generality of the Precedent Words. 1837 J. Badcock in N. Whittock et al. 389 The discord of precedent, antecedent, and relative pronouns. 1936 2 Apr. 2/6 Calculate the net products of each line, mentioned by the precedent chapter. 1995 A. V. Gheorghe & M. Nicolet-Monnier I. iii. 93 Examples of indirect processes are the wet and dry deposition already discussed in the precedent chapter. 1530 J. Palsgrave 987 The whiche may be turned lyke the verbe precedent. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being better or superior > [adjective] 1598 J. Florio Precedénte, precedent,..of better worth, overpassing, outpassing, surmounting. 1613 S. Purchas 340 The one precedent in age and nobilitie, the other a Leader in Warre, and Lawgiuer in Peace. 1858 H. Bushnell x. 289 Laying his hand upon all the dearest and most intimate affections of life and demanding a precedent love. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). precedentv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: precedent n. Etymology: < precedent n. the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > act in accordance with [verb (transitive)] > set (an example) > furnish with a precedent 1614 W. B. tr. (ed. 2) i. vii. 28 The examples of diuers..kings..do president vs in these carriages. a1652 A. Wilson (1653) 175 We..with more alacrity, and celerity, than ever was precedented in Parliament, did address our selves to the Service commended unto Us. 1716 M. Davies Crit. Hist. 42 in III Otherwise the Example might be of dangerous consequence, tho' often precedented by the Popish Monks and Jesuits in their Editions. 1785 20 Sept. 2/3 It has now arrived at such a pitch as cannot be precedented at any former period whatever. 1881 May 728/2 With a shade of affirmation not precedented by any of the standard quotations in Johnson or Worcester. 1959 12 ix. 11/1 This is taking place to a degree that has never before been precedented. 1987 J. N. Butcher et al. VI. 14 In the affective disorders, historically precedented by Kraepelin's (1921) position on this issue, there has been increasing support for viewing subsyndromal forms as directly related to full syndromal forms. the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > standard of conduct [verb (reflexive)] > follow as a precedent 1636 P. Heylyn 68 It is well done that you..president your selfe with the formes in his Majesties Chappels, and the Quires of Cathedrall Churches. 1637 Abp. J. Williams 35 Now we are no longer to president our selves, in this kind, by the Chappell, but by the Liturgie of Queen Elisabeth. 1641 C. Burges 63 This is a memorable Instance; and I would to God you would president your selves by it. Derivatives 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais xxxviii. 319 Prototypal and precedenting fool. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
