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单词 presidential
释义

presidentialadj.

Brit. /ˌprɛzᵻˈdɛnʃl/, U.S. /ˌprɛzəˈdɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l/
Forms: see president n. and -ial suffix.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: president n., -ial suffix.
Etymology: < president n. + -ial suffix, probably after post-classical Latin praesidentialis presided over by the king (c1120 in a French source in praesidentialis curia presidential court; < praesidentia presidency n. + classical Latin -ālis -al suffix1). Compare French présidentiel (1791), Middle French, French †présidental (1546).
1.
a. Of or relating to a president or presidency.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > person in control > [adjective] > of or relating to presider or president > over a body of persons or their meetings
presidial1598
presidential1603
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [adjective] > of or relating to president of a republic
dogal1792
presidential1797
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. xii. 629 A President of the law..vanted himselfe, to have hudled vp together two hundred and od strange places in a presidentiall [Fr. presidental] law-case of his .
1668 Mem. in R. Boyle's St. Papers (1742) I. App. 52 The presidential Court of Munster.
1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxxvii. 313 With a Presidential Majesty holding his Bable.
1785 R. H. Lee in J. Adams's Wks. (1854) IX. 544 My presidential year being ended, I had left New York for this place. [Lee had been President of Congress.]
1797 M. Warren in Abigail Adams's Fam. Lett. (1848) 374 My congratulations on Mr. Adams's elevation to the Presidential chair.
1846 N. F. Moore Hist. Sk. Columbia Coll. 75 The professorship which for about three years had been annexed to the presidential office.
1860 J. R. Lowell Election in Nov. in Prose Wks. (1890) V. 19 The next Presidential Election looms always in advance.
1906 D. W. Forrest Authority of Christ vii. v. 411 The mother Church of Jerusalem where James had held a presidential position.
1939 Fortune Nov. (Suppl.) 1/2 It might reflect a reaction against the gratuitous presidential announcements that submarines are lurking in our waters.
1995 Time 18 Sept. 86/2 Many analysts..accused Chirac of trying to prove his Gaullist credentials and burnish his presidential stature.
b. U.S. Having a bearing or demeanour befitting a president; dignified; confident. Also: appropriate to a president; stately; impressive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > proper pride or self-respect > [adjective] > dignified
estatelyc1374
burlya1400
portlyc1484
stately1496
great1547
stateful1604
commandinga1616
stately1725
presidential1804
dignifieda1812
splendid1833
the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > [adjective]
wlonkOE
kine-wurtheOE
reala1325
rialc1330
royalc1400
wlonkfulc1400
statelyc1415
pompousc1425
imperial?1435
pontificalc1440
sumptuous1472
magnific1490
magnificenta1530
statelike1534
pompatic1535
magnificala1538
princely1539
portly1548
regal1561
queen-like?1571
haughty1585
portlike1587
Minerva-like1598
lustrous1605
pompatical1610
pontificial1613
commandinga1616
pompal1616
grand1622
splendid1624
pontifician1629
regifical1656
queenly1791
presidential1804
angeliferous1837
slashing1854
sultanesque1862
pageanted1902
1804 T. W. Thompson Let. 17 Oct. in D. Webster Private Corr. (1857) I. 189 If Judge Davis had more dignity of person, his appearance would I think, be more presidential.
1824 D. Webster Let. 22 Feb. in Private Corr. (1857) I. 346 General Jackson's manners are more presidential than those of any of the candidates. He is grave, mild, and reserved.
1924 N.Y. Times 25 May ix. 3/1 A man may look very Presidential without being much of a President.
1973 Great Bend (Kansas) Tribune 16 Mar. 4/1 He above all prospects has the kind of status and presidential bearing which would most enhance Republican chances.
2004 National Jrnl. (U.S.) 10 July 2183/2 As CNN waited for the speech to begin, it gave us a shot of the very presidential Kerry motorcade leaving the Heinz estate outside Pittsburgh.
2. Of the nature of a president; presiding. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > person in control > [adjective] > of or relating to presider or president
presidentiary1643
presidential1650
1650 R. Gell Αγγελοκρατια Θεου 10 He would..govern them..by a presidentiall Angel.
1660 J. Gauden Κακουργοι 105 The order and eminency of presidential Episcopacy.
1704 T. Taylor Two Covenants God with Mankind iii. 235 God who has commission'd the Presidential Angels of Countrys or Persons, very well knows they will not exceed their Commission; that they will not act but by the Rules of Order and Justice.
a1826 S. T. Coleridge Marginalia (1980) I. 594 Gold is Light under the presidential Power and Form of Gravitation.
3. Of, relating to, or designating the presidencies of the East India Company (see presidency n. 3); characteristic of this kind of government. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > territory under a governor or official > [adjective] > under specific governors in India
presidential1857
1857 S. Wilberforce Speeches on Missions (1874) 107 The necessity of establishing missions in the presidential and other principal cities [of India].
1877 S. J. Owen in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches Introd. p. xlvi The Presidential designation of the young civilian should be left to the Governor-General.
1886 H. Yule & A. C. Burnell Hobson-Jobson 196/1 A gallant veteran of the old Bengal Artillery..was full of ‘Presidential’ prejudices.
1929 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 145 20 The most important recommendations of the commission were the abolition of the presidential system and the placing of all the armies under the direct control of the Commander-in-Chief in India.

Compounds

presidential year n. U.S. a year in which a presidential election occurs.
ΚΠ
1848 Pittsfield (Mass.) Sun 25 May 2/5 The present is ‘Presidential year’, as it has been termed, the period for an election of Executive of the United States, and the time is at hand for the repetition..of the usual predictions of ruin by the prophets of woe in the whig ranks.
1893 K. D. Wiggin Polly Oliver's Problem (1894) xvii. 185 As it chances to be a presidential year, we will celebrate Inauguration Day.
1903 N.Y. Evening Post 5 Sept. ii. 1/6 Every merchant knows that the ‘buying demand’ is exceedingly sensitive. It is traditionally so..in a Presidential year.
1956 Law & Contemp. Probl. 21 618 The preoccupations of the presidential week will vary with the seasons of the presidential year.
2004 National Rev. 29 Nov. 66/3 A professor of government who..had always succeeded in predicting the outcome of presidential year elections.

Derivatives

presiˈdentialism n. the system or practice of presidential government.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems governed by person or body > [noun] > by a president
presidentialism1936
1936 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 16 382 Here is a forthright volume on Brazilian politics in particular and Latin American ‘presidentialism’ in general.
1964 J. E. S. Hayward in Parl. Affairs 18 35 L'Express drew the conclusion that the Opposition must accept Presidentialism and find a candidate for the next election.
1973 W. G. Andrews in Polit. Stud. 21 311 The French constitutional structure has undergone radical change from parliamentarism towards presidentialism since 1958.
1993 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 2 Dec. 47/4 Why did he run? Why, after denouncing as recently as June, the ‘presidentialism, this incurable sickness’ of Haitian politicians.
presiˈdentialist n. a supporter or advocate of the presidential system of government.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > adherents of other principles of government
aristocratical1651
imperialist1800
centralist1826
coercionist1841
Caesarean1869
feudalist1870
Caesarist1875
gynecocrat1893
patriarchalist1923
technocrat1932
presidentialist1935
plutodemocrat1939
psephocrat1966
1935 Geogr. Jrnl. 86 474 Many of the drawbacks which the author urges against this ‘presidentialist’ form have also handicapped representative democratic government in many parts of the world.
1965 Economist 28 Aug. 787/3 Professor Burns himself is a convinced Presidentialist (and Democrat), and offers some concluding recommendations for reducing the four-party competition to two.
2001 Harvard Law Rev. 114 2273 Viewed from this perspective, the debate in legal doctrine and scholarship between strong and weak presidentialists emerges as far too narrow in focus.
presiˈdentially adv. in a presidential way; as or by a president.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > person in control > [adverb] > in the character or person of president
presidentially1665
1665 E. Waterhouse Gentlemans Monitor 187 For if the zeal of God, and the rules of Honour, and Justice, inspire such a one, he cannot chuse but be presidentially good.
1864 H. Bushnell Christ & his Salvation xiv. 298 He lives, in fact, Presidentially, and is dignified inwardly by the dignities of his position.
1884 Daily News 24 July 5/2 On each of the six days a new president of the Conference will be elected, so that each of the great Powers will be represented presidentially.
1933 Harvard Law Rev. 47 122 The walking delegates have been furnished with slogans, presidentially published, with which to attack the 85% of industry not organized.
1994 Times 12 Oct. 15/1 The idea was to let others draw favourable conclusions about electoral benefits while he stayed presidentially above the fray.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1603
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