preloadn.
/ˈpriːləʊd/, U.S. /ˈpriˌloʊd/ 1.
a. A load applied beforehand, esp. one in a bearing or machine part (cf. preload v. 1).
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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > load > specific
live load1858
proof load1858
wind load1911
impact load1924
wind loading1924
surcharge1930
point load1937
preload1941
impact loading1948
1941 Motor Commerce July 25/3 Adjust the pinion assembly to the correct bearing pre-load of 12 to 17 in.-lbs., and lock the adjusting nuts in position by a lock-washer.
1954 Sun (Baltimore) 3 Nov. (B ed.) 36/4 This earth pile acts as a preload or surcharge on the subsoil... The preload or surcharge is to get a settlement of the earth before the towers are constructed.
1971 Power Farming Mar. 71/1 Dynamic loading in a tightened bolt may vary from no stress at all to that exceeding the bolt's preload.
1989 Cycle Oct. 58/2 Fox recommends preload be set via the single threaded collar so the rear of the bike sags 1 inch from full top-out when the rider is on the bike.
b. Physiology. The degree to which a muscle is stretched prior to contraction; spec. the pressure or stress on the ventricular wall of the heart at the end of diastole.
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the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > heartbeat > [noun] > types of
palpitation?a1425
panting1440
dunt1768
wallop1824
apex beat1847
afterbeat1853
impulse1873
extrasystole1900
sinus rhythm1911
afterpotential1930
afterload1941
preload1960
1960 R. W. Ramsey & G. H. Bourne Struct. & Function Muscle II. vi. 338 A muscle shortening isotonically from an extended length with preload will shorten to the length characteristic of that tension on the shortened side.
1970 Circulation Res. 26 114/1 The muscle is pre-stretched to a certain initial length using a ‘preload’, P, and temporarily fixed at that length.
1989 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 May 1431/2 Low central venous pressure indicates subnormal right ventricular preload.
2. Physiology. A quantity of a metabolically active substance introduced into an organ, tissue, etc., prior to some other procedure, test, or event. Cf. loading dose n. at loading adj. Additions.
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1954 Jrnl. Compar. & Physiol. Psychol. 47 7 (title) The effect of preloads of water and sodium chloride on voluntary water intake of thirsty rats.
1975 Science 10 Oct. 167/2 (caption) The effects of intragastric nutrient preloads on caloric consumption.
2004 Amer. Jrnl. Neuroradiol. 25 1524 A preload (0.05–0.10 mmol/kg) was administered before the study, and a postprocessing correction algorithm was applied.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
preloadv.
/ˌpriːˈləʊd/, U.S. /priˈloʊd/ 1. transitive. To load beforehand; (Engineering) to design or make (a bearing or machine part) in such a way that there are internal loads independent of any working load (e.g. to reduce noise in operation).
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > operate parts [verb (transitive)] > design parts with independent internal loads
preload1945
the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > in advance
preload1945
society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] > load > in advance
preload1969
1945 R. K. Allan Rolling Bearings x. 253 Another method..is to preload the bearings by axial adjustment.
1969 W. Wrigley et al. Gyroscopic Theory xiv. 324 When two ball bearings are preloaded against each other, the result is a much stiffer assembly.
1969 Jane's Freight Containers 1968–9 439 (caption) They are pre-loaded and sealed by shippers.
1990 Match Fishing Feb. 17/2 The float was preloaded with 2 gms.
1993 What Hi-Fi? Oct. 143 A carousel is a big drawer with several places for discs, while a magazine is a cartridge into which several discs are preloaded.
1995 Flight Internat. 1 Mar. 24/2 The two bearing races are separated by a spring, so that one pre-loads the other, thus preventing skidding.
2. Physiology.
a. transitive. To treat (subjects, cells, etc.) with a preload (preload n. 2). Also intransitive.
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1953 Jrnl. Clin. Investig. 32 809/1 In none of these subjects did diuresis follow the ingestion of saline prior to pre-loading with salt solution.
1953 Jrnl. Clin. Investig. 32 810/2 This did not occur..when subjects were not pre-loaded with salt.
1961 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 47 154 The initial flux of alanine was increased by preloading the cells with glycine.
1988 Nature 6 Oct. 522/1 Stage VI oocytes preloaded with carrier-free P were cultured for 1h.
2004 Jrnl. Drug Targeting 12 97 Various organic acids exhibited a cis-inhibitory effect on the uptake of formate by PAT1. Furthermore, the uptake was increased by preloading with l-lactate.
b. transitive. To introduce (a chemical) into, or transfer to, as a preload (preload n. 2).
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1984 Cancer Res. 44 4458/1 [3H]Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or [3H]adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was preloaded to the energized mitochondria, and the initial rates of exchange with unlabeled extramitochondrial nucleotides were measured.
2004 FASEB Jrnl. 18 1270 We investigated basal hormone release by preloading fluorescent peptides into single vesicles.
3. Computing.
a. transitive. To load or install software or data in (a device, computer, etc.) before it is required; spec. to install software or data in (a computer) prior to its use or purchase.
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1970 Jrnl. Soc. Motion Picture & Television Engineers 79 191 The automatic search facility consists of a memory bank which is preloaded by a numeric keyboard.
1973 IBM Techn. Disclosure Bull. 16 958 Such search array contains search registers 1–K, each register preloaded with the desired function performing circuit operations for selected inputs.
2001 Wired Sept. 161/2 SpringPort..comes preloaded with Blazer, a robust Palm OS browser that navigated my favorite blogs, news sites and etailers without difficulty.
b. transitive. To load or install (software or data) before it is required; spec. to install (a program) in a computer prior to its use or purchase.
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1958 Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery 1 5 Use no preloaded constants or absolute addresses.]
1971 IBM Techn. Disclosure Bull. 14 1753 Optimization of the loading process can be achieved by preloading micro-programs, having a high frequency of execution, into main storage buffers before the actual requirement arises for execution of the micro-code.
1986 Railway Gaz. Internat. Feb. 123/2 A complete timetable is preloaded into a central computer which then generates summary displays.
1992 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 25 June d5/1 OS-2 has been struggling for acceptance against the Windows operating software of the Microsoft Corporation, which many PC makers preload onto their computers.
2005 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 13 Aug. c3 You want to make sure you know how to use the machine and that you preload everything you need before you go.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1941v.1945