pretextn.¹

Brit.

/ˈpriːtɛkst/, U.S.

/ˈpriˌtɛkst/

Forms: 1500s– pretext, 1600s praetext, 1600s pretex; Scottish pre-1700 praetext, pre-1700 pretex, pre-1700 1700s– pretext.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin praetextus; Latin praetextum.

Etymology: Either < classical Latin praetextus (u- stem) outward display, show, pretext < praetext- , past participial stem of praetexere pretex v. + -tus, suffix forming verbal nouns, or < classical Latin praetextum pretext, use as noun of neuter past participle of praetexere. Compare Middle French, French prétexte (1530), Catalan pretext (late 13th cent. as pretest), Spanish pretexto (1505 or earlier), Italian pretesto (1308). N.E.D. (1908) notes that the word was pronounced with stress on the second syllable until the mid 19th cent.

1. A reason put forward to conceal one's real purpose or object; a pretended motivation for a selfish or criminal act; an excuse or pretence.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > motive > specious motive or pretext

coloura1393

coverturec1440

pretexta1535

pretencea1538

stalking-horse1579

stale1580

face1647

stooping-horse1659

stall1851

a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 58/1 The deuise of some conuenient pretext, for which the peple should be content, to depose the prince.

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 988 We may coulor it with some pretext.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xl. 255 A pretext..to discharge themselves of their obedience.

1681 Whole Duty of Nations 59 Things that have only the thin pretexts of Antiquity to give them some venerableness.

1736 G. Berkeley Querist: Pt. II (new ed.) §80 Such Cash should not be liable to Seizure on any Pretext.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 121 Public benefit would soon become the pretext, and perfidy and murder the end.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Gardener's Daughter in Poems (new ed.) II. 28 Henceforward squall nor storm Could keep me from that Eden where she dwelt. Light pretexts drew me.

1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spiritual World (1884) 89 To sit down on the outermost edge of the Holy Ground on the pretext of taking off their shoes.

1942 E. Paul Narrow Street xv. 108 It was no new thing to the French to have undesirables railroaded and executed on one flimsy pretext or another.

1996 E. Afr. Standard (Nairobi) 23 May 1/5 The Head of State said the Government would not give in to criminals under the pretext of protecting human rights.

2005 Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nexis) 30 Oct. d2 Officials within the Bush administration disclosed Plame's identity as part of an effort to discredit Wilson's criticism of one of the pretexts for war against Iraq.

†2. An asserted claim or pretension (to a title, etc.). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > claiming as due or right > claim or a demand for something as due

challengec1314

claim1393

oncalla1400

acclaim1546

pretext1591

plea1598

pretendence1603

pretendment1642

1591 in A. I. Cameron Warrender Papers (1932) II. 161 [He has neither] a titill to grace his pretex [nor command of the resources of the realm to prosecute his claim].

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. iii. 139 Humbly praying that his life might bee spared, in policie of State; for whilest hee lived, his brother Iohn could not make any pretext to the Earledome.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† pretextadj.n.²

Forms: 1500s pretext, 1500s–1600s praetext.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin praetextus, praetexta.

Etymology: As adjective < classical Latin praetextus, past participle of praetexere to edge, border (see pretex v.), after specific use in toga praetexta (see praetexta n.). As noun < classical Latin praetexta praetexta n. Compare Middle French pretexte , noun (1355; French prétexte ). Compare praetexta n. N.E.D. (1908) also gave a sense ‘Of a person: Wearing the prætexta’, but this was apparently based only on the reading of a 19th-cent. edition of the work cited in quot. 1657 at pretextate adj.

Roman History. Obsolete. rare.

A. adj.

Bordered, edged, or fringed. Only in † pretext gown n. Obsolete = praetexta n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > robe or gown > types of > toga > types of

pretext gown1533

pretext1598

toga praetexta1600

toga virīlis1600

trabea1600

praetexta1601

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. iii. 25 Be exempill of þir Ethruschis þe sadill currill and þe pretext govne [L. toga praetexta], with mony vthir ornamentis..war brocht vp in rome.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome ii. xxiii. 224 Þe ornamentis consulare, þat is to say, þe axis, the sadill curall, the pretext govne [L. praetextam].

B. n.²

= praetexta n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > robe or gown > types of > toga > types of

pretext gown1533

pretext1598

toga praetexta1600

toga virīlis1600

trabea1600

praetexta1601

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales i. i. 2 His earnest desire was, they should be called Princes of youth, and chosen Consuls elect, before they had cast off their prætext or infants garments [L. puerili praetexta].

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xii. ix. 167 Britannicus in his pretext [L. in praetexta], and Nero in triumphing attire.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

pretextv.

Brit.

/priːˈtɛkst/, U.S.

/priˈtɛkst/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pretext n.¹

Etymology: < pretext n.¹ In sense 1 after classical Latin praetexere pretex v. Compare French prétexter to take as a pretext (1566 in Middle French), Spanish pretextar (1537 in an apparently isolated attestation; subsequently from 1695), Italian pretestare (1641; rare), pretessere (see pretex v.). Compare earlier pretex v., pretexted adj.¹

†1. transitive. = pretex v. 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]

heeleOE

forhelec888

i-hedec888

dernc893

hidec897

wryOE

behelec1000

behidec1000

bewryc1000

forhidec1000

overheleOE

hilla1250

fealc1325

cover1340

forcover1382

blinda1400

hulsterc1400

overclosec1400

concealc1425

shroud1426

blend1430

close1430

shadow1436

obumber?1440

mufflea1450

alaynec1450

mew?c1450

purloin1461

to keep close?1471

oversilec1478

bewrap1481

supprime1490

occulta1500

silec1500

smoor1513

shadec1530

skleir1532

oppressa1538

hudder-mudder1544

pretex1548

lap?c1550

absconce1570

to steek away1575

couch1577

recondite1578

huddle1581

mew1581

enshrine1582

enshroud1582

mask1582

veil1582

abscondc1586

smotherc1592

blot1593

sheathe1594

immask1595

secret1595

bemist1598

palliate1598

hoodwinka1600

overmaska1600

hugger1600

obscure1600

upwrap1600

undisclose1601

disguise1605

screen1611

underfold1612

huke1613

eclipsea1616

encavea1616

ensconcea1616

obscurify1622

cloud1623

inmewa1625

beclouda1631

pretext1634

covert1647

sconce1652

tapisa1660

shun1661

sneak1701

overlay1719

secrete1741

blank1764

submerge1796

slur1813

wrap1817

buttress1820

stifle1820

disidentify1845

to stick away1900

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > present speciously [verb (transitive)] > conceal real state

dissimulec1374

feigna1393

shroud1412

abuse?a1439

counterfeit1490

cloak1509

dissemblea1535

maska1593

dissimulate1610

disguisea1616

pretext1634

mascherate1654

veil1700

camouflage1917

1634 R. Stapylton tr. Virgil Dido & Aeneas sig. B6 Now she meditates stolne loue, Wedlooke she calst', pretexting with that name Her fault [L. hoc praetexit nomine culpam].

2. transitive. To use or put forward (a reason) as a pretext or excuse; to pretend, feign.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > serve as a motive for > use as a pretext for > use as a pretext

pretendc1485

portenda1500

pretex1545

pretext1749

1749 T. Edwards Sonn. in Coll. Poems Several Hands IV. 119 O never let ambition's pride (Too oft pretexted [ed. 2, (1748) pretexed] with our country's good)..Or thirst of wealth thee from her banks divide.

a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George II (1822) I. 378 A decency was observed, and conscience always pretexted.

1849 J. Pardoe Court & Reign Francis I II. xiv. 377 He retraced his steps to the Rue de Fer; where, pretexting business he entered the shop of the armourer.

1885 Eng. Illustr. Mag. 3 241 Pretexting a sprained wrist as excuse for a strange hand.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage lv. 284 Pretexting an appointment one afternoon, for he was not a little ashamed of his weakness, he..went straight to the shop.

1925 A. Huxley Those Barren Leaves iv. vi. 317 Mrs. Aldwinkle pretexted a headache and sent her to bed almost at once.

1988 Summary of World Broadcasts (B.B.C. Nexis) 27 May iii. FE/0162/A1/1 The Vatican representative pretexted ‘technical reasons’ to delay his visit to Vietnam.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> see also

also refers to : pre-textn.³

n.¹a1535

adj.n.²1533

v.1634

单词	pretext
释义	pretextn.¹ Brit. /ˈpriːtɛkst/, U.S. /ˈpriˌtɛkst/ Forms: 1500s– pretext, 1600s praetext, 1600s pretex; Scottish pre-1700 praetext, pre-1700 pretex, pre-1700 1700s– pretext. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin praetextus; Latin praetextum. Etymology: Either < classical Latin praetextus (u- stem) outward display, show, pretext < praetext- , past participial stem of praetexere pretex v. + -tus, suffix forming verbal nouns, or < classical Latin praetextum pretext, use as noun of neuter past participle of praetexere. Compare Middle French, French prétexte (1530), Catalan pretext (late 13th cent. as pretest), Spanish pretexto (1505 or earlier), Italian pretesto (1308). N.E.D. (1908) notes that the word was pronounced with stress on the second syllable until the mid 19th cent. 1. A reason put forward to conceal one's real purpose or object; a pretended motivation for a selfish or criminal act; an excuse or pretence. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > motive > specious motive or pretext coloura1393 coverturec1440 pretexta1535 pretencea1538 stalking-horse1579 stale1580 face1647 stooping-horse1659 stall1851 a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 58/1 The deuise of some conuenient pretext, for which the peple should be content, to depose the prince. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 988 We may coulor it with some pretext. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xl. 255 A pretext..to discharge themselves of their obedience. 1681 Whole Duty of Nations 59 Things that have only the thin pretexts of Antiquity to give them some venerableness. 1736 G. Berkeley Querist: Pt. II (new ed.) §80 Such Cash should not be liable to Seizure on any Pretext. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 121 Public benefit would soon become the pretext, and perfidy and murder the end. View more context for this quotation 1842 Ld. Tennyson Gardener's Daughter in Poems (new ed.) II. 28 Henceforward squall nor storm Could keep me from that Eden where she dwelt. Light pretexts drew me. 1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spiritual World (1884) 89 To sit down on the outermost edge of the Holy Ground on the pretext of taking off their shoes. 1942 E. Paul Narrow Street xv. 108 It was no new thing to the French to have undesirables railroaded and executed on one flimsy pretext or another. 1996 E. Afr. Standard (Nairobi) 23 May 1/5 The Head of State said the Government would not give in to criminals under the pretext of protecting human rights. 2005 Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nexis) 30 Oct. d2 Officials within the Bush administration disclosed Plame's identity as part of an effort to discredit Wilson's criticism of one of the pretexts for war against Iraq. †2. An asserted claim or pretension (to a title, etc.). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > claiming as due or right > claim or a demand for something as due challengec1314 claim1393 oncalla1400 acclaim1546 pretext1591 plea1598 pretendence1603 pretendment1642 1591 in A. I. Cameron Warrender Papers (1932) II. 161 [He has neither] a titill to grace his pretex [nor command of the resources of the realm to prosecute his claim]. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. iii. 139 Humbly praying that his life might bee spared, in policie of State; for whilest hee lived, his brother Iohn could not make any pretext to the Earledome. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † pretextadj.n.² Forms: 1500s pretext, 1500s–1600s praetext. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin praetextus, praetexta. Etymology: As adjective < classical Latin praetextus, past participle of praetexere to edge, border (see pretex v.), after specific use in toga praetexta (see praetexta n.). As noun < classical Latin praetexta praetexta n. Compare Middle French pretexte , noun (1355; French prétexte ). Compare praetexta n. N.E.D. (1908) also gave a sense ‘Of a person: Wearing the prætexta’, but this was apparently based only on the reading of a 19th-cent. edition of the work cited in quot. 1657 at pretextate adj. Roman History. Obsolete. rare. A. adj. Bordered, edged, or fringed. Only in † pretext gown n. Obsolete = praetexta n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > robe or gown > types of > toga > types of pretext gown1533 pretext1598 toga praetexta1600 toga virīlis1600 trabea1600 praetexta1601 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. iii. 25 Be exempill of þir Ethruschis þe sadill currill and þe pretext govne [L. toga praetexta], with mony vthir ornamentis..war brocht vp in rome. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome ii. xxiii. 224 Þe ornamentis consulare, þat is to say, þe axis, the sadill curall, the pretext govne [L. praetextam]. B. n.² = praetexta n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > robe or gown > types of > toga > types of pretext gown1533 pretext1598 toga praetexta1600 toga virīlis1600 trabea1600 praetexta1601 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales i. i. 2 His earnest desire was, they should be called Princes of youth, and chosen Consuls elect, before they had cast off their prætext or infants garments [L. puerili praetexta]. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xii. ix. 167 Britannicus in his pretext [L. in praetexta], and Nero in triumphing attire. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2020). pretextv. Brit. /priːˈtɛkst/, U.S. /priˈtɛkst/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pretext n.¹ Etymology: < pretext n.¹ In sense 1 after classical Latin praetexere pretex v. Compare French prétexter to take as a pretext (1566 in Middle French), Spanish pretextar (1537 in an apparently isolated attestation; subsequently from 1695), Italian pretestare (1641; rare), pretessere (see pretex v.). Compare earlier pretex v., pretexted adj.¹ †1. transitive. = pretex v. 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)] heeleOE forhelec888 i-hedec888 dernc893 hidec897 wryOE behelec1000 behidec1000 bewryc1000 forhidec1000 overheleOE hilla1250 fealc1325 cover1340 forcover1382 blinda1400 hulsterc1400 overclosec1400 concealc1425 shroud1426 blend1430 close1430 shadow1436 obumber?1440 mufflea1450 alaynec1450 mew?c1450 purloin1461 to keep close?1471 oversilec1478 bewrap1481 supprime1490 occulta1500 silec1500 smoor1513 shadec1530 skleir1532 oppressa1538 hudder-mudder1544 pretex1548 lap?c1550 absconce1570 to steek away1575 couch1577 recondite1578 huddle1581 mew1581 enshrine1582 enshroud1582 mask1582 veil1582 abscondc1586 smotherc1592 blot1593 sheathe1594 immask1595 secret1595 bemist1598 palliate1598 hoodwinka1600 overmaska1600 hugger1600 obscure1600 upwrap1600 undisclose1601 disguise1605 screen1611 underfold1612 huke1613 eclipsea1616 encavea1616 ensconcea1616 obscurify1622 cloud1623 inmewa1625 beclouda1631 pretext1634 covert1647 sconce1652 tapisa1660 shun1661 sneak1701 overlay1719 secrete1741 blank1764 submerge1796 slur1813 wrap1817 buttress1820 stifle1820 disidentify1845 to stick away1900 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > present speciously [verb (transitive)] > conceal real state dissimulec1374 feigna1393 shroud1412 abuse?a1439 counterfeit1490 cloak1509 dissemblea1535 maska1593 dissimulate1610 disguisea1616 pretext1634 mascherate1654 veil1700 camouflage1917 1634 R. Stapylton tr. Virgil Dido & Aeneas sig. B6 Now she meditates stolne loue, Wedlooke she calst', pretexting with that name Her fault [L. hoc praetexit nomine culpam]. 2. transitive. To use or put forward (a reason) as a pretext or excuse; to pretend, feign. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > serve as a motive for > use as a pretext for > use as a pretext pretendc1485 portenda1500 pretex1545 pretext1749 1749 T. Edwards Sonn. in Coll. Poems Several Hands IV. 119 O never let ambition's pride (Too oft pretexted [ed. 2, (1748) pretexed] with our country's good)..Or thirst of wealth thee from her banks divide. a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George II (1822) I. 378 A decency was observed, and conscience always pretexted. 1849 J. Pardoe Court & Reign Francis I II. xiv. 377 He retraced his steps to the Rue de Fer; where, pretexting business he entered the shop of the armourer. 1885 Eng. Illustr. Mag. 3 241 Pretexting a sprained wrist as excuse for a strange hand. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage lv. 284 Pretexting an appointment one afternoon, for he was not a little ashamed of his weakness, he..went straight to the shop. 1925 A. Huxley Those Barren Leaves iv. vi. 317 Mrs. Aldwinkle pretexted a headache and sent her to bed almost at once. 1988 Summary of World Broadcasts (B.B.C. Nexis) 27 May iii. FE/0162/A1/1 The Vatican representative pretexted ‘technical reasons’ to delay his visit to Vietnam. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : pre-textn.³ < n.¹a1535adj.n.²1533v.1634 see also
随便看	reproceand reprocess reprocessed reprocesses reprocessing reprocessing facility reprocessing plant reprocing reproclaim reproclamation reprocurable reprocure reprocuring reproduce reproduceable reproduced reproducer reproducers reproduces reproducibilities reproducibility reproducible reproducibles reproducibly reproducing

pretextn.1

† pretextadj.n.2

pretextv.

> see also

pretextn.¹

† pretextadj.n.²