principallyadv.

Brit.

/ˈprɪnsᵻpl̩i/,

/ˈprɪnsᵻp(ə)li/, U.S.

/ˈprɪnsəp(ə)li/

Forms: Middle English princepally, Middle English princepaly, Middle English principali, Middle English principaliche, Middle English principalli, Middle English principallich, Middle English principalliche, Middle English principaly, Middle English princypally, Middle English princypaly, Middle English prinsepally, Middle English prinsipally (in a late copy), Middle English prinspaly, Middle English pryncepaly, Middle English pryncipaly, Middle English pryncypale, Middle English pryncypaly, Middle English–1500s principallye, Middle English–1500s pryncipally, Middle English–1500s pryncypally, Middle English– principally, 1600s principallie; Scottish pre-1700 princepaly, pre-1700 princiepallie, pre-1700 principalie, pre-1700 principallie, pre-1700 principaly, pre-1700 principillie, pre-1700 prinspaly, pre-1700 pryncipaly, pre-1700 1700s– principally.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: principal adj., -ly suffix².

Etymology: < principal adj. + -ly suffix², probably partly after Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French principalement (end of the 12th cent. in Old French as principalment). Compare Spanish principalmente (late 13th cent. or earlier), Italian principalmente (beginning of the 14th cent.).

a. In the chief or first place; above all; pre-eminently.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [adverb]

highlyOE

overalla1225

with the firstc1300

principally1340

principalc1390

in principala1393

chiefly14..

ratherestc1400

rathestc1400

primarily1587

kat' exochen1588

paravant1590

pre-eminently1590

primely1610

cardinally1631

transeminently1642

paramountly1798

par eminence1823

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 26 (MED) Fole ypocrites..doþ manie penonces..principalliche uor þe los [= fame] of þe wordle.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 87 Þis euel comeþ principalliche of bloode and secundarili of flewme and melancolia.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 35^v (MED) Of þis principaly shal it be said here.

c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 39 (MED) Eche of þe outward wittis..schulde knowe..how fer..his obiect is from him..þat is to seie, þe þing which is principali knowen bi þe same witt.

a1500 Gregorius (Rawl.) (1914) 125 (MED) Vpon his tablys was prinsepally his þouȝt [v.r. al his þouȝt].

1574 T. Hill Ord. Bees vi Of all cloven beasts the bees are principally to be cherished.

1624 Duke of Buckingham Let. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 180 For manie waightie considerations, but principally this.

1677 J. Dryden Authors Apol. Heroique Poetry in State Innocence Pref. sig. b^v They wholly mistake the Nature of Criticism, who think its business is principally to find fault.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. i. 8 It was not principally intended for the enrichment of the Agents.

1796 R. Bage Hermsprong III. ii. 12 They..hired the Arethuse; principally because Germersheim's vessel..could not accommodate the ladies, so well as was desired.

1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. 5 Creative literary genius does not principally show itself in discovering new ideas; that is rather the business of the philosopher.

1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest iii. §41 My steady habit of always looking for the subject principally, and for the art only as the means of expressing it.

1926 J. Buchan Dancing Floor vii. 132 Your argument thinks principally of me, not of Miss Arabin. It is she who matters.

1990 A. Brookner Brief Lives v. 41 Julia was a dedicated woman. She was dedicated principally to herself.

†b. By way of main division; as main parts. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 50 (MED) Þeruore him to-delþ þe ilke zenne in tuo deles principalliche.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 433 (MED) Alle mans lyfe casten may be Principaly in þis partes thre..Bygynnyng, midward, and endyng.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 967 (MED) Twa worldes er principaly to shewe, Þat þe elementes and al þe hevens Contenes.

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 170 Its Mechanism consists principally in two parts, that is, first its two Claws,..and secondly, two Palms.

†c. In the first place; first of all; originally. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adverb]

principally1389

radically?1495

primitively1581

underivedly1644

the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] > at first, originally, or primitively

principally1389

forthmostc1450

primarily1601

primordially1603

primitively1607

originarily1610

fontallya1617

originallya1620

primevallya1711

at or after the first brush1815

archetypally1854

1389 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 51 (MED) Þese ben þe four dayes of our assembles: The day of seint Fabian & sebastian principaliche..The seconde day, þe sonday next after Pask, [etc.].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 880 (MED) Of þis gult here Is she to wite þat is my fere, For principaly she bed hit me.

1451 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 46 (MED) I will principaly that my dettys be qwyt & acordid with.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 117 (MED) Summe names..ben attribute principally to God and essencially, and to men aftir by participacion.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 5 Ruines of a very large Hermitage and principally welle buildid but a late discoverid and suppressid.

†2. To a special or marked degree; especially. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adverb]

hurec893

sunderlyeOE

highlyOE

namelya1200

sunderlepesa1200

sunderlepea1225

specialc1230

specially1340

serelya1375

principallyc1390

especially?a1400

rathestc1400

singularlyc1430

selfly1503

singular1530

enspecial1534

inespecially1557

nearly1560

peculiarly1561

inespecial1569

especial1591

speciouslya1616

nominately1641

chief1645

perpendicularly1658

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > in the greatest degree or most > in or to the highest degree

principallyc1390

speciallya1425

consummately1529

extremelya1533

out1555

pre-eminently1590

superlatively1596

supremely1597

supereminently1610

super-superlatively1632

ad extremum1640

highest1726

supernally1874

c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 238 We shul vnderstonde this principally: that whan we doon dedly synne, it is for noght thanne to reherce..the goode werkes that we han wroght.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 184 If þou wolt worche more stronglich..& principaly if he be a riche man.

c1450 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Lichfield) (1976) i. 48 (MED) All pore and nedy muste be holpen by almesse, but prinspaly wylful pore.

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) in Centaurus (1968) 12 224 (MED) Manye skiles þer ben why, But þre ben principaly.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 121 Whan she sawe theym so blacke and soo hidous, and pryncypally Reynawde.

1560 Ld. Montague tr. J. Fisher Godlie Treat. Prayer sig. D6^v There be three sortes of fruites principallye growyng vnto man by prayer.

1647 J. Saltmarsh Sparkles of Glory (1847) 89 To administer Peace and Judgment to the world..and more principally to his people in the flesh.

3. For the most or greater part; in most cases; in the main; mostly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > in general [phrase] > for the most part

for the more party1372

for (also be, in) the most part (also deal, party)a1387

for the more partc1405

for (the) most partc1405

much dealc1425

in substancea1450

for the mostc1531

in (also for) the generality1580

for the general1581

in (also for, on, upon) the maina1591

largely1594

principally1600

in chiefa1616

mainly1640

nine times (parts, etc.) out of (also in, of) ten1648

greatly1742

as a rule1828

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xlix. 535 These kindes of cyders are made principally of the apples called small ruddocke.

1640 J. Smyth Prov. (1885) III. 31 The fall of rotten sheepe is principally in February or March.

1741 P. Tailfer et al. Narr. Georgia 107 Augusta..is principally if not altogether, inhabited by Indian Traders and Store-keepers.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 178 The species on board her was inconsiderable, being principally small silver money.

?a1775 W. Bartram Trav. Georgia & Florida in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1943) 33 138/1 This is call'd Buffiloe grass, from the Buffiloe's feeding principally on it when they frequented this part of the country.

1819 C. Grotz Art of making Fireworks 19 Put your serpents principally in the front.

1831 H. T. De la Beche Geol. Man. vi. 323 Camerated shells..have been principally discovered in these rocks of central Italy.

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation ii. xiii. 375 Those who subsist wholly or principally on incomes derived from the state or from taxes.

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. (1870) vii. 268 The astronomer, to make observations on his sphere of observation merely, makes use principally either of a sextant or an altazimuth.

1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) x. 87 The Huronian rocks are principally gray and green quartzites, schists, slates, crystalline limestones, conglomerates, and beds of iron ore.

1988 Antiquity 62 768/1 In Etruria, inscriptions should be studied principally against this cultural and spatial background.

2002 P. Baines & A. Haslam Type & Typogr. iii. 38/1 Capital..letters are principally constructed between two parallel lines: the baseline and the cap-height.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	principally
释义	principallyadv. Brit. /ˈprɪnsᵻpl̩i/, /ˈprɪnsᵻp(ə)li/, U.S. /ˈprɪnsəp(ə)li/ Forms: Middle English princepally, Middle English princepaly, Middle English principali, Middle English principaliche, Middle English principalli, Middle English principallich, Middle English principalliche, Middle English principaly, Middle English princypally, Middle English princypaly, Middle English prinsepally, Middle English prinsipally (in a late copy), Middle English prinspaly, Middle English pryncepaly, Middle English pryncipaly, Middle English pryncypale, Middle English pryncypaly, Middle English–1500s principallye, Middle English–1500s pryncipally, Middle English–1500s pryncypally, Middle English– principally, 1600s principallie; Scottish pre-1700 princepaly, pre-1700 princiepallie, pre-1700 principalie, pre-1700 principallie, pre-1700 principaly, pre-1700 principillie, pre-1700 prinspaly, pre-1700 pryncipaly, pre-1700 1700s– principally. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: principal adj., -ly suffix². Etymology: < principal adj. + -ly suffix², probably partly after Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French principalement (end of the 12th cent. in Old French as principalment). Compare Spanish principalmente (late 13th cent. or earlier), Italian principalmente (beginning of the 14th cent.). 1. a. In the chief or first place; above all; pre-eminently. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [adverb] highlyOE overalla1225 with the firstc1300 principally1340 principalc1390 in principala1393 chiefly14.. ratherestc1400 rathestc1400 primarily1587 kat' exochen1588 paravant1590 pre-eminently1590 primely1610 cardinally1631 transeminently1642 paramountly1798 par eminence1823 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 26 (MED) Fole ypocrites..doþ manie penonces..principalliche uor þe los [= fame] of þe wordle. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 87 Þis euel comeþ principalliche of bloode and secundarili of flewme and melancolia. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 35^v (MED) Of þis principaly shal it be said here. c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 39 (MED) Eche of þe outward wittis..schulde knowe..how fer..his obiect is from him..þat is to seie, þe þing which is principali knowen bi þe same witt. a1500 Gregorius (Rawl.) (1914) 125 (MED) Vpon his tablys was prinsepally his þouȝt [v.r. al his þouȝt]. 1574 T. Hill Ord. Bees vi Of all cloven beasts the bees are principally to be cherished. 1624 Duke of Buckingham Let. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 180 For manie waightie considerations, but principally this. 1677 J. Dryden Authors Apol. Heroique Poetry in State Innocence Pref. sig. b^v They wholly mistake the Nature of Criticism, who think its business is principally to find fault. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. i. 8 It was not principally intended for the enrichment of the Agents. 1796 R. Bage Hermsprong III. ii. 12 They..hired the Arethuse; principally because Germersheim's vessel..could not accommodate the ladies, so well as was desired. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. 5 Creative literary genius does not principally show itself in discovering new ideas; that is rather the business of the philosopher. 1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest iii. §41 My steady habit of always looking for the subject principally, and for the art only as the means of expressing it. 1926 J. Buchan Dancing Floor vii. 132 Your argument thinks principally of me, not of Miss Arabin. It is she who matters. 1990 A. Brookner Brief Lives v. 41 Julia was a dedicated woman. She was dedicated principally to herself. †b. By way of main division; as main parts. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 50 (MED) Þeruore him to-delþ þe ilke zenne in tuo deles principalliche. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 433 (MED) Alle mans lyfe casten may be Principaly in þis partes thre..Bygynnyng, midward, and endyng. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 967 (MED) Twa worldes er principaly to shewe, Þat þe elementes and al þe hevens Contenes. 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 170 Its Mechanism consists principally in two parts, that is, first its two Claws,..and secondly, two Palms. †c. In the first place; first of all; originally. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adverb] principally1389 radically?1495 primitively1581 underivedly1644 the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] > at first, originally, or primitively principally1389 forthmostc1450 primarily1601 primordially1603 primitively1607 originarily1610 fontallya1617 originallya1620 primevallya1711 at or after the first brush1815 archetypally1854 1389 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 51 (MED) Þese ben þe four dayes of our assembles: The day of seint Fabian & sebastian principaliche..The seconde day, þe sonday next after Pask, [etc.]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 880 (MED) Of þis gult here Is she to wite þat is my fere, For principaly she bed hit me. 1451 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 46 (MED) I will principaly that my dettys be qwyt & acordid with. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 117 (MED) Summe names..ben attribute principally to God and essencially, and to men aftir by participacion. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 5 Ruines of a very large Hermitage and principally welle buildid but a late discoverid and suppressid. †2. To a special or marked degree; especially. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adverb] hurec893 sunderlyeOE highlyOE namelya1200 sunderlepesa1200 sunderlepea1225 specialc1230 specially1340 specially1340 serelya1375 principallyc1390 especially?a1400 rathestc1400 singularlyc1430 selfly1503 singular1530 enspecial1534 inespecially1557 nearly1560 peculiarly1561 inespecial1569 especial1591 speciouslya1616 nominately1641 chief1645 perpendicularly1658 the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > in the greatest degree or most > in or to the highest degree principallyc1390 speciallya1425 consummately1529 extremelya1533 out1555 pre-eminently1590 superlatively1596 supremely1597 supereminently1610 super-superlatively1632 ad extremum1640 highest1726 supernally1874 c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 238 We shul vnderstonde this principally: that whan we doon dedly synne, it is for noght thanne to reherce..the goode werkes that we han wroght. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 184 If þou wolt worche more stronglich..& principaly if he be a riche man. c1450 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Lichfield) (1976) i. 48 (MED) All pore and nedy muste be holpen by almesse, but prinspaly wylful pore. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) in Centaurus (1968) 12 224 (MED) Manye skiles þer ben why, But þre ben principaly. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 121 Whan she sawe theym so blacke and soo hidous, and pryncypally Reynawde. 1560 Ld. Montague tr. J. Fisher Godlie Treat. Prayer sig. D6^v There be three sortes of fruites principallye growyng vnto man by prayer. 1647 J. Saltmarsh Sparkles of Glory (1847) 89 To administer Peace and Judgment to the world..and more principally to his people in the flesh. 3. For the most or greater part; in most cases; in the main; mostly. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > in general [phrase] > for the most part for the more party1372 for (also be, in) the most part (also deal, party)a1387 for the more partc1405 for (the) most partc1405 much dealc1425 in substancea1450 for the mostc1531 in (also for) the generality1580 for the general1581 in (also for, on, upon) the maina1591 largely1594 principally1600 in chiefa1616 mainly1640 nine times (parts, etc.) out of (also in, of) ten1648 greatly1742 as a rule1828 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xlix. 535 These kindes of cyders are made principally of the apples called small ruddocke. 1640 J. Smyth Prov. (1885) III. 31 The fall of rotten sheepe is principally in February or March. 1741 P. Tailfer et al. Narr. Georgia 107 Augusta..is principally if not altogether, inhabited by Indian Traders and Store-keepers. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 178 The species on board her was inconsiderable, being principally small silver money. ?a1775 W. Bartram Trav. Georgia & Florida in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1943) 33 138/1 This is call'd Buffiloe grass, from the Buffiloe's feeding principally on it when they frequented this part of the country. 1819 C. Grotz Art of making Fireworks 19 Put your serpents principally in the front. 1831 H. T. De la Beche Geol. Man. vi. 323 Camerated shells..have been principally discovered in these rocks of central Italy. 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation ii. xiii. 375 Those who subsist wholly or principally on incomes derived from the state or from taxes. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. (1870) vii. 268 The astronomer, to make observations on his sphere of observation merely, makes use principally either of a sextant or an altazimuth. 1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) x. 87 The Huronian rocks are principally gray and green quartzites, schists, slates, crystalline limestones, conglomerates, and beds of iron ore. 1988 Antiquity 62 768/1 In Etruria, inscriptions should be studied principally against this cultural and spatial background. 2002 P. Baines & A. Haslam Type & Typogr. iii. 38/1 Capital..letters are principally constructed between two parallel lines: the baseline and the cap-height. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.1340
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