prionn.¹

Brit.

/ˈprʌɪən/, U.S.

/ˈpraɪˌɑn/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Prion.

Etymology: < scientific Latin Prion, former genus name ( B. G. E. de la V. de Lacépède Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux (1799) 14) < ancient Greek πρίων a saw < πρίειν to saw, of unknown origin + -ων, suffix forming nouns. Compare French Prion (1799 in Lacépède, in the same work).

Any of various small petrels of the genus Pachyptila (formerly called Prion; family Procellariidae), found in southern seas and having the bill fringed with lamellae that are used to sieve planktonic animals from the surface water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Procellariiformes > [noun] > member of family Procellariidae (petrel) > member of genus Pachyptila (prion)

whale-bird1771

prion1848

fairy prion1885

1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. VII. 54 (heading) Dove-like Prion.

1879 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 168 104 Occasionally old burrows of Prion and Halobæna are occupied by sheathbills.

1901 A. J. Campbell Nests & Eggs Austral. Birds II. 917 Mr Travers frequently found these Prions caught in the branches of scrubby trees.

1959 New Biol. 29 112 The prions owe their survival to the fact that they are only active at night, thereby avoiding the skuas' attack.

1995 Daily Tel. 20 Oct. 7/2 Mrs Alexander waited for a tiny Antarctic prion to fly past to complete her triangular composition.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

prionn.²

Brit.

/ˈpriːɒn/,

/ˈprʌɪən/, U.S.

/ˈpriˌɑn/,

/ˈpraɪˌɑn/

Origin: Formed within English, as an acronym. Etymon: English proteinaceous infectious particle.

Etymology: < (a rearrangement of) the initial letters of proteinaceous infectious particle, perhaps after virion n.

Molecular Biology and Medicine.

An abnormally folded, protease-resistant protein which forms aggregates in the brain in the spongiform encephalopathies and certain other neurodegenerative disorders, can be transmitted between individuals, and is thought to propagate itself by inducing the abnormal conformation in a normal form of the protein. Later also: the normally folded form of this protein, a mammalian membrane protein found esp. in neurons; any of various other proteins which can be transmitted between individuals and can undergo an induced conformational change.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun] > infectious particle

prion1982

1982 Daily Tel. 22 Feb. 15/7 Dr Prusiner..believes the prion may be the cause of illnesses formerly blamed on ‘slow viruses’... Diseases in this category..include Parkinson's disease, diabetes melitus and rheumatoid arthritis.

1982 S. B. Prusiner in Science 9 Apr. 141/3 Because the dominant characteristics of the scrapie agent resemble those of a protein, an acronym is introduced to emphasize this feature. In place of such terms as ‘unconventional virus’ or ‘unusual slow virus-like agent’, the term ‘prion’ (pronounced pree-on) is suggested.

1987 C. A. Clarke Human Genetics & Med. (ed. 3) xii. 99 Scrapie..is caused by an organism containing neither DNA nor RNA and called a prion.

1996 Japan Times 29 Apr. 12/8 It also suggests that sheep prions and human prions are different—too different for a scrapie prion to be able to convert the normal human prion protein into a rogue form that might cause CJD.

2003 Science 9 May 919/3 The ‘father’ of yeast prions, Reed Wickner (NIH), argued that the definition of prion should be expanded to include any protein responsible for its own activation that is also transmissible from individual to individual (for example, protease B in yeast).

Compounds

prion protein n. = prion n.²; abbreviated PrP.

ΚΠ

1982 S. B. Prusiner in Science 9 Apr. 142/2 (table) Possible mechanisms of prion replication... [Prions may] activate transcription of host genes coding for prion protein.

1989 Brain 112 1117 It has been established that there are two isoforms of prion protein. PrP^C is a component of normal cells while PrP^Sc is resistant to protein kinase K, presumptively because of posttranslational modification.

2001 Daily Tel. 14 Aug. 9/2 Variant CJD is thought to be caused by misfolded versions of normal prion proteins.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prion
释义	prionn.¹ Brit. /ˈprʌɪən/, U.S. /ˈpraɪˌɑn/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Prion. Etymology: < scientific Latin Prion, former genus name ( B. G. E. de la V. de Lacépède Tableaux méthodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux (1799) 14) < ancient Greek πρίων a saw < πρίειν to saw, of unknown origin + -ων, suffix forming nouns. Compare French Prion (1799 in Lacépède, in the same work). Any of various small petrels of the genus Pachyptila (formerly called Prion; family Procellariidae), found in southern seas and having the bill fringed with lamellae that are used to sieve planktonic animals from the surface water. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Procellariiformes > [noun] > member of family Procellariidae (petrel) > member of genus Pachyptila (prion) whale-bird1771 prion1848 fairy prion1885 1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. VII. 54 (heading) Dove-like Prion. 1879 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 168 104 Occasionally old burrows of Prion and Halobæna are occupied by sheathbills. 1901 A. J. Campbell Nests & Eggs Austral. Birds II. 917 Mr Travers frequently found these Prions caught in the branches of scrubby trees. 1959 New Biol. 29 112 The prions owe their survival to the fact that they are only active at night, thereby avoiding the skuas' attack. 1995 Daily Tel. 20 Oct. 7/2 Mrs Alexander waited for a tiny Antarctic prion to fly past to complete her triangular composition. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). prionn.² Brit. /ˈpriːɒn/, /ˈprʌɪən/, U.S. /ˈpriˌɑn/, /ˈpraɪˌɑn/ Origin: Formed within English, as an acronym. Etymon: English proteinaceous infectious particle. Etymology: < (a rearrangement of) the initial letters of proteinaceous infectious particle, perhaps after virion n. Molecular Biology and Medicine. An abnormally folded, protease-resistant protein which forms aggregates in the brain in the spongiform encephalopathies and certain other neurodegenerative disorders, can be transmitted between individuals, and is thought to propagate itself by inducing the abnormal conformation in a normal form of the protein. Later also: the normally folded form of this protein, a mammalian membrane protein found esp. in neurons; any of various other proteins which can be transmitted between individuals and can undergo an induced conformational change. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun] > infectious particle prion1982 1982 Daily Tel. 22 Feb. 15/7 Dr Prusiner..believes the prion may be the cause of illnesses formerly blamed on ‘slow viruses’... Diseases in this category..include Parkinson's disease, diabetes melitus and rheumatoid arthritis. 1982 S. B. Prusiner in Science 9 Apr. 141/3 Because the dominant characteristics of the scrapie agent resemble those of a protein, an acronym is introduced to emphasize this feature. In place of such terms as ‘unconventional virus’ or ‘unusual slow virus-like agent’, the term ‘prion’ (pronounced pree-on) is suggested. 1987 C. A. Clarke Human Genetics & Med. (ed. 3) xii. 99 Scrapie..is caused by an organism containing neither DNA nor RNA and called a prion. 1996 Japan Times 29 Apr. 12/8 It also suggests that sheep prions and human prions are different—too different for a scrapie prion to be able to convert the normal human prion protein into a rogue form that might cause CJD. 2003 Science 9 May 919/3 The ‘father’ of yeast prions, Reed Wickner (NIH), argued that the definition of prion should be expanded to include any protein responsible for its own activation that is also transmissible from individual to individual (for example, protease B in yeast). Compounds prion protein n. = prion n.²; abbreviated PrP. ΚΠ 1982 S. B. Prusiner in Science 9 Apr. 142/2 (table) Possible mechanisms of prion replication... [Prions may] activate transcription of host genes coding for prion protein. 1989 Brain 112 1117 It has been established that there are two isoforms of prion protein. PrP^C is a component of normal cells while PrP^Sc is resistant to protein kinase K, presumptively because of posttranslational modification. 2001 Daily Tel. 14 Aug. 9/2 Variant CJD is thought to be caused by misfolded versions of normal prion proteins. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1848n.²1982
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prionn.1

prionn.2

Compounds

prionn.¹

prionn.²