propenseadj.

Brit.

/prə(ʊ)ˈpɛns/, U.S.

/prəˈpɛns/,

/proʊˈpɛns/

Forms: 1500s propeus (Scottish, transmission error), 1500s–1600s propence, 1500s– propense.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin prōpēnsus.

Etymology: < classical Latin prōpēnsus weighed down, inclined, sloping, disposed, tending, ready, eager, willing, favourable, use as adjective of past participle of prōpendēre propend v. With sense 1 compare Middle French, French †propense (1557), Italian propenso (1581), both in same sense. Sense 2 apparently arose by confusion with prepense v., prepense adj., purpense v., purpensed adj.; compare discussion at pro- prefix¹.

1. Chiefly predicative.

a. That has an inclination to or towards a particular action, habit, quality, etc.; that has a propensity to do something; disposed, inclined. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [adjective] > inclined

set13..

tendenta1340

disposedc1380

enclinant1400

inclining?c1400

inclinedc1405

prone1408

hieldingc1480

talenteda1500

inclinablea1513

prone1528

propense1528

minded1529

propensed1530

ready1533

proclivec1540

fit1574

tending to1578

forward1581

minded1588

propensive1599

intense1620

propendenta1646

propended1693

calculated1723

oriented1925

prone1926

turned1931

orientated1964

1528 E. Foxe in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. liii. 143 His holiness was..much propence to satisfy his majesty therein.

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. ii. 86 A manne of nature somwhat to propense to the desier of glorie.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius ii. f. 251^v The hardnes and peruersenes of the hart, wherewith we are made prone and propense to wickednes.

1659 T. Lushington Recantation Serm. in Resurrection Rescued 91 A propense and earnest concurrence jointly to prosecute the same good.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 455 Feeble hearts, propense anough before To waver, or fall off and joyn with Idols.

1756 S. Johnson Mem. King of Prussia in Lit. Mag. Nov.–Dec. 383 He appears always propense towards the side of mercy.

1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. iii. i. 63 The holiest men in all ages have been propense to this indulgence.

1830 J. Foster Let. 31 Dec. in Life & Corr. J. Foster (1846) II. 191 I am..little..capable of forming..new friendships;..I have never been propense to contract them.

1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness xii. 111 Certain forms of sin to which all persons of strong passions..are naturally propense.

1929 E. H. Visiak Medusa xxii. 276 I am by nature propense to engage in bodily toil and to endure hardness.

2005 Re: Mexico's Econ. & Illegal Immigration in alt.politics.immigration (Usenet newsgroup) 28 Apr. Uneducated, poor Anglos are less propense to crime than uneducated, poor Hispanics.

b. Inclined towards or biased in favour of a particular person, cause, etc.; well-disposed; partial. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > favour > [adjective] > favourably disposed

favourable1340

pleasantc1350

propense?1534

good disposed1553

well-affectioned1561

well-affected?1563

well-conceited1592

propensive1599

conceited1612

well-set1632

well-disposed1660

?1534 tr. Dialoge Julius sig. d.iii^v Suche prynces & gouernours as I perceyued propense & bowyng towarde our pretenced factions and sedycions.

1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 278^v With propense and frendly persuasions, he exhorted Basilius to acknowleage the maiestie of the Romane churche.

1642 R. Watson Serm. Schisme 13 Men, saith he, erre, keeping no mean, and when they begin to be propense toward one part never regard other testimonies of Divine authority.

1670 J. Flamsteed Let. 16 July in Corr. (1995) I. 49 I feare he was partiall to Tycho because a Calvinist and propense to Claromontius.

a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George III (1845) III. iv. 96 However Rigby had charged Conway with being subservient to the Favorite, no man living was less propense to him.

1862 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 564 The writers betray..their double vision and their divided affinities, as propense on aesthetic grounds to ecclesiastical order, symbols, and traditions.

1912 Atlanta Constit. 14 July g2/2 A sensible conscience propense to its own interest, a good courtier and a shrewd wife have made many a duke of far poorer material than my John.

†c. Subject or susceptible to a physical influence. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [adjective] > inclined > to do something or towards some physical state

inclinedc1450

prone1561

subject1566

propense1568

inclininga1576

inclinable1590

partial1615

proclive1653

elective1796

1568 G. Skeyne Breue Descriptioun Pest i. sig. A3 Thingis, quhilkis makis ane man propense to becum Pestilential.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 108 His great yeares were more propense to ease then tumult.

1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharonnida iv. ii. 28 How to reconcile the fits Of feverish love, when being most propense To passions heat, a frost of abstinence Benums it to a Lethargy.

a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1885) 230 Things subject to exterior sense Are to mutation most propense.

2. Premeditated, deliberate, intentional; = prepense adj. 1. Chiefly as postmodifier, in malice propense. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > [adjective] > performed with intention

bethoughtc1200

expressa1400

wilfula1400

purposedc1422

purpensed1436

malice prepensed1454

aforethought1472

studiedc1475

setc1485

voluntary1495

deliberate?1527

willing1550

witting1553

propensed1560

fore-intendeda1586

affected1586

designed1586

determinate1586

intended1592

deliberated1594

uncasual1614

recollecteda1616

resolved1624

industriousa1628

intentionate1631

pre-intended1636

advised1642

malice prepense1647

sedentary1647

propense1650

consultive1651

(crime, evil, etc.) of forethought1692

conscious1726

intentionala1729

systematic1746

studious1750

systematical1750

prepensive1752

advertent1832

self-conscious1832

volitive1839

designful1852

purposeful1853

purposive1864

thought-controlled1926

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > criminal intent

purpensed malice1436

malice1454

malice prepensed1454

pretenced malice1483

scienter1618

malice prepense1647

malice propense1650

mala fides1693

malice prepended1833

mens rea1861

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [noun] > premeditated

purpensed malice1436

malice1454

malice prepensed1454

pretenced malice1483

malice prepense1647

malice propense1650

malice prepended1833

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis Ep. Ded. sig. A7 You will soon discern the propense malice of Satan in it.

1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. (a)^v [Statius] went out of his way, as it were on propense Malice to commit a Fault.

1699 Remarks Eminent Antimonarchical Authors iv. 464 This his Law makes it but Manslaughter where a person is kill'd without Malice Propense.

1745 J. Spateman War 5 Unthinking I did Hurt To you: Ye study Malice, and can act Murder propense, and glory in the Deed.

1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 33 Out of a murdering Design, and from a propense and premeditate Malice.

1787 R. Bage Fair Syrian I. 92 She heard the indictment with firm composure; at the words ‘malice propense’, and ‘aforethought’, ‘Oh no, no,’ says she.

1805 B. Hofland Poems 106 Ne'er wake those ills propense Which oft the Christian's yielding heart ensnare.

1908 Times 4 Mar. 14/4 One is tempted to believe that the composer, of malice propense, made the passages easy enough to attract all,..while he locked away the deeper secrets.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	propense
释义	propenseadj. Brit. /prə(ʊ)ˈpɛns/, U.S. /prəˈpɛns/, /proʊˈpɛns/ Forms: 1500s propeus (Scottish, transmission error), 1500s–1600s propence, 1500s– propense. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin prōpēnsus. Etymology: < classical Latin prōpēnsus weighed down, inclined, sloping, disposed, tending, ready, eager, willing, favourable, use as adjective of past participle of prōpendēre propend v. With sense 1 compare Middle French, French †propense (1557), Italian propenso (1581), both in same sense. Sense 2 apparently arose by confusion with prepense v., prepense adj., purpense v., purpensed adj.; compare discussion at pro- prefix¹. 1. Chiefly predicative. a. That has an inclination to or towards a particular action, habit, quality, etc.; that has a propensity to do something; disposed, inclined. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [adjective] > inclined set13.. tendenta1340 disposedc1380 enclinant1400 inclining?c1400 inclinedc1405 prone1408 hieldingc1480 talenteda1500 inclinablea1513 prone1528 propense1528 minded1529 propensed1530 ready1533 proclivec1540 fit1574 tending to1578 forward1581 minded1588 propensive1599 intense1620 propendenta1646 propended1693 calculated1723 oriented1925 prone1926 turned1931 orientated1964 1528 E. Foxe in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. liii. 143 His holiness was..much propence to satisfy his majesty therein. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. ii. 86 A manne of nature somwhat to propense to the desier of glorie. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius ii. f. 251^v The hardnes and peruersenes of the hart, wherewith we are made prone and propense to wickednes. 1659 T. Lushington Recantation Serm. in Resurrection Rescued 91 A propense and earnest concurrence jointly to prosecute the same good. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 455 Feeble hearts, propense anough before To waver, or fall off and joyn with Idols. View more context for this quotation 1756 S. Johnson Mem. King of Prussia in Lit. Mag. Nov.–Dec. 383 He appears always propense towards the side of mercy. 1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. iii. i. 63 The holiest men in all ages have been propense to this indulgence. 1830 J. Foster Let. 31 Dec. in Life & Corr. J. Foster (1846) II. 191 I am..little..capable of forming..new friendships;..I have never been propense to contract them. 1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness xii. 111 Certain forms of sin to which all persons of strong passions..are naturally propense. 1929 E. H. Visiak Medusa xxii. 276 I am by nature propense to engage in bodily toil and to endure hardness. 2005 Re: Mexico's Econ. & Illegal Immigration in alt.politics.immigration (Usenet newsgroup) 28 Apr. Uneducated, poor Anglos are less propense to crime than uneducated, poor Hispanics. b. Inclined towards or biased in favour of a particular person, cause, etc.; well-disposed; partial. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > favour > [adjective] > favourably disposed favourable1340 pleasantc1350 propense?1534 good disposed1553 well-affectioned1561 well-affected?1563 well-conceited1592 propensive1599 conceited1612 well-set1632 well-disposed1660 ?1534 tr. Dialoge Julius sig. d.iii^v Suche prynces & gouernours as I perceyued propense & bowyng towarde our pretenced factions and sedycions. 1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 278^v With propense and frendly persuasions, he exhorted Basilius to acknowleage the maiestie of the Romane churche. 1642 R. Watson Serm. Schisme 13 Men, saith he, erre, keeping no mean, and when they begin to be propense toward one part never regard other testimonies of Divine authority. 1670 J. Flamsteed Let. 16 July in Corr. (1995) I. 49 I feare he was partiall to Tycho because a Calvinist and propense to Claromontius. a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George III (1845) III. iv. 96 However Rigby had charged Conway with being subservient to the Favorite, no man living was less propense to him. 1862 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 564 The writers betray..their double vision and their divided affinities, as propense on aesthetic grounds to ecclesiastical order, symbols, and traditions. 1912 Atlanta Constit. 14 July g2/2 A sensible conscience propense to its own interest, a good courtier and a shrewd wife have made many a duke of far poorer material than my John. †c. Subject or susceptible to a physical influence. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [adjective] > inclined > to do something or towards some physical state inclinedc1450 prone1561 subject1566 propense1568 inclininga1576 inclinable1590 partial1615 proclive1653 elective1796 1568 G. Skeyne Breue Descriptioun Pest i. sig. A3 Thingis, quhilkis makis ane man propense to becum Pestilential. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 108 His great yeares were more propense to ease then tumult. 1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharonnida iv. ii. 28 How to reconcile the fits Of feverish love, when being most propense To passions heat, a frost of abstinence Benums it to a Lethargy. a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1885) 230 Things subject to exterior sense Are to mutation most propense. 2. Premeditated, deliberate, intentional; = prepense adj. 1. Chiefly as postmodifier, in malice propense. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [adjective] > performed with intention bethoughtc1200 expressa1400 wilfula1400 purposedc1422 purpensed1436 malice prepensed1454 aforethought1472 studiedc1475 setc1485 voluntary1495 deliberate?1527 willing1550 witting1553 propensed1560 fore-intendeda1586 affected1586 designed1586 determinate1586 intended1592 deliberated1594 uncasual1614 recollecteda1616 resolved1624 industriousa1628 intentionate1631 pre-intended1636 advised1642 malice prepense1647 sedentary1647 propense1650 consultive1651 (crime, evil, etc.) of forethought1692 conscious1726 intentionala1729 systematic1746 studious1750 systematical1750 prepensive1752 advertent1832 self-conscious1832 volitive1839 designful1852 purposeful1853 purposive1864 thought-controlled1926 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > criminal intent purpensed malice1436 malice1454 malice prepensed1454 pretenced malice1483 scienter1618 malice prepense1647 malice propense1650 mala fides1693 malice prepended1833 mens rea1861 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [noun] > premeditated purpensed malice1436 malice1454 malice prepensed1454 pretenced malice1483 malice prepense1647 malice propense1650 malice prepended1833 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis Ep. Ded. sig. A7 You will soon discern the propense malice of Satan in it. 1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. (a)^v [Statius] went out of his way, as it were on propense Malice to commit a Fault. 1699 Remarks Eminent Antimonarchical Authors iv. 464 This his Law makes it but Manslaughter where a person is kill'd without Malice Propense. 1745 J. Spateman War 5 Unthinking I did Hurt To you: Ye study Malice, and can act Murder propense, and glory in the Deed. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 33 Out of a murdering Design, and from a propense and premeditate Malice. 1787 R. Bage Fair Syrian I. 92 She heard the indictment with firm composure; at the words ‘malice propense’, and ‘aforethought’, ‘Oh no, no,’ says she. 1805 B. Hofland Poems 106 Ne'er wake those ills propense Which oft the Christian's yielding heart ensnare. 1908 Times 4 Mar. 14/4 One is tempted to believe that the composer, of malice propense, made the passages easy enough to attract all,..while he locked away the deeper secrets. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1528
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