provokev.

Brit.

/prəˈvəʊk/, U.S.

/prəˈvoʊk/,

/proʊˈvoʊk/

Forms: late Middle English provoce, late Middle English prowok, late Middle English–1600s prouoke, late Middle English– provoke, 1500s preuoke (perhaps transmission error), 1500s–1600s prouoake, 1500s–1600s provoake, 1600s provock; Scottish pre-1700 prouoc, pre-1700 prouocke, pre-1700 prouoic, pre-1700 prouoik, pre-1700 prouok, pre-1700 prouoke, pre-1700 prouook, pre-1700 provoake, pre-1700 provocat (past tense), pre-1700 provoicke, pre-1700 provoik, pre-1700 provoike, pre-1700 provok, pre-1700 provouck, pre-1700 prowock, pre-1700 prowoik, pre-1700 prowok, pre-1700 1700s provock, pre-1700 1700s– provoke.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French provoquer; Latin prōvocāre.

Etymology: < Middle French, French provoquer (13th cent. in Old French in this form; compare earlier Anglo-Norman purvocher , purvocer , purvucher , also Anglo-Norman provucher , Anglo-Norman and Old French (Walloon) provocher ) to incite, rouse (a person) by a challenge or appeal (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as purvocer ), to incite (a person) to violence (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as purvucher ), to produce, cause (in a medical context) (a1365), to be (voluntarily or not) the cause of something (second half of the 15th cent), and its etymon classical Latin prōvocāre to call forth, to challenge, to rouse, stir up, excite, to appeal < prō- pro- prefix¹ +vocāre to call (see vocate v.). Compare Old Occitan provocar (14th cent.), Catalan provocar (14th cent.), Spanish provocar (a1428), Portuguese provocar (15th cent.), Italian provocare (a1292).

I. Senses relating to incitement.

1. transitive. To incite or urge (a person or animal) to an action, state, etc.; to stimulate to action; to rouse, prompt, spur on. Chiefly with to or into (formerly †unto) or to do something. Also intransitive.In early use often in neutral or positive sense; later (under the influence of sense 3) frequently with some negative action or emotion as complement, as anger, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate

stirc897

putOE

sputc1175

prokec1225

prickc1230

commovec1374

baitc1378

stingc1386

movea1398

eager?a1400

pokec1400

provokea1425

tollc1440

cheera1450

irritec1450

encourage1483

incite1483

harden1487

attice1490

pricklea1522

to set on1523

incense1531

irritate1531

animate1532

tickle1532

stomach1541

instigate1542

concitea1555

upsteer1558

urge1565

instimulate1570

whip1573

goad1579

raise1581

to set upa1586

to call ona1592

incitate1597

indarec1599

alarm1602

exstimulate1603

to put on1604

feeze1610

impulse1611

fomentate1613

emovec1614

animalize1617

stimulate1619

spura1644

trinkle1685

cite1718

to put up1812

prod1832

to jack up1914

goose1934

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) 2 Cor. ix. 2 Ȝoure emulacyoun or loue has prouokyd manye to gyfe almesse to seyntes.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 45 (MED) Bothe Numetor and the ij breþer were prouokede in to the dethe off Amulius.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Heb. x. 24 Let vs consyder one another to provoke vnto love, and to good workes.

1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Lj^v With suche taunts and meritourned answers they provoke men to laughter.

1599 J. Rainolds Overthrow Stage-playes 35 An occasion of drawing & provoking corruptlie minded men to most heinous wickednes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. iii. 109 Beautie prouoketh theeues sooner then gold.

1640 E. Reynolds Treat. Passions xv. 141 Those vanities what hee seeth doe provoke others unto loathing.

1671 R. McWard True Non-conformist 10 To alleage, that the Prophets did not provock to such courses.

1743 J. Morris Serm. ii. 46 He..provokes them who are rich to liberality.

1779 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 69 200 He can be provoked to attention..by a wrong note being struck in the melody of any well-known tune.

1810 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv. 69 A calmness calculated to provoke to madness the furious old shrew.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. x. 565 Sometimes he spoke so haughtily that the rustics..were provoked into making insolent replies.

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation 1 In the hope that these pages may provoke others to come forward.

1900 J. Conrad Lord Jim viii. 101 My obtuseness provoked him into a contemptuous ‘Pshaw!’

1952 R. C. Hutchinson Recoll. of Journey vii. 158 That provoked her to a burst of temper.

1975 D. Bloodworth Clients of Omega xxi. 204 Provoking desperate people into believing that they can only bring about unity among men by knocking their moronic heads together.

2006 Ecologist Feb. 30/1 Toyota's unprecedented success in popularising hybrid cars has provoked beleaguered US automakers to respond.

a. transitive. To stimulate or induce (a physical action, reaction, condition, etc.); to give rise to, bring about.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > elicit or call forth

movea1398

drawa1400

provoke?a1425

askc1450

to draw out1525

to stir up1526

allure?1532

suscitate1532

to call out1539

to draw fortha1569

draw1581

attract1593

raise1598

force1602

fetch1622

milka1628

invite1650

summon1679

elicit1822

to work up?1833

educe1840

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 39 (MED) Slepe is prouoked with þe narcoticis.

?a1450 tr. Macer Herbal (Stockh.) (1949) 142 (MED) Dragance rotes dronken with wyn stureþ lecherye and prouokyþ vryne.

a1500 tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1977) 8 (MED) Hit is also conuenient onis in a monith to provoke a vomitt.

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 15 It prouoketh slepe, the temples beynge annoynted with it.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 207 Lukewarm water will not sooner provoke vomiting, then thou dost the Lord to vomit thee out of his mouth.

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 24 Apodacryticum is a Medicine that provokes Tears.

1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 92 Myrrh provokes the Menses, and forwards Delivery.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 262 All things which provoke great Secretions, especially Sweat.

1766 Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 243 Provoking the appetite, assisting the digestion,..and facilitating all the natural secretions and excretions of the body.

1879 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 6) II. xii. 262 Does the yeast-plant stand alone in its power of provoking alcoholic fermentation?

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 797 Kolert tells us that ergot contains two poisons; sphacelinic acid, which provokes the gangrene; and cornutine.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 974 Hybridization..seems to provoke new departures or variations in the offspring.

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 25 Jan. 214/1 The Group A streptococcus was indicated as the trigger that provokes acute rheumatic fever.

1997 J. Steingarten Man who ate Everything (1998) ii. 134 Scientists have discovered that these phenomena are provoked by chemical signals—pheromones—in the little creatures' urine.

b. transitive. To excite, stir up, arouse (a feeling or action); to give rise to, call forth, prompt.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] > cause or give rise to an emotion

rearOE

arear?c1225

annoyc1300

movea1325

excite1393

raisea1400

lighta1413

stirc1430

provokec1450

provocate?a1475

rendera1522

to stir upc1530

excitate?1549

inspire1576

yield1576

to turn up1579

rouse1589

urge1594

incense1598

upraisea1600

upreara1600

irritate1612

awakena1616

recreate1643

pique1697

arouse1730

unlull1743

energize1753

evocate1827

evoke1856

vibe1977

c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 52 (MED) He was alȝeuen to euyl, to prouoke the wreth and veniaunce of oure lorde god to hymselfe.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 262 And It js to presume..yat jt war..to prouoke nois & debatis.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 48 (MED) The synne of the clergie provoketh so largely the indignacon of God.

1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 16 Thay that prouokis ony ewil desir..in thair selff or in oders with sangis or wordis.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene ii. v. 3 He never staid to greete, Ne chaffar words, prowd corage to provoke.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 140 My Tale prouokes that question.

1651 Bp. J. Wilkins Disc. Gift of Prayer vi. 51 The meditation of his bounty and goodness, will provoke Love and Gratitude.

1671 A. Behn Forc'd Marriage ii. ii. 25 I must either resolve never to provoke His jealousie, or be able to re'ncounter his..valour.

1683 Agathocles 5 The first Resentments that provoke their Cries Are Heavy Loans, and frequent Subsidies.

1726 S. Wright Treat. Deceitfulness Sin iv. 68 Their lust and unsatisfied desires provoked the divine vengeance.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 301 Their natures are too opposite ever to provoke mutual desire.

1804 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 12 263 The discussions it has provoked, and the train of experiments it has induced.

1859 E. Bulwer-Lytton What will he do with It? (1st Edinb. ed.) I. ii. iv. 154 The beauty of the horse provoked the boy's admiration.

1881 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. ii. v. 233 The Oxford revivalists had provoked the storm, but had no spell which would allay it.

1918 W. M. Kirkland Joys of being Woman vii. 70 Their serene patience provoked my utmost effort to destroy it.

1967 N. Podhoretz Making It ii. vi. 191 My less than reverential attitude toward Faulkner had provoked the pious ire of several members of the family.

1998 Guardian 22 Aug. i. 32/2 With cash wages sometimes not paid for years [in Russia],..it is the prices which provoke despair.

3. transitive. To incite (a person or animal) to anger; to annoy, vex, irritate, or exasperate, esp. deliberately. Also used intransitively.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry

wrethec900

abelgheeOE

abaeileOE

teenOE

i-wrathec1075

wratha1200

awratha1250

gramec1275

forthcalla1300

excitea1340

grieve1362

movea1382

achafea1400

craba1400

angerc1400

mada1425

provokec1425

forwrecchec1450

wrothc1450

arage1470

incensea1513

puff1526

angry1530

despite1530

exasperate1534

exasper1545

stunt1583

pepper1599

enfever1647

nanger1675

to put or set up the back1728

roil1742

outrage1818

to put a person's monkey up1833

to get one's back up1840

to bring one's nap up1843

rouse1843

to get a person's shirt out1844

heat1855

to steam up1860

to get one's rag out1862

steam1922

to burn up1923

to flip out1964

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > bring about by incitement

stirc897

forthclepe?c1000

raisec1175

entice1297

rearc1325

excitea1340

arta1450

provocate?a1475

suscitate1528

to stir upc1530

provoke1535

store1552

concitea1555

upsteer1558

spirit1598

solicit1602

foment1606

fana1616

proritate1620

incite1627

ferment1660

spirita1680

brush1755

whip1805

to put (also set) (the) spurs to1819

fillipa1822

instigate1852

spark-plug1945

whomp1961

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 5282 (MED) Troyens han vs grevid, Prouokid vs, & wilfully y-mevid To rise ageyn hem.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 51 (MED) Anthiocus Magnus, provokede [L. provocatus] thro that, hade occupiede alle Egipte.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xciv. [xcv.] 8 Harden not youre hertes, as when ye prouoked in tyme of temptacion in the wildernes.

1574 Sir P. Sidney Let. 17 Dec. in Wks. (1923) III. 101 They haue been provoked by the Portugese.

1602 E. Hayes in J. Brereton Briefe Relation Discouerie Virginia 20 Neither is our intent to prouoke, but to cherish and win them vnto Christianitie by faire meanes.

a1643 J. Shute Judgem. & Mercy (1645) 198 Moses..loved not to..provoke him [sc. Pharaoh].

1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Of Anger vi. 70 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) A Shadow provokes the Asp.

1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. iv. 87 You had better let her alone, you will but provoke her.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa (1811) II. 360 I will face them all; but not as a revenger, if they provoke me not too much.

1798 J. S. Murray Virtue Triumphant ii. ii. 36 Why, William, it would provoke a minister—so it would.

1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. xii. 234 Such ill-timed praise of another, at Elinor's expence,..provoked her.

1856 T. B. Macaulay Johnson in Biographies (1860) 99 The master was often provoked by the monkey-like impertinence of the pupil.

1880 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Roy & Viola I. 47 ‘Don't provoke me,’ exclaims Netta.

1930 Times 27 June 5/4 The plaintiff brought the injuries on himself by irritating and provoking the dog.

1958 J. Wain Contenders viii. 159 Whatever he said wouldn't provoke me, and it was no relief to his feelings to lash out at someone who didn't hit back.

4. transitive. Chiefly poetic. To stir up or agitate (water, etc.).

ΚΠ

1661 P. Jenkyn Amorea 7 Be still, and unto Neptune pray, For if you do but weep, Your tears provoke the deep.

1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses xii. 167 And with our Oars in hand provok'd the Deep.

1836 F. S. Mahoney tr. Horace Songs xxxi, in Fraser's Mag. Oct. 440 Each year upon the watery waste, Let him provoke the fierce Atlantic.

1995 D. D. Martinez Bad Alchemy 83 The host and the hostess sitting at the shallow end of the pool, their bare feet provoking the still water.

†II. Senses relating to invocation.

5. transitive. To call out or summon to a fight; to challenge, to defy. Obsolete.Sometimes merging with sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > challenge (a person) [verb (transitive)]

provoke1474

to take to task1546

dare1580

assay1604

challenge1610

defy1674

banter1789

brag1843

to fuck with ——c1947

1474 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 407 William..come before the court and keist downe his hat, profferand him to fecht in the said querel;..Alexr..askit ane testimonial of the court how that he manasit and prouokit him.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ix The frensshman prouoked the Janueye to bataylle... The Januey accepted the prouocacion & came in the day assigned in to the felde.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. viii. 82 We ar defendit to herbry on the sand, Prouokyt eik to batale.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclviij Them wold he haue prouoked to escarmouche.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 347 Thair was ane combatt of singular battell betuix the laird of Drumlanrick and the laird of Hempsfeild quho provockit wther in barras to fight to deid.

a1656 R. Gordon Geneal. Hist. Earldom of Sutherland (1813) 365 They ryd about the house, provocking him to com furth into the feilds.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 369 Swoln with Applause, and aiming still at more, He now provokes the Sea Gods from the Shore.

a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. vii. 383 Tertullian..provokes all the world to contradict it, if they could.

6. transitive. To invoke or supplicate; to call forth, call upon, or call for; to summon, invite. Also intransitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > [verb (transitive)] > challenge to hostilities

excitea1340

defyc1380

descryc1400

provoke1477

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > appeal to or invoke

halsec825

askOE

witnec1200

halsenc1290

calla1325

incalla1340

to speak to ——1362

interpel1382

inclepec1384

turnc1384

becallc1400

ethec1400

peala1425

movec1450

provoke1477

adjure1483

invoke1490

conjurea1500

sue1521

invocatea1530

obtest1548

obtestate1553

to throw oneself on (or upon)1592

obsecrate1598

charm1599

to cry on ——1609

behight1615

imprecate1643

impray1855

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon

lathec900

hightOE

clepec1000

ofclepeOE

ofsendOE

warna1250

callc1300

summonc1300

incalla1340

upcallc1340

summonda1400

becallc1400

ofgredec1400

require1418

assummonc1450

accitec1475

provoke1477

convey1483

mand1483

whistle1486

vocatec1494

wishc1515

to call up1530

citea1533

convent1540

convocate1542

prorogate1543

accersit1548

whistle for1560

advocatea1575

citate1581

evocate1639

demand1650

to warn in1654

summons1694

invoke1697

to send for1744

to turn up1752

requisition1800

whip1857

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 29 The peple..knelid down tofore him and prouoked the goddes vnto his ayde and helpe.

1520 Chron. Eng. iii. f. 25^v/1 Hircanum her sone she prouoked to y^e bysshopryche.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. viii. 13 Horace..was..prouoked to be Secretarie of estate to Augustus th' Emperour.

1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 123 I humbly provoke the Nation to humiliation before God.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 94 The Herdsmen..provoke his health in Goblets crown'd.

1713 A. Pope Ode Musick 3 But when our Country's Cause provokes to Arms, How martial Musick every Bosom warms!

a. transitive. To bring or carry (an appeal) to a higher tribunal. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > appeal or review > [verb (transitive)] > appeal > bring or carry (an appeal)

provokea1500

a1500 (?1421) in C. Monro Lett. Margaret of Anjou (1863) 28 If ayenst this peticion any processe be made of any maner Juge..he provoketh and appelleth this cause directly to the rightwisness of god and to the liege lorde.

1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 12 §3 Where..any of the Kinges Subjectes..haue vsed to pursue provoke or procure any appele to the See of Rome.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 157 The King [sc. Henry II]..gaue commaundement by his writte to the Sheriffes of all coastes, to make arrest of al such, as for any cause prouoked to the Pope.

b. intransitive. To appeal to a judge or court to take up one's cause; to appeal from a lower to a higher (esp. ecclesiastical) tribunal; (more generally) to appeal or concede to a higher authority. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [verb (transitive)] > appeal

provoke?1533

the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone > to or upon an authority

to call on ——a1300

appeal1393

provoke1666

to appeal (un)to Caesar1855

?1533 T. Cranmer Let. in G. Burnet Hist. Reformation (1715) III. Collect. Rec. ii. 46 I have provoked from his Holyness to the General Counsell.

1666 J. Sergeant Let. of Thanks 113 Tertullian is the unlikeliest man in the world to provoke to the Scriptures.

1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici 22 Even Arius and Pelagius durst provoke To what the Centuries preceding spoke.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	provoke
释义	provoken. Brit. /prəˈvəʊk/, U.S. /prəˈvoʊk/, /proʊˈvoʊk/, Scottish English /proˈvok/, /prəˈvok/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: provoke v. Etymology: < provoke v. Scottish. 1. An act of provoking; a provocation; a challenge; a cause of offence. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > causing anger > one who or that which wrather1382 aggravator1598 provoke1773 needler1874 the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [noun] > action of irritating > cause of irritation provocation1638 provoke1773 pet peeve1909 society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > [noun] challengec1325 challenging1330 defiancec1430 defya1586 provocatory1611 provoke1824 1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) ii. 589 By just provoke made ireful. 1824 W. Scott Let. 14 Apr. (1935) VIII. 252 Were you to consider this letter as a provoke requiring an answer. 1894 J. B. Salmond My Man Sandy (rev. ed.) xviii. 178 I'm an awfu' eedeit, a pure provok to a' 'at belangs me. 1930 Scots Mag. Oct. 35 Is that no' a provoke? An' me had my heart set on't. †2. An invitation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > summons or summoning > a summons stevena900 crya1300 summonsc1300 warninga1400 citationa1640 provoke1842 1842 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 51 375 He regretted to hear that Sunday was our only open day, but finally, summing up courage, he hazarded a provoke for Sunday. 1843 F. Bellew Mem. Griffin I. viii. 123 I have a ‘provoke’ here from the mistress of the Kidderpore establishment. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). provokev. Brit. /prəˈvəʊk/, U.S. /prəˈvoʊk/, /proʊˈvoʊk/ Forms: late Middle English provoce, late Middle English prowok, late Middle English–1600s prouoke, late Middle English– provoke, 1500s preuoke (perhaps transmission error), 1500s–1600s prouoake, 1500s–1600s provoake, 1600s provock; Scottish pre-1700 prouoc, pre-1700 prouocke, pre-1700 prouoic, pre-1700 prouoik, pre-1700 prouok, pre-1700 prouoke, pre-1700 prouook, pre-1700 provoake, pre-1700 provocat (past tense), pre-1700 provoicke, pre-1700 provoik, pre-1700 provoike, pre-1700 provok, pre-1700 provouck, pre-1700 prowock, pre-1700 prowoik, pre-1700 prowok, pre-1700 1700s provock, pre-1700 1700s– provoke. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French provoquer; Latin prōvocāre. Etymology: < Middle French, French provoquer (13th cent. in Old French in this form; compare earlier Anglo-Norman purvocher , purvocer , purvucher , also Anglo-Norman provucher , Anglo-Norman and Old French (Walloon) provocher ) to incite, rouse (a person) by a challenge or appeal (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as purvocer ), to incite (a person) to violence (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as purvucher ), to produce, cause (in a medical context) (a1365), to be (voluntarily or not) the cause of something (second half of the 15th cent), and its etymon classical Latin prōvocāre to call forth, to challenge, to rouse, stir up, excite, to appeal < prō- pro- prefix¹ +vocāre to call (see vocate v.). Compare Old Occitan provocar (14th cent.), Catalan provocar (14th cent.), Spanish provocar (a1428), Portuguese provocar (15th cent.), Italian provocare (a1292). I. Senses relating to incitement. 1. transitive. To incite or urge (a person or animal) to an action, state, etc.; to stimulate to action; to rouse, prompt, spur on. Chiefly with to or into (formerly †unto) or to do something. Also intransitive.In early use often in neutral or positive sense; later (under the influence of sense 3) frequently with some negative action or emotion as complement, as anger, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate stirc897 putOE sputc1175 prokec1225 prickc1230 commovec1374 baitc1378 stingc1386 movea1398 eager?a1400 pokec1400 provokea1425 tollc1440 cheera1450 irritec1450 encourage1483 incite1483 harden1487 attice1490 pricklea1522 to set on1523 incense1531 irritate1531 animate1532 tickle1532 stomach1541 instigate1542 concitea1555 upsteer1558 urge1565 instimulate1570 whip1573 goad1579 raise1581 to set upa1586 to call ona1592 incitate1597 indarec1599 alarm1602 exstimulate1603 to put on1604 feeze1610 impulse1611 fomentate1613 emovec1614 animalize1617 stimulate1619 spura1644 trinkle1685 cite1718 to put up1812 prod1832 to jack up1914 goose1934 a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) 2 Cor. ix. 2 Ȝoure emulacyoun or loue has prouokyd manye to gyfe almesse to seyntes. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 45 (MED) Bothe Numetor and the ij breþer were prouokede in to the dethe off Amulius. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Heb. x. 24 Let vs consyder one another to provoke vnto love, and to good workes. 1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Lj^v With suche taunts and meritourned answers they provoke men to laughter. 1599 J. Rainolds Overthrow Stage-playes 35 An occasion of drawing & provoking corruptlie minded men to most heinous wickednes. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. iii. 109 Beautie prouoketh theeues sooner then gold. View more context for this quotation 1640 E. Reynolds Treat. Passions xv. 141 Those vanities what hee seeth doe provoke others unto loathing. 1671 R. McWard True Non-conformist 10 To alleage, that the Prophets did not provock to such courses. 1743 J. Morris Serm. ii. 46 He..provokes them who are rich to liberality. 1779 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 69 200 He can be provoked to attention..by a wrong note being struck in the melody of any well-known tune. 1810 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv. 69 A calmness calculated to provoke to madness the furious old shrew. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. x. 565 Sometimes he spoke so haughtily that the rustics..were provoked into making insolent replies. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation 1 In the hope that these pages may provoke others to come forward. 1900 J. Conrad Lord Jim viii. 101 My obtuseness provoked him into a contemptuous ‘Pshaw!’ 1952 R. C. Hutchinson Recoll. of Journey vii. 158 That provoked her to a burst of temper. 1975 D. Bloodworth Clients of Omega xxi. 204 Provoking desperate people into believing that they can only bring about unity among men by knocking their moronic heads together. 2006 Ecologist Feb. 30/1 Toyota's unprecedented success in popularising hybrid cars has provoked beleaguered US automakers to respond. 2. a. transitive. To stimulate or induce (a physical action, reaction, condition, etc.); to give rise to, bring about. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > elicit or call forth movea1398 drawa1400 provoke?a1425 askc1450 to draw out1525 to stir up1526 allure?1532 suscitate1532 to call out1539 to draw fortha1569 draw1581 attract1593 raise1598 force1602 fetch1622 milka1628 invite1650 summon1679 elicit1822 to work up?1833 educe1840 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 39 (MED) Slepe is prouoked with þe narcoticis. ?a1450 tr. Macer Herbal (Stockh.) (1949) 142 (MED) Dragance rotes dronken with wyn stureþ lecherye and prouokyþ vryne. a1500 tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1977) 8 (MED) Hit is also conuenient onis in a monith to provoke a vomitt. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 15 It prouoketh slepe, the temples beynge annoynted with it. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 207 Lukewarm water will not sooner provoke vomiting, then thou dost the Lord to vomit thee out of his mouth. 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 24 Apodacryticum is a Medicine that provokes Tears. 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 92 Myrrh provokes the Menses, and forwards Delivery. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 262 All things which provoke great Secretions, especially Sweat. 1766 Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 243 Provoking the appetite, assisting the digestion,..and facilitating all the natural secretions and excretions of the body. 1879 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 6) II. xii. 262 Does the yeast-plant stand alone in its power of provoking alcoholic fermentation? 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 797 Kolert tells us that ergot contains two poisons; sphacelinic acid, which provokes the gangrene; and cornutine. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 974 Hybridization..seems to provoke new departures or variations in the offspring. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 25 Jan. 214/1 The Group A streptococcus was indicated as the trigger that provokes acute rheumatic fever. 1997 J. Steingarten Man who ate Everything (1998) ii. 134 Scientists have discovered that these phenomena are provoked by chemical signals—pheromones—in the little creatures' urine. b. transitive. To excite, stir up, arouse (a feeling or action); to give rise to, call forth, prompt. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] > cause or give rise to an emotion rearOE arear?c1225 annoyc1300 movea1325 excite1393 raisea1400 lighta1413 stirc1430 provokec1450 provocate?a1475 rendera1522 to stir upc1530 excitate?1549 inspire1576 yield1576 to turn up1579 rouse1589 urge1594 incense1598 upraisea1600 upreara1600 irritate1612 awakena1616 recreate1643 pique1697 arouse1730 unlull1743 energize1753 evocate1827 evoke1856 vibe1977 c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 52 (MED) He was alȝeuen to euyl, to prouoke the wreth and veniaunce of oure lorde god to hymselfe. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 262 And It js to presume..yat jt war..to prouoke nois & debatis. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 48 (MED) The synne of the clergie provoketh so largely the indignacon of God. 1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 16 Thay that prouokis ony ewil desir..in thair selff or in oders with sangis or wordis. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene ii. v. 3 He never staid to greete, Ne chaffar words, prowd corage to provoke. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 140 My Tale prouokes that question. View more context for this quotation 1651 Bp. J. Wilkins Disc. Gift of Prayer vi. 51 The meditation of his bounty and goodness, will provoke Love and Gratitude. 1671 A. Behn Forc'd Marriage ii. ii. 25 I must either resolve never to provoke His jealousie, or be able to re'ncounter his..valour. 1683 Agathocles 5 The first Resentments that provoke their Cries Are Heavy Loans, and frequent Subsidies. 1726 S. Wright Treat. Deceitfulness Sin iv. 68 Their lust and unsatisfied desires provoked the divine vengeance. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 301 Their natures are too opposite ever to provoke mutual desire. 1804 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 12 263 The discussions it has provoked, and the train of experiments it has induced. 1859 E. Bulwer-Lytton What will he do with It? (1st Edinb. ed.) I. ii. iv. 154 The beauty of the horse provoked the boy's admiration. 1881 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. ii. v. 233 The Oxford revivalists had provoked the storm, but had no spell which would allay it. 1918 W. M. Kirkland Joys of being Woman vii. 70 Their serene patience provoked my utmost effort to destroy it. 1967 N. Podhoretz Making It ii. vi. 191 My less than reverential attitude toward Faulkner had provoked the pious ire of several members of the family. 1998 Guardian 22 Aug. i. 32/2 With cash wages sometimes not paid for years [in Russia],..it is the prices which provoke despair. 3. transitive. To incite (a person or animal) to anger; to annoy, vex, irritate, or exasperate, esp. deliberately. Also used intransitively. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry wrethec900 abelgheeOE abaeileOE teenOE i-wrathec1075 wratha1200 awratha1250 gramec1275 forthcalla1300 excitea1340 grieve1362 movea1382 achafea1400 craba1400 angerc1400 mada1425 provokec1425 forwrecchec1450 wrothc1450 arage1470 incensea1513 puff1526 angry1530 despite1530 exasperate1534 exasper1545 stunt1583 pepper1599 enfever1647 nanger1675 to put or set up the back1728 roil1742 outrage1818 to put a person's monkey up1833 to get one's back up1840 to bring one's nap up1843 rouse1843 to get a person's shirt out1844 heat1855 to steam up1860 to get one's rag out1862 steam1922 to burn up1923 to flip out1964 the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > bring about by incitement stirc897 forthclepe?c1000 raisec1175 entice1297 rearc1325 excitea1340 arta1450 provocate?a1475 suscitate1528 to stir upc1530 provoke1535 store1552 concitea1555 upsteer1558 spirit1598 solicit1602 foment1606 fana1616 proritate1620 incite1627 ferment1660 spirita1680 brush1755 whip1805 to put (also set) (the) spurs to1819 fillipa1822 instigate1852 spark-plug1945 whomp1961 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 5282 (MED) Troyens han vs grevid, Prouokid vs, & wilfully y-mevid To rise ageyn hem. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 51 (MED) Anthiocus Magnus, provokede [L. provocatus] thro that, hade occupiede alle Egipte. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xciv. [xcv.] 8 Harden not youre hertes, as when ye prouoked in tyme of temptacion in the wildernes. 1574 Sir P. Sidney Let. 17 Dec. in Wks. (1923) III. 101 They haue been provoked by the Portugese. 1602 E. Hayes in J. Brereton Briefe Relation Discouerie Virginia 20 Neither is our intent to prouoke, but to cherish and win them vnto Christianitie by faire meanes. a1643 J. Shute Judgem. & Mercy (1645) 198 Moses..loved not to..provoke him [sc. Pharaoh]. 1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Of Anger vi. 70 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) A Shadow provokes the Asp. 1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. iv. 87 You had better let her alone, you will but provoke her. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa (1811) II. 360 I will face them all; but not as a revenger, if they provoke me not too much. 1798 J. S. Murray Virtue Triumphant ii. ii. 36 Why, William, it would provoke a minister—so it would. 1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. xii. 234 Such ill-timed praise of another, at Elinor's expence,..provoked her. View more context for this quotation 1856 T. B. Macaulay Johnson in Biographies (1860) 99 The master was often provoked by the monkey-like impertinence of the pupil. 1880 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Roy & Viola I. 47 ‘Don't provoke me,’ exclaims Netta. 1930 Times 27 June 5/4 The plaintiff brought the injuries on himself by irritating and provoking the dog. 1958 J. Wain Contenders viii. 159 Whatever he said wouldn't provoke me, and it was no relief to his feelings to lash out at someone who didn't hit back. 4. transitive. Chiefly poetic. To stir up or agitate (water, etc.). ΚΠ 1661 P. Jenkyn Amorea 7 Be still, and unto Neptune pray, For if you do but weep, Your tears provoke the deep. 1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses xii. 167 And with our Oars in hand provok'd the Deep. 1836 F. S. Mahoney tr. Horace Songs xxxi, in Fraser's Mag. Oct. 440 Each year upon the watery waste, Let him provoke the fierce Atlantic. 1995 D. D. Martinez Bad Alchemy 83 The host and the hostess sitting at the shallow end of the pool, their bare feet provoking the still water. †II. Senses relating to invocation. 5. transitive. To call out or summon to a fight; to challenge, to defy. Obsolete.Sometimes merging with sense 3. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > challenge (a person) [verb (transitive)] provoke1474 to take to task1546 dare1580 assay1604 challenge1610 defy1674 banter1789 brag1843 to fuck with ——c1947 1474 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 407 William..come before the court and keist downe his hat, profferand him to fecht in the said querel;..Alexr..askit ane testimonial of the court how that he manasit and prouokit him. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ix The frensshman prouoked the Janueye to bataylle... The Januey accepted the prouocacion & came in the day assigned in to the felde. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. viii. 82 We ar defendit to herbry on the sand, Prouokyt eik to batale. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclviij Them wold he haue prouoked to escarmouche. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 347 Thair was ane combatt of singular battell betuix the laird of Drumlanrick and the laird of Hempsfeild quho provockit wther in barras to fight to deid. a1656 R. Gordon Geneal. Hist. Earldom of Sutherland (1813) 365 They ryd about the house, provocking him to com furth into the feilds. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 369 Swoln with Applause, and aiming still at more, He now provokes the Sea Gods from the Shore. a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. vii. 383 Tertullian..provokes all the world to contradict it, if they could. 6. transitive. To invoke or supplicate; to call forth, call upon, or call for; to summon, invite. Also intransitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [verb (transitive)] > challenge to hostilities excitea1340 defyc1380 descryc1400 provoke1477 the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > appeal to or invoke halsec825 askOE witnec1200 halsenc1290 calla1325 incalla1340 to speak to ——1362 interpel1382 inclepec1384 turnc1384 becallc1400 ethec1400 peala1425 movec1450 provoke1477 adjure1483 invoke1490 conjurea1500 sue1521 invocatea1530 obtest1548 obtestate1553 to throw oneself on (or upon)1592 obsecrate1598 charm1599 to cry on ——1609 behight1615 imprecate1643 impray1855 society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon lathec900 hightOE clepec1000 ofclepeOE ofsendOE warna1250 callc1300 summonc1300 incalla1340 upcallc1340 summonda1400 becallc1400 ofgredec1400 require1418 assummonc1450 accitec1475 provoke1477 convey1483 mand1483 whistle1486 vocatec1494 wishc1515 to call up1530 citea1533 convent1540 convocate1542 prorogate1543 accersit1548 whistle for1560 advocatea1575 citate1581 evocate1639 demand1650 to warn in1654 summons1694 invoke1697 to send for1744 to turn up1752 requisition1800 whip1857 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 29 The peple..knelid down tofore him and prouoked the goddes vnto his ayde and helpe. 1520 Chron. Eng. iii. f. 25^v/1 Hircanum her sone she prouoked to y^e bysshopryche. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. viii. 13 Horace..was..prouoked to be Secretarie of estate to Augustus th' Emperour. 1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 123 I humbly provoke the Nation to humiliation before God. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 94 The Herdsmen..provoke his health in Goblets crown'd. View more context for this quotation 1713 A. Pope Ode Musick 3 But when our Country's Cause provokes to Arms, How martial Musick every Bosom warms! 7. a. transitive. To bring or carry (an appeal) to a higher tribunal. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > appeal or review > [verb (transitive)] > appeal > bring or carry (an appeal) provokea1500 a1500 (?1421) in C. Monro Lett. Margaret of Anjou (1863) 28 If ayenst this peticion any processe be made of any maner Juge..he provoketh and appelleth this cause directly to the rightwisness of god and to the liege lorde. 1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 12 §3 Where..any of the Kinges Subjectes..haue vsed to pursue provoke or procure any appele to the See of Rome. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 157 The King [sc. Henry II]..gaue commaundement by his writte to the Sheriffes of all coastes, to make arrest of al such, as for any cause prouoked to the Pope. b. intransitive. To appeal to a judge or court to take up one's cause; to appeal from a lower to a higher (esp. ecclesiastical) tribunal; (more generally) to appeal or concede to a higher authority. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [verb (transitive)] > appeal provoke?1533 the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone > to or upon an authority to call on ——a1300 appeal1393 provoke1666 to appeal (un)to Caesar1855 ?1533 T. Cranmer Let. in G. Burnet Hist. Reformation (1715) III. Collect. Rec. ii. 46 I have provoked from his Holyness to the General Counsell. 1666 J. Sergeant Let. of Thanks 113 Tertullian is the unlikeliest man in the world to provoke to the Scriptures. 1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici 22 Even Arius and Pelagius durst provoke To what the Centuries preceding spoke. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1773v.a1425
随便看	terrestrial magnetism terror-shaken terror-smitten terror-stiffened terror-stirring terror-stricken terror-strike terror-striking terror-struck terror-tainted terrorbombing terrorbreathing terrorcausing terrorcrazed terrored terrorfilled terrorfit terrorfraught terrorful terrorgiving terrorgleam terrorhaunted terrorinspiring terrorisation terrorisations

provoken.

provokev.