puritann.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpjʊərᵻt(ə)n/,

/ˈpjɔːrᵻt(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈpjʊrətn/,

/ˈpjʊrəd(ə)n/

Forms: 1500s paretaine, 1500s puritayn, 1500s–1600s puritain, 1500s–1600s puritaine, 1500s–1600s puritane, 1500s– puritan, 1600s puiretane (Scottish), 1600s puretan, 1600s puritance (plural). Also with capital initial, esp. in sense A. 1.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element; perhaps modelled on a Latin lexical item, or perhaps modelled on a Greek lexical item. Etymons: Latin pūritās , -an suffix.

Etymology: Probably < classical Latin pūritās purity n. + -an suffix, perhaps after post-classical Latin Cathari or its etymon Byzantine Greek Καθαροί (see note). Compare post-classical Latin puritanus (1609 in a British source), Middle French, French puritain (1587 or earlier in the works of Ronsard, with reference to England), Italian puritano (1598). With use as adjective compare Middle French, French puritain (1590).The word appears to be associated frequently in early use with the appellation of the Cathars, or Catharists (Byzantine Greek Καθαροί ; see quots. 1572 at sense A. 1a, 1573 at sense A. 1a, 1577 at sense A. 1b, and compare Cathar n.), and perhaps was originally intended as an allusion to that name. Since the name of the Cathars was first applied pejoratively by Epiphanius to the Novatianists and other dissident groups in the Early Church, the word would thus have conveyed the imputation of heresy.

A. n.

a. A member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries, who regarded the reformation of the Church under Elizabeth I as incomplete and sought to remove any remaining elements of church practice (such as ceremonies, church ornaments, the use of musical instruments, and in some cases episcopal authority) which they considered corrupt, idolatrous, or unscriptural. Also: a member of any Presbyterian or other Protestant church or sect separated from the Church of England on points of ritual, doctrine, or church governance, on the grounds that they are at variance with ‘pure’ New Testament principles. Now chiefly historical.According to Stow (quot. a1605) the name Puritan was assumed by Anabaptist congregations in London, but he may be wrong in supposing that they adopted the designation themselves, since it otherwise appears consistently in early use as a term of reproach used by opponents and resented by those to whom it was applied (see also quot. 1655).Originally the name applied chiefly to those within the Church of England who sought further reform, especially in the direction of Presbyterianism, and who gained ascendancy during the Commonwealth period. Subsequently (and especially after the Restoration of 1660) it was applied to those who separated from the established episcopal Church as Presbyterians, Independents (Congregationalists), or Baptists, including many who were prominent in the colonization of the North American seaboard (especially New England). It is now used as a historical term without negative connotations.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Puritanism > [noun] > person

Catharite1555

hot gospeller1562

puritan1565

precisian1571

Catharan1573

Puritant1580

disciplinarian1591

disciplinary1593

Catharist1600

saint1612

Perfectist1618

Cathar1637

prick ear1642

Jacobite1654

Catharinian1657

perfect1669

methodist1758

Perfectus1832

puritanizer1847

wowser1899

1565 T. Stapleton Fortresse of Faith f. 134^v We know to weare in the church holy vestements, and to be apparailled priestlike semeth..absurde to the Puritans off our countre, to the zelous gospellers of Geneva.

1566 J. Martiall Replie to Calfhills Blasphemous Answer viii. f. 185 May not some whote puritanes of the newe clergie be dispensed with for wearing of a longe gowne, square cap, and satten tippet?

1572 J. Whitgift Answere to Admon. 18 This name Puritane is very aptely giuen to these men, not bicause they be pure no more than were the Heretikes called Cathari, but bicause they think them selues to be mundiores ceteris, more pure than others, as Cathari did, and seperate them selues from all other Churches and congregations as spotted and defyled.

1573 T. Cartwright Replye to Answere Whitgifte 13 If you meane, that those are Puritanes or Catharans, which do set forth a true and perfect patern or platforme of reforming the church, then the marke of thys heresie reacheth vnto those, which made the booke of common prayer.

1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Aiij I knowe they are commonly called Puritans, and not amisse... They take themselues to be pure, when they are filthy in Gods sight.

1603 King James VI & I Basilicon Doron (1944) I. sig. B 4^v As to the name Puritanes, I am not ignorant that the style thereof doth properly belong onely to that vile sect amongst the Anabaptists, called the familie of loue; because they thinke themselves onely pure.

a1605 J. Stow in Three 15th Cent. Chron. (1880) 143 About that tyme [sc. 1567] were many congregations of the Anabaptysts in London, who cawlyd themselvs Puritans or Unspottyd Lambs of the Lord.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 91 Though honestie be no Puritan, yet it will doe no hurt, it will weare the Surplis of humilitie ouer the blacke-Gowne of a bigge heart.

a1625 J. Robinson in A. H. Drysdale Hist. Presbyterians in Eng. (1889) 5 (note) The Papists plant the ruling power of Christ in the Pope; the Protestants in the Bishops; the Puritans in the Presbytery; we [sc. Independents] in the body of the Congregation of the multitude called the Church.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 76 The English Bishops..began..urging the Clergy..to subscribe to the Liturgie, Ceremonies and Discipline of the Church, and such as refused..were branded with the odious name of Puritanes. A name which in this notion first began in this yeer [sc. 1564].

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 17 The Puritans..put on external appearances of great strictness and gravity: They took more pains in their parishes than those who adhered to the Bishops.

a1779 W. Warburton Alliance Ch. & State iii. iii Those prudent and honest men..gave it as their deliberate judgment, ‘That the Puritans ought to conform, rather than make a schism: and that the church men ought to indulge the others' scruples, rather than hazard one’.

1825 T. B. Macaulay Milton in Edinb. Rev. Aug. 337 The Puritans, the most remarkable body of men perhaps which the world has ever produced.

1845 G. P. R. James Arrah Neil I. ii. 29 His master was a rigid man, a Puritan of the most severe cast.

1903 F. W. Maitland in Cambr. Mod. Hist. II. xvi. 590 Those who strove for a worship purified from all taint of popery (and who therefore were known as ‘Puritans’) ‘scrupled’ the cap and gown.., and ‘scrupled’ the surplice.

1970 Redemption Tidings 26 Feb. 7/1 The Puritans could preach: and that understatement does scant justice to their ability to preach for literally hours on end.

2005 C. Mann 1491 i. ii. 33 The Mayflower passengers are often called ‘Puritans’, but they disliked the name. Instead they used terms like ‘separatists’, because they separated themselves from the Church of England.

b. A member of any religious group that advocates or aspires to special purity of doctrine or practice.

ΚΠ

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. vi. xlii. 117 Novatus..became him selfe the author & ryngleader of his owne heretical sect, to wete: Of such as through their swelling pride do call themselues puritanes [Gk. Καθαροὺς].

1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) iv. viii. 378 The Persians are a kinde of Catharists or Puritans in their impure Muhammedrie.

1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies ii. v. 24 The old Waldenses..were also named by their adversaries, Cathares or Puritanes.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 76 We need not speak of the ancient Cathari or Primitive Puritans.

1709 J. Johnson Clergy-man's Vade Mecum: Pt. II 48 By the Puritans we are to understand the Novatians, who would not commune with the Catholic church under pretence that her communion was polluted.

1871 W. W. Hunter Indian Musalmans 58 The Wahábis form..an advanced division of the Sunnis—the Puritans of Islám.

1882 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 11 422 In India the..sect known as Jangams..a sort of Hindu Puritans, always bury their dead in a sitting attitude.

1983 Asian Surv. 23 1021 Desai, a Hindu puritan, established a rapport with Carter the Baptist.

2004 Financial Times (Nexis) 26 Apr. 6 A Baghdad mosque run by strict Islamic puritans was plastered in posters denouncing the council members as imposters.

c. A member of any non-religious group who practises or advocates strict or extreme adherence to its principles; a person who advocates or aspires to special purity or correctness in a field; a purist.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > [noun] > rigour or severity of rules, judgement, or discipline > one who advocates strict adherence to rules

puritan1841

jobsworth1970

1841 Times 12 Feb. 4/3 The political puritan Lord Listowel.

1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 May 1/1 The Crofters Holdings Bill has been received..very quietly by the Puritans of ‘economic principle’.

1931 Musical Times Mar. 262/2 The puritan in Stravinsky scorned to adopt special means of making it [sc. his counterpoint] palatable.

1999 C. Bird Myth Liberal Individualism i. 40 Libertarians represent themselves as the puritans of liberal individualism.

2. Chiefly depreciative. A person who practices or who is characterized by extreme strictness or austerity in religion, morals, etc.A use arising from the fact that the early Puritans were known for the prominence which they attached to personal religion, for strictness and gravity of behaviour, and for plainness of dress and manners.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > [noun] > conformity to high standards > excessive > one who

puritan1592

Savonarola1689

square-toes1771

1592 R. Greene Repentance sig. C3 When I had discouered that I sorrowed for my wickednesse..they fell vpon me in ieasting manner, calling me Puritane and Presizian.

1611 B. Rich Honestie of Age (1844) 55 He that hath not for euery word an oath..they say hee is a puritan, a precise foole, not fitte to hold a gentleman company.

a1691 R. Baxter Reliquæ Baxterianæ (1696) i. i. 32 When they had been called by that name awhile, the vicious Multitude of the Ungodly called all Puritans that were strict and serious in a Holy Life, were they ever so conformable!

1759 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments v. §ii. 388 Licentiousness..was connected, according to the notions of those times, with generosity, sincerity, magnanimity, loyalty, and proved that the person who acted in this manner, was a gentleman, and not a puritan.

1798 C. Smith Young Philosopher III. 26 Brought up among the strait-laced..puritans of the United States.

1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 235 A puritan may go to his brown-bread crust with as gross an appetite as ever an alderman to his turtle.

1898 E. Thomas Let. in R. G. Thomas Edward Thomas (1985) iv I admire the Puritan and Puritanism; and so far, my maidenly debauchery of habit still leaves me a Puritan in life.

1962 S. Raven Close of Play i. iii. 40 And yet I am no puritan: I should be capable of enjoying sex by and for itself.

1992 H. Mitchell One Man's Garden ii. 24 The gardener's attention remains fixed on the marvelous things available to be grown rather than on tasks urged by ignorant puritans, such as chasing mice or pestering starlings.

B. adj.

1. That is a puritan. puritan fathers: = Pilgrim Fathers n. at pilgrim n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Puritanism > [adjective]

precise1560

Puritant1580

puritan1588

disciplinarian1591

disciplinary1591

pure1598

puritanical1598

puritanian1601

puritanic1606

kneeless1631

prick-eared1641

precisianicala1652

Catharistic1838

perfectionistic1884

hot-gospelling1891

Patarene1902

wowserish1933

1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epitome To Cleargie sig. A2 The Puritans are angrie with me, I meane the puritane preachers.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. 13/2 That Church of England, which alone is worthy to be called so, will bewail..the Injuries offered unto our Puritan Fathers.

1757 T. Smollett Compl. Hist. Eng. III. vi. 220 The king..sent instructions to the prelates of the kingdom, enjoining them..to take especial care that no puritan minister should be admitted into the church.

1806 in J. Thacher Hist. Plymouth (1832) 232 This is the 186th anniversary of the first landing of our puritan fathers.

1832 in J. Thacher Hist. Plymouth (1832) 324 The venerable pastor of the pilgrims, and his puritan associates.

1904 Burlington Mag. Jan. 54/2 The puritan ladies of England embroidered and worked in ‘hollie’ point many christian emblems as trimmings for their personal and household linen.

1942 Times 27 Nov. 2/3 Boston welcomed United States soldiers and airmen to the town from which the Puritan Fathers sailed for New England over 300 years ago.

2003 Amer. Music 21 397 Born at Monson, Maine..he included in his ancestry a galaxy of New England Puritan worthies.

2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of puritans, esp. the Puritans of the late 16th and 17th centuries; practising or characterized by strictness or austerity in religion, morals, etc. (frequently depreciative).In quot. 1607: hypocritical, dissembling.

ΚΠ

1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. ii. sig. E^v Ile after him, And..seeme to beare a part In all his ills, but with a Puritane heart.

1638 W. Laud Diary 29 Apr. in Hist. Troubles (1695) 55 There is a great Concurrence between them [sc. in Scotland], and the Puritan Party in England.

a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 33 The most Seraphical Illuminati, and the highest Puritan Perfectionists.

1729 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. IX. 350 The King himself took the Pains to answer the Archbishop's Arguments..upbraiding the Prelate with founding his Opinion on Puritan-Principles.

1746 E. Trott Serm. Present Rebellion 16 The Priests had a plenary Indulgence for entring themselves as Puritans into the Puritan Army.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxxvii. 147 He was no less frugal in his repasts than in his Puritan attire.

1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish iii. 40 Singing the hundredth Psalm, the grand old Puritan anthem.

1896 M. E. Wilkins Madelon 320 Dorothy in spite of his stern Puritan creed was yet dearer to him than that abstraction of her which he deemed her soul.

1924 Amer. Mercury Nov. 328/1 The Puritan suppression of the natural man no doubt persisted as a national trait and helped to keep much of our literature namby-pamby.

1985 S. Hastings Nancy Mitford i. 11 She had a strong puritan streak which led her to distrust pleasure on principle.

Compounds

Puritan conscience n. a strict individual conscience requiring high moral standards; cf. nonconformist conscience n. at nonconformist n. and adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > [noun] > conformity to high standards

strictness1578

stricturea1616

Puritan consciencea1649

New Englandism1844

a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 39 Ochiltry, who had once the fairest, formalest and largest Puritan Conscience in the Kingdom.

1845 T. W. Coit Puritanism 521 (note) It is shown, with what a true Puritan conscience, some of the New Englanders treated the subject of slavery.

1901 R. Kipling Let. in C. E. Carrington Rudyard Kipling (1955) xiii. 318 Her Puritan conscience which she has inherited from her New England forbears still makes her take life too blame seriously.

1998 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 37 456 In discussing male honor codes in the early seventeenth century, Fletcher is willing to recognize the pull of the Puritan conscience.

Puritan ethic n. a belief in the value of self-discipline and hard work; cf. Protestant work ethic n. at Protestant n. and adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun] > work ethic

Puritan ethic1903

work ethic1945

1903 J. M. Robertson Ess. in Ethics 45 These samples of what Protestant morality can attain to, of what the Puritan ethic can putrefy down to, when deprived of..fresh reason and new science.

1913 J. London Valley of Moon II. xix. 296 She shared with Billy his horror of debt, just as both shared it with that early tide of pioneers with a Puritan ethic, which had settled the West.

1972 C. Weston Poor, Poor Ophelia (1973) v. 28 He beamed good cheer and the puritan ethic—work for the night is falling.

2002 Contemp. Sociol. 31 401/1 A careful examination of the interface of the Puritan ethic and the U.S. value of individualism explains..some of these ironies of U.S. life.

Puritan papist n. (and adj.) [compare slightly earlier puritano-papist n.] in later use historical a strict or austere Catholic, esp. a Jesuit; occasionally as adj.

ΚΠ

1602 J. Harington Tract Succession to Crown (MS, Chapter Libr. York Minster) (1880) Introd. 4 His writings..showe him to be not onely a Papist but (as a learned doctor of Oxforde tearmed one of the like profession) a Puritan Papist.

1605 G. Powel (title) A Refutation of an Epistle Apologeticall written by a Puritan-Papist.

1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis ii. 376 Perhaps though the Doctor will not account the Puritan Protestant, worthy the name of a Protestant, yet he thinks the Puritan Papist, or Jesuit, the onely Papist.

1689 R. Baxter Eng. Nonconformity 279 To this day the Oratorians are the most sober Puritan Papists.

1845 T. W. Coit Puritanism 452 This book..mentions familiarly together the names of Jesuits and Puritans... It calls the first ‘Puritan-Papist’, and the last ‘Puritan-Protestant’.

1974 F. Sandler in M. Lieb & J. T. Shawcross Achievements Left Hand 163 The danger to the monarchy and the Reformation came no longer from only one side, and he [sc. James I] spent his years exposing the errors of Papists and ‘Puritan-papists’.

2002 R. Barbour Lit. & Relig. Culture 17th-cent. Eng. ii. 90 It is just such a metamorphic epic that we find in such ‘godly’ diaries as that of Richard Norwood..and in the puritan-papist Ferrars.

Puritan spoon n. historical a type of silver spoon made in England in the 17th cent. having a flat plain handle and an almost oval bowl.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > cutlery > spoon > types of

maidenhead1495

slipc1530

Apostle spoon1631

tea-spoon1686

hall-spoon1688

pap spoon1691

tablespoon1741

dessert-spoon1808

salt-spoon1820

monkey spoon1833

Puritan spoon1875

sugar shell1895

seal-top1898

slotted spoon1900

absinthe spoon1905

trifid1927

1875 Times 1 June 10/7 Those called Puritan spoons on one of which (No. 16) will be found a fine clear stamp of the Court-hand B, adopted for the date in the time of Charles I, and Cromwell.

1909 Bull. Metrop. Mus. Art 4 106 Six Seal-head and eight Puritan spoons, the Master and Seven Apostles and seven Trefoil spoons range to the beginning of the eighteenth century.

1992 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) 17 Apr. 24/2 The most popular spoon during the 17th century was called the Puritan spoon.

Derivatives

puritaˈness n. a female puritan.

ΚΠ

1860 F. Wilford Play & Earnest xii. 193 What a famous Puritaness she would have made! I could just fancy old Noll paying his addresses to her.

1874 J. Miller Unwritten Hist.: Life amongst Modocs (new ed.) xv. 211 When woman arises and asserts herself, as the sharp-tongued, thin-lipped puritaness proposes,..man's arm will no longer be reached as a shield, but as a sword.

1993 San Francisco Chron. (Nexis) 18 Nov. The San Francisco Opera's new production..has one powerful, shining asset on its side—the superb performance of..the love-struck Puritaness Elvira.

ˈpuritanly adv. [compare earlier puritanically adv.] in the manner of a puritan; puritanically; austerely.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Puritanism > [adverb]

puritanically1706

puritanly1873

1873 Amer. Hist. Rec. Sept. 387/1 Its clergy as a body were rather more inclined to conservatism than their more Puritanly bred brethren.

1893 W. Walker Creeds & Platforms Congregationalism vi. 101 White was zealously introducing the Puritanly inclined members of this new land company to like-minded men in England.

1923 R. Frost Poems 161 As for what they were up to more than fishing—Suppose they weren't behaving Puritanly.

1993 G. Williams Renewal & Reformation ii. xx. 488 That minority among them still loyal to the Roman faith naturally saw in a Puritanly inspired Parliament and its adherents their most fanatical opponents.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	puritan
释义	puritann.adj. Brit. /ˈpjʊərᵻt(ə)n/, /ˈpjɔːrᵻt(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈpjʊrətn/, /ˈpjʊrəd(ə)n/ Forms: 1500s paretaine, 1500s puritayn, 1500s–1600s puritain, 1500s–1600s puritaine, 1500s–1600s puritane, 1500s– puritan, 1600s puiretane (Scottish), 1600s puretan, 1600s puritance (plural). Also with capital initial, esp. in sense A. 1. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element; perhaps modelled on a Latin lexical item, or perhaps modelled on a Greek lexical item. Etymons: Latin pūritās , -an suffix. Etymology: Probably < classical Latin pūritās purity n. + -an suffix, perhaps after post-classical Latin Cathari or its etymon Byzantine Greek Καθαροί (see note). Compare post-classical Latin puritanus (1609 in a British source), Middle French, French puritain (1587 or earlier in the works of Ronsard, with reference to England), Italian puritano (1598). With use as adjective compare Middle French, French puritain (1590).The word appears to be associated frequently in early use with the appellation of the Cathars, or Catharists (Byzantine Greek Καθαροί ; see quots. 1572 at sense A. 1a, 1573 at sense A. 1a, 1577 at sense A. 1b, and compare Cathar n.), and perhaps was originally intended as an allusion to that name. Since the name of the Cathars was first applied pejoratively by Epiphanius to the Novatianists and other dissident groups in the Early Church, the word would thus have conveyed the imputation of heresy. A. n. 1. a. A member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries, who regarded the reformation of the Church under Elizabeth I as incomplete and sought to remove any remaining elements of church practice (such as ceremonies, church ornaments, the use of musical instruments, and in some cases episcopal authority) which they considered corrupt, idolatrous, or unscriptural. Also: a member of any Presbyterian or other Protestant church or sect separated from the Church of England on points of ritual, doctrine, or church governance, on the grounds that they are at variance with ‘pure’ New Testament principles. Now chiefly historical.According to Stow (quot. a1605) the name Puritan was assumed by Anabaptist congregations in London, but he may be wrong in supposing that they adopted the designation themselves, since it otherwise appears consistently in early use as a term of reproach used by opponents and resented by those to whom it was applied (see also quot. 1655).Originally the name applied chiefly to those within the Church of England who sought further reform, especially in the direction of Presbyterianism, and who gained ascendancy during the Commonwealth period. Subsequently (and especially after the Restoration of 1660) it was applied to those who separated from the established episcopal Church as Presbyterians, Independents (Congregationalists), or Baptists, including many who were prominent in the colonization of the North American seaboard (especially New England). It is now used as a historical term without negative connotations. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Puritanism > [noun] > person Catharite1555 hot gospeller1562 puritan1565 precisian1571 Catharan1573 Puritant1580 disciplinarian1591 disciplinary1593 Catharist1600 saint1612 Perfectist1618 Cathar1637 prick ear1642 Jacobite1654 Catharinian1657 perfect1669 methodist1758 Perfectus1832 puritanizer1847 wowser1899 1565 T. Stapleton Fortresse of Faith f. 134^v We know to weare in the church holy vestements, and to be apparailled priestlike semeth..absurde to the Puritans off our countre, to the zelous gospellers of Geneva. 1566 J. Martiall Replie to Calfhills Blasphemous Answer viii. f. 185 May not some whote puritanes of the newe clergie be dispensed with for wearing of a longe gowne, square cap, and satten tippet? 1572 J. Whitgift Answere to Admon. 18 This name Puritane is very aptely giuen to these men, not bicause they be pure no more than were the Heretikes called Cathari, but bicause they think them selues to be mundiores ceteris, more pure than others, as Cathari did, and seperate them selues from all other Churches and congregations as spotted and defyled. 1573 T. Cartwright Replye to Answere Whitgifte 13 If you meane, that those are Puritanes or Catharans, which do set forth a true and perfect patern or platforme of reforming the church, then the marke of thys heresie reacheth vnto those, which made the booke of common prayer. 1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Aiij I knowe they are commonly called Puritans, and not amisse... They take themselues to be pure, when they are filthy in Gods sight. 1603 King James VI & I Basilicon Doron (1944) I. sig. B 4^v As to the name Puritanes, I am not ignorant that the style thereof doth properly belong onely to that vile sect amongst the Anabaptists, called the familie of loue; because they thinke themselves onely pure. a1605 J. Stow in Three 15th Cent. Chron. (1880) 143 About that tyme [sc. 1567] were many congregations of the Anabaptysts in London, who cawlyd themselvs Puritans or Unspottyd Lambs of the Lord. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 91 Though honestie be no Puritan, yet it will doe no hurt, it will weare the Surplis of humilitie ouer the blacke-Gowne of a bigge heart. a1625 J. Robinson in A. H. Drysdale Hist. Presbyterians in Eng. (1889) 5 (note) The Papists plant the ruling power of Christ in the Pope; the Protestants in the Bishops; the Puritans in the Presbytery; we [sc. Independents] in the body of the Congregation of the multitude called the Church. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 76 The English Bishops..began..urging the Clergy..to subscribe to the Liturgie, Ceremonies and Discipline of the Church, and such as refused..were branded with the odious name of Puritanes. A name which in this notion first began in this yeer [sc. 1564]. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 17 The Puritans..put on external appearances of great strictness and gravity: They took more pains in their parishes than those who adhered to the Bishops. a1779 W. Warburton Alliance Ch. & State iii. iii Those prudent and honest men..gave it as their deliberate judgment, ‘That the Puritans ought to conform, rather than make a schism: and that the church men ought to indulge the others' scruples, rather than hazard one’. 1825 T. B. Macaulay Milton in Edinb. Rev. Aug. 337 The Puritans, the most remarkable body of men perhaps which the world has ever produced. 1845 G. P. R. James Arrah Neil I. ii. 29 His master was a rigid man, a Puritan of the most severe cast. 1903 F. W. Maitland in Cambr. Mod. Hist. II. xvi. 590 Those who strove for a worship purified from all taint of popery (and who therefore were known as ‘Puritans’) ‘scrupled’ the cap and gown.., and ‘scrupled’ the surplice. 1970 Redemption Tidings 26 Feb. 7/1 The Puritans could preach: and that understatement does scant justice to their ability to preach for literally hours on end. 2005 C. Mann 1491 i. ii. 33 The Mayflower passengers are often called ‘Puritans’, but they disliked the name. Instead they used terms like ‘separatists’, because they separated themselves from the Church of England. b. A member of any religious group that advocates or aspires to special purity of doctrine or practice. ΚΠ 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. vi. xlii. 117 Novatus..became him selfe the author & ryngleader of his owne heretical sect, to wete: Of such as through their swelling pride do call themselues puritanes [Gk. Καθαροὺς]. 1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) iv. viii. 378 The Persians are a kinde of Catharists or Puritans in their impure Muhammedrie. 1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies ii. v. 24 The old Waldenses..were also named by their adversaries, Cathares or Puritanes. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 76 We need not speak of the ancient Cathari or Primitive Puritans. 1709 J. Johnson Clergy-man's Vade Mecum: Pt. II 48 By the Puritans we are to understand the Novatians, who would not commune with the Catholic church under pretence that her communion was polluted. 1871 W. W. Hunter Indian Musalmans 58 The Wahábis form..an advanced division of the Sunnis—the Puritans of Islám. 1882 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 11 422 In India the..sect known as Jangams..a sort of Hindu Puritans, always bury their dead in a sitting attitude. 1983 Asian Surv. 23 1021 Desai, a Hindu puritan, established a rapport with Carter the Baptist. 2004 Financial Times (Nexis) 26 Apr. 6 A Baghdad mosque run by strict Islamic puritans was plastered in posters denouncing the council members as imposters. c. A member of any non-religious group who practises or advocates strict or extreme adherence to its principles; a person who advocates or aspires to special purity or correctness in a field; a purist. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [noun] > rigour or severity of rules, judgement, or discipline > one who advocates strict adherence to rules puritan1841 jobsworth1970 1841 Times 12 Feb. 4/3 The political puritan Lord Listowel. 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 May 1/1 The Crofters Holdings Bill has been received..very quietly by the Puritans of ‘economic principle’. 1931 Musical Times Mar. 262/2 The puritan in Stravinsky scorned to adopt special means of making it [sc. his counterpoint] palatable. 1999 C. Bird Myth Liberal Individualism i. 40 Libertarians represent themselves as the puritans of liberal individualism. 2. Chiefly depreciative. A person who practices or who is characterized by extreme strictness or austerity in religion, morals, etc.A use arising from the fact that the early Puritans were known for the prominence which they attached to personal religion, for strictness and gravity of behaviour, and for plainness of dress and manners. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > [noun] > conformity to high standards > excessive > one who puritan1592 Savonarola1689 square-toes1771 1592 R. Greene Repentance sig. C3 When I had discouered that I sorrowed for my wickednesse..they fell vpon me in ieasting manner, calling me Puritane and Presizian. 1611 B. Rich Honestie of Age (1844) 55 He that hath not for euery word an oath..they say hee is a puritan, a precise foole, not fitte to hold a gentleman company. a1691 R. Baxter Reliquæ Baxterianæ (1696) i. i. 32 When they had been called by that name awhile, the vicious Multitude of the Ungodly called all Puritans that were strict and serious in a Holy Life, were they ever so conformable! 1759 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments v. §ii. 388 Licentiousness..was connected, according to the notions of those times, with generosity, sincerity, magnanimity, loyalty, and proved that the person who acted in this manner, was a gentleman, and not a puritan. 1798 C. Smith Young Philosopher III. 26 Brought up among the strait-laced..puritans of the United States. 1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 235 A puritan may go to his brown-bread crust with as gross an appetite as ever an alderman to his turtle. 1898 E. Thomas Let. in R. G. Thomas Edward Thomas (1985) iv I admire the Puritan and Puritanism; and so far, my maidenly debauchery of habit still leaves me a Puritan in life. 1962 S. Raven Close of Play i. iii. 40 And yet I am no puritan: I should be capable of enjoying sex by and for itself. 1992 H. Mitchell One Man's Garden ii. 24 The gardener's attention remains fixed on the marvelous things available to be grown rather than on tasks urged by ignorant puritans, such as chasing mice or pestering starlings. B. adj. 1. That is a puritan. puritan fathers: = Pilgrim Fathers n. at pilgrim n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Puritanism > [adjective] precise1560 Puritant1580 puritan1588 disciplinarian1591 disciplinary1591 pure1598 puritanical1598 puritanian1601 puritanic1606 kneeless1631 prick-eared1641 precisianicala1652 Catharistic1838 perfectionistic1884 hot-gospelling1891 Patarene1902 wowserish1933 1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epitome To Cleargie sig. A2 The Puritans are angrie with me, I meane the puritane preachers. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. 13/2 That Church of England, which alone is worthy to be called so, will bewail..the Injuries offered unto our Puritan Fathers. 1757 T. Smollett Compl. Hist. Eng. III. vi. 220 The king..sent instructions to the prelates of the kingdom, enjoining them..to take especial care that no puritan minister should be admitted into the church. 1806 in J. Thacher Hist. Plymouth (1832) 232 This is the 186th anniversary of the first landing of our puritan fathers. 1832 in J. Thacher Hist. Plymouth (1832) 324 The venerable pastor of the pilgrims, and his puritan associates. 1904 Burlington Mag. Jan. 54/2 The puritan ladies of England embroidered and worked in ‘hollie’ point many christian emblems as trimmings for their personal and household linen. 1942 Times 27 Nov. 2/3 Boston welcomed United States soldiers and airmen to the town from which the Puritan Fathers sailed for New England over 300 years ago. 2003 Amer. Music 21 397 Born at Monson, Maine..he included in his ancestry a galaxy of New England Puritan worthies. 2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of puritans, esp. the Puritans of the late 16th and 17th centuries; practising or characterized by strictness or austerity in religion, morals, etc. (frequently depreciative).In quot. 1607: hypocritical, dissembling. ΚΠ 1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. ii. sig. E^v Ile after him, And..seeme to beare a part In all his ills, but with a Puritane heart. 1638 W. Laud Diary 29 Apr. in Hist. Troubles (1695) 55 There is a great Concurrence between them [sc. in Scotland], and the Puritan Party in England. a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 33 The most Seraphical Illuminati, and the highest Puritan Perfectionists. 1729 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. IX. 350 The King himself took the Pains to answer the Archbishop's Arguments..upbraiding the Prelate with founding his Opinion on Puritan-Principles. 1746 E. Trott Serm. Present Rebellion 16 The Priests had a plenary Indulgence for entring themselves as Puritans into the Puritan Army. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxxvii. 147 He was no less frugal in his repasts than in his Puritan attire. 1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish iii. 40 Singing the hundredth Psalm, the grand old Puritan anthem. 1896 M. E. Wilkins Madelon 320 Dorothy in spite of his stern Puritan creed was yet dearer to him than that abstraction of her which he deemed her soul. 1924 Amer. Mercury Nov. 328/1 The Puritan suppression of the natural man no doubt persisted as a national trait and helped to keep much of our literature namby-pamby. 1985 S. Hastings Nancy Mitford i. 11 She had a strong puritan streak which led her to distrust pleasure on principle. Compounds Puritan conscience n. a strict individual conscience requiring high moral standards; cf. nonconformist conscience n. at nonconformist n. and adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > [noun] > conformity to high standards strictness1578 stricturea1616 Puritan consciencea1649 New Englandism1844 a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 39 Ochiltry, who had once the fairest, formalest and largest Puritan Conscience in the Kingdom. 1845 T. W. Coit Puritanism 521 (note) It is shown, with what a true Puritan conscience, some of the New Englanders treated the subject of slavery. 1901 R. Kipling Let. in C. E. Carrington Rudyard Kipling (1955) xiii. 318 Her Puritan conscience which she has inherited from her New England forbears still makes her take life too blame seriously. 1998 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 37 456 In discussing male honor codes in the early seventeenth century, Fletcher is willing to recognize the pull of the Puritan conscience. Puritan ethic n. a belief in the value of self-discipline and hard work; cf. Protestant work ethic n. at Protestant n. and adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun] > work ethic Puritan ethic1903 work ethic1945 1903 J. M. Robertson Ess. in Ethics 45 These samples of what Protestant morality can attain to, of what the Puritan ethic can putrefy down to, when deprived of..fresh reason and new science. 1913 J. London Valley of Moon II. xix. 296 She shared with Billy his horror of debt, just as both shared it with that early tide of pioneers with a Puritan ethic, which had settled the West. 1972 C. Weston Poor, Poor Ophelia (1973) v. 28 He beamed good cheer and the puritan ethic—work for the night is falling. 2002 Contemp. Sociol. 31 401/1 A careful examination of the interface of the Puritan ethic and the U.S. value of individualism explains..some of these ironies of U.S. life. Puritan papist n. (and adj.) [compare slightly earlier puritano-papist n.] in later use historical a strict or austere Catholic, esp. a Jesuit; occasionally as adj. ΚΠ 1602 J. Harington Tract Succession to Crown (MS, Chapter Libr. York Minster) (1880) Introd. 4 His writings..showe him to be not onely a Papist but (as a learned doctor of Oxforde tearmed one of the like profession) a Puritan Papist. 1605 G. Powel (title) A Refutation of an Epistle Apologeticall written by a Puritan-Papist. 1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis ii. 376 Perhaps though the Doctor will not account the Puritan Protestant, worthy the name of a Protestant, yet he thinks the Puritan Papist, or Jesuit, the onely Papist. 1689 R. Baxter Eng. Nonconformity 279 To this day the Oratorians are the most sober Puritan Papists. 1845 T. W. Coit Puritanism 452 This book..mentions familiarly together the names of Jesuits and Puritans... It calls the first ‘Puritan-Papist’, and the last ‘Puritan-Protestant’. 1974 F. Sandler in M. Lieb & J. T. Shawcross Achievements Left Hand 163 The danger to the monarchy and the Reformation came no longer from only one side, and he [sc. James I] spent his years exposing the errors of Papists and ‘Puritan-papists’. 2002 R. Barbour Lit. & Relig. Culture 17th-cent. Eng. ii. 90 It is just such a metamorphic epic that we find in such ‘godly’ diaries as that of Richard Norwood..and in the puritan-papist Ferrars. Puritan spoon n. historical a type of silver spoon made in England in the 17th cent. having a flat plain handle and an almost oval bowl. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > cutlery > spoon > types of maidenhead1495 slipc1530 Apostle spoon1631 tea-spoon1686 hall-spoon1688 pap spoon1691 tablespoon1741 dessert-spoon1808 salt-spoon1820 monkey spoon1833 Puritan spoon1875 sugar shell1895 seal-top1898 slotted spoon1900 absinthe spoon1905 trifid1927 1875 Times 1 June 10/7 Those called Puritan spoons on one of which (No. 16) will be found a fine clear stamp of the Court-hand B, adopted for the date in the time of Charles I, and Cromwell. 1909 Bull. Metrop. Mus. Art 4 106 Six Seal-head and eight Puritan spoons, the Master and Seven Apostles and seven Trefoil spoons range to the beginning of the eighteenth century. 1992 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) 17 Apr. 24/2 The most popular spoon during the 17th century was called the Puritan spoon. Derivatives puritaˈness n. a female puritan. ΚΠ 1860 F. Wilford Play & Earnest xii. 193 What a famous Puritaness she would have made! I could just fancy old Noll paying his addresses to her. 1874 J. Miller Unwritten Hist.: Life amongst Modocs (new ed.) xv. 211 When woman arises and asserts herself, as the sharp-tongued, thin-lipped puritaness proposes,..man's arm will no longer be reached as a shield, but as a sword. 1993 San Francisco Chron. (Nexis) 18 Nov. The San Francisco Opera's new production..has one powerful, shining asset on its side—the superb performance of..the love-struck Puritaness Elvira. ˈpuritanly adv. [compare earlier puritanically adv.] in the manner of a puritan; puritanically; austerely. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Puritanism > [adverb] puritanically1706 puritanly1873 1873 Amer. Hist. Rec. Sept. 387/1 Its clergy as a body were rather more inclined to conservatism than their more Puritanly bred brethren. 1893 W. Walker Creeds & Platforms Congregationalism vi. 101 White was zealously introducing the Puritanly inclined members of this new land company to like-minded men in England. 1923 R. Frost Poems 161 As for what they were up to more than fishing—Suppose they weren't behaving Puritanly. 1993 G. Williams Renewal & Reformation ii. xx. 488 That minority among them still loyal to the Roman faith naturally saw in a Puritanly inspired Parliament and its adherents their most fanatical opponents. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1565
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