reactorn.

Brit.

/rɪˈaktə/, U.S.

/riˈæktər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: react v.¹, -or suffix.

Etymology: < react v.¹ + -or suffix. In sense 1a after French réacteur (1794). Compare reacter n.

a. French History. A reactionary; spec. a Thermidorian (see Thermidorian n. a). Now rare.

ΚΠ

1836 tr. L. Bonaparte Memoirs (N.Y. ed.) 111 It was that which armed the factions of Vendemiaire; it was the most terrible arm of the reactors.

1842 Times 23 Aug. 4/4 Every word of his speech betrayed the fiery reactor of 1835.

1988 A. Soboul Understanding French Revol. iii. 54 The reactors of the Thermidorian period maintained the policy of the Robespierrist Commune on this point.

b. A person who (or, rarely, other organism which) reacts to a stimulus, displays a reaction, or acts in response to someone or something else, esp. under test or experimental conditions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > stimulation > [noun] > that which responds to

reacter1890

reactor1890

responder1937

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > [noun] > that which is experimented on or with > one who is experimented on > and reacts to stimulus

reactor1890

1890 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 3 382 The distinction itself Martius fully corroborates, finding it somewhat small in practiced reactors.

1907 Psychol. Rev. (Monogr. Suppl.) 8 iii. 314 In Series III. the reaction consisted in stopping a vertical movement... The reactor moved the pencil up and down against this vertical guide.

1951 Sociometry 14 242 This means that it [sc. a human organization] is a product of people repeated in three ways; once as actors, again as reactors to each other, and again as role-actors.

1961 Listener 30 Nov. 933/1 There may be some value in recording people's reactions to events and also the appearance of the reactors at any given moment.

1973 Black Panther 10 Nov. 3/4 They are not actors, but reactors, and not leaders, but followers.

1995 Social Psychol. Q. 58 248/1 (note) For actors involved in BIPs [= behavior interchange patterns], each has..one negative path of length 4 and one negative path of length 5 for each BIP in which she or he occupies the ‘reactor’ part.

c. Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. A person who or animal which displays a positive reaction in a test for a specific disease (esp. tuberculosis), indicating present or past infection.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [noun] > immune response > person

reactor1908

1908 Lancet 12 Sept. 828/2 Voluntary measures on the lines followed in Denmark by Bang, free tuberculin testing being offered on condition that ‘reactors’ be branded and isolated, [etc.].

1932 Amer. Rev. Tuberculosis 25 367 In this case the reactor was the sanatorium chef, who has never had tuberculosis.

1969 J. A. Myers & J. H. Steele Bovine Tuberculosis vi. 351 Since 1961, the [N.Z.] Government has provided the funds to pay for the tuberculin testing costs, and compensation for reactors sent to slaughter.

1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) xxvii. 376 Whereas only about 3 to 5% of young adults are tuberculin positive, the large majority of the elderly are tuberculin reactors.

2003 Farmers Guardian 14 Mar. 10/1 The maximum compensation payable..for an animal slaughtered because it is affected with brucellosis, or is a reactor when tested for the disease, will be £675.

2. A tank, vessel, or apparatus in which substances are made to react chemically, esp. one in an industrial plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus

bain1477

speculum1650

filtering paper1651

wheel-fire1662

filter paper1670

sun furnace1763

respirator1789

candle-ball1794

rectifier1822

candle-bomb1823

filter1823

oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823

shade1837

graduator1839

pipette1839

thistle funnel1849

pressure tube1852

ozonizer1858

dialyser1861

Liebig condenser1861

Sprengel pump1866

Sprengel tube1866

water softener1867

mercury pump1869

Bunsen burner1870

dialysator1877

test-mixer1877

tube-condenser1877

Kipp1879

reflux condenser1880

policeman1888

converter1889

pressure boiler1891

spot plate1896

hydrogen electrode1898

sampler1902

reactor1903

fume-chamber1905

Permutit1910

microburner1911

salt bridge1915

precipitator1919

Raschig ring1920

microneedle1921

titrator1928

laboratory coatc1936

spray tower1937

precipitron1938

ion exchanger1941

potentiostat1942

chemostat1950

Knudsen pipette1951

pH-stat1956

cryopump1958

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessels for other specific purposes > [noun] > in which chemical reaction occurs

reaction vessel1902

reactor1903

reaction chamber1909

1903 H. J. Stevens Copper Handbk. III. 57 The ‘reactor process’..is a patented system for the production of blister copper from mattes of all grades by a single fusion.

1928 Industr. & Engin. Chem. 20 290/2 By connecting several chambers in series, however, it is possible to dispose of the catalyst poison in the first chamber, thus protecting the contact material in subsequent reactors.

1939 World Petroleum May 42/2 The plant consists essentially of an assembly of three polymerization reactors, debutanizer, rerunning column for separation of polymer into dimer..and trimer,..with two nickel catalyst hydrogenation reactors for conversion of the dimer to finished iso-octane.

1978 Nature 22 June 582/1 The accident happened in a reactor used for the production of trichlorophenol.

2006 Chem. Engin. Sci. 61 6719/1 The temperature distribution in a large-scale reactor would not be uniform.

3. A coil or other piece of equipment which provides reactance in an electric circuit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > reactance > equipment providing

reactance1911

reactor1915

saturable reactor1929

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > transformer > [noun] > induction coil

pancake coil1910

reactor1915

induction coil1943

1915 H. B. Dwight Constant-voltage Transmission iii. 14 The name ‘synchronous condenser’..is not quite so appropriate when the machine is used with a constant-voltage transmission line, because for a large share of the time the current in the machine is not leading, but lagging, and the machine at that time does not behave as a condenser, but would more accurately be called a ‘synchronous reactor’.

1951 Engineering 9 Nov. 584/2 Each pair of ignitrons is capable of supplying a rectified current of 650 amperes at 600 volts, the 30 per cent ripple in which is reduced by the smoothing reactor.

1990 K. Chen Industr. Power Distribution & Illuminating Syst. vi. 92 A ground-fault neutralizer is a reactor connected between the neutral of a system and ground and having a specially selected relatively high value of reactance.

4. An apparatus, structure, or plant in which self-sustaining nuclear reactions can take place in a controlled way, typically for the purpose of power generation or the production of fissile material; = nuclear reactor n. at nuclear adj. and n. Compounds 2a.fast breeder, fusion, heavy water, power reactor, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear reactor > [noun]

atomic furnace1934

pile1942

atomic reactor1945

nuclear reactor1945

reactor1945

nuclear pile1946

atomic pile1947

1945 Herald-Press (St. Joseph, Mich.) 28 Nov. 3/4 I hope the University of California, Caltech and others in the area can find the ways and means to get started on a million kilowatt atomic reactor.

1947 Newsweek 8 Sept. 76/3 The tight-lipped Atomic Energy Commission did not tell all it knows about the new ‘reactor’. The active substance is plutonium.

1957 Economist 19 Oct. 256/1 A maximum limit of 20 per cent enrichment with uranium 235..is usually imposed on uranium exports from the US, and the limit is exceeded only in such special cases as the fuel core for Harwell's Dido research reactor.

1989 C. Caufield Multiple Exposures (1990) xv. 150 One year later, the fuel in the core of a military reactor on the same site caught fire.

2006 Foreign Affairs Sept.–Oct. 51 After the 1981 Israeli air strike on its Osirak reactor, it [sc. Iraq] started an underground gaseous diffusion facility to produce bomb-grade uranium.

Compounds

General attributive in sense 4, as reactor accident, reactor core, reactor fuel, reactor technology, etc.

ΚΠ

1946 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 90 75/1 The most obvious method of producing power from atomic fission is to heat a cooling agent such as air or steam or liquid metal in the chain reactor unit.

1950 Chemical Engin. Progress 46 110/1 It behoves this nation to keep in the forefront of reactor technology.

1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors xii. 144 Most of the neutrons in a reactor core..are produced at the instant of fission as the products of a reaction of great violence.

1975 Nature 16 Oct. 525/3 The air in the reactor room is maintained at a lower pressure than the air outside.

1984 G. H. Clarfield & W. M. Wiecek Nucl. Amer. vii. 177 But this..did not relieve the industry from the reactor accidents and controversy that dogged it from its earliest days.

1996 PC World Aug. 24/3 Plutonium-laced Mixed Oxide Fuel is not cost-effective as either a reactor fuel or a disposal method.

2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 4 Dec. i. 9/5 This would guarantee that the material could not be used secretly for nuclear weapons, because it would be enriched only to ‘reactor grade’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reactor
释义	reactorn. Brit. /rɪˈaktə/, U.S. /riˈæktər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: react v.¹, -or suffix. Etymology: < react v.¹ + -or suffix. In sense 1a after French réacteur (1794). Compare reacter n. 1. a. French History. A reactionary; spec. a Thermidorian (see Thermidorian n. a). Now rare. ΚΠ 1836 tr. L. Bonaparte Memoirs (N.Y. ed.) 111 It was that which armed the factions of Vendemiaire; it was the most terrible arm of the reactors. 1842 Times 23 Aug. 4/4 Every word of his speech betrayed the fiery reactor of 1835. 1988 A. Soboul Understanding French Revol. iii. 54 The reactors of the Thermidorian period maintained the policy of the Robespierrist Commune on this point. b. A person who (or, rarely, other organism which) reacts to a stimulus, displays a reaction, or acts in response to someone or something else, esp. under test or experimental conditions. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > stimulation > [noun] > that which responds to reacter1890 reactor1890 responder1937 the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > [noun] > that which is experimented on or with > one who is experimented on > and reacts to stimulus reactor1890 1890 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 3 382 The distinction itself Martius fully corroborates, finding it somewhat small in practiced reactors. 1907 Psychol. Rev. (Monogr. Suppl.) 8 iii. 314 In Series III. the reaction consisted in stopping a vertical movement... The reactor moved the pencil up and down against this vertical guide. 1951 Sociometry 14 242 This means that it [sc. a human organization] is a product of people repeated in three ways; once as actors, again as reactors to each other, and again as role-actors. 1961 Listener 30 Nov. 933/1 There may be some value in recording people's reactions to events and also the appearance of the reactors at any given moment. 1973 Black Panther 10 Nov. 3/4 They are not actors, but reactors, and not leaders, but followers. 1995 Social Psychol. Q. 58 248/1 (note) For actors involved in BIPs [= behavior interchange patterns], each has..one negative path of length 4 and one negative path of length 5 for each BIP in which she or he occupies the ‘reactor’ part. c. Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. A person who or animal which displays a positive reaction in a test for a specific disease (esp. tuberculosis), indicating present or past infection. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [noun] > immune response > person reactor1908 1908 Lancet 12 Sept. 828/2 Voluntary measures on the lines followed in Denmark by Bang, free tuberculin testing being offered on condition that ‘reactors’ be branded and isolated, [etc.]. 1932 Amer. Rev. Tuberculosis 25 367 In this case the reactor was the sanatorium chef, who has never had tuberculosis. 1969 J. A. Myers & J. H. Steele Bovine Tuberculosis vi. 351 Since 1961, the [N.Z.] Government has provided the funds to pay for the tuberculin testing costs, and compensation for reactors sent to slaughter. 1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) xxvii. 376 Whereas only about 3 to 5% of young adults are tuberculin positive, the large majority of the elderly are tuberculin reactors. 2003 Farmers Guardian 14 Mar. 10/1 The maximum compensation payable..for an animal slaughtered because it is affected with brucellosis, or is a reactor when tested for the disease, will be £675. 2. A tank, vessel, or apparatus in which substances are made to react chemically, esp. one in an industrial plant. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus bain1477 speculum1650 filtering paper1651 wheel-fire1662 filter paper1670 sun furnace1763 respirator1789 candle-ball1794 rectifier1822 candle-bomb1823 filter1823 oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823 shade1837 graduator1839 pipette1839 thistle funnel1849 pressure tube1852 ozonizer1858 dialyser1861 Liebig condenser1861 Sprengel pump1866 Sprengel tube1866 water softener1867 mercury pump1869 Bunsen burner1870 dialysator1877 test-mixer1877 tube-condenser1877 Kipp1879 reflux condenser1880 policeman1888 converter1889 pressure boiler1891 spot plate1896 hydrogen electrode1898 sampler1902 reactor1903 fume-chamber1905 Permutit1910 microburner1911 salt bridge1915 precipitator1919 Raschig ring1920 microneedle1921 titrator1928 laboratory coatc1936 spray tower1937 precipitron1938 ion exchanger1941 potentiostat1942 chemostat1950 Knudsen pipette1951 pH-stat1956 cryopump1958 society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessels for other specific purposes > [noun] > in which chemical reaction occurs reaction vessel1902 reactor1903 reaction chamber1909 1903 H. J. Stevens Copper Handbk. III. 57 The ‘reactor process’..is a patented system for the production of blister copper from mattes of all grades by a single fusion. 1928 Industr. & Engin. Chem. 20 290/2 By connecting several chambers in series, however, it is possible to dispose of the catalyst poison in the first chamber, thus protecting the contact material in subsequent reactors. 1939 World Petroleum May 42/2 The plant consists essentially of an assembly of three polymerization reactors, debutanizer, rerunning column for separation of polymer into dimer..and trimer,..with two nickel catalyst hydrogenation reactors for conversion of the dimer to finished iso-octane. 1978 Nature 22 June 582/1 The accident happened in a reactor used for the production of trichlorophenol. 2006 Chem. Engin. Sci. 61 6719/1 The temperature distribution in a large-scale reactor would not be uniform. 3. A coil or other piece of equipment which provides reactance in an electric circuit. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > reactance > equipment providing reactance1911 reactor1915 saturable reactor1929 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > transformer > [noun] > induction coil pancake coil1910 reactor1915 induction coil1943 1915 H. B. Dwight Constant-voltage Transmission iii. 14 The name ‘synchronous condenser’..is not quite so appropriate when the machine is used with a constant-voltage transmission line, because for a large share of the time the current in the machine is not leading, but lagging, and the machine at that time does not behave as a condenser, but would more accurately be called a ‘synchronous reactor’. 1951 Engineering 9 Nov. 584/2 Each pair of ignitrons is capable of supplying a rectified current of 650 amperes at 600 volts, the 30 per cent ripple in which is reduced by the smoothing reactor. 1990 K. Chen Industr. Power Distribution & Illuminating Syst. vi. 92 A ground-fault neutralizer is a reactor connected between the neutral of a system and ground and having a specially selected relatively high value of reactance. 4. An apparatus, structure, or plant in which self-sustaining nuclear reactions can take place in a controlled way, typically for the purpose of power generation or the production of fissile material; = nuclear reactor n. at nuclear adj. and n. Compounds 2a.fast breeder, fusion, heavy water, power reactor, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear reactor > [noun] atomic furnace1934 pile1942 atomic reactor1945 nuclear reactor1945 reactor1945 nuclear pile1946 atomic pile1947 1945 Herald-Press (St. Joseph, Mich.) 28 Nov. 3/4 I hope the University of California, Caltech and others in the area can find the ways and means to get started on a million kilowatt atomic reactor. 1947 Newsweek 8 Sept. 76/3 The tight-lipped Atomic Energy Commission did not tell all it knows about the new ‘reactor’. The active substance is plutonium. 1957 Economist 19 Oct. 256/1 A maximum limit of 20 per cent enrichment with uranium 235..is usually imposed on uranium exports from the US, and the limit is exceeded only in such special cases as the fuel core for Harwell's Dido research reactor. 1989 C. Caufield Multiple Exposures (1990) xv. 150 One year later, the fuel in the core of a military reactor on the same site caught fire. 2006 Foreign Affairs Sept.–Oct. 51 After the 1981 Israeli air strike on its Osirak reactor, it [sc. Iraq] started an underground gaseous diffusion facility to produce bomb-grade uranium. Compounds General attributive in sense 4, as reactor accident, reactor core, reactor fuel, reactor technology, etc. ΚΠ 1946 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 90 75/1 The most obvious method of producing power from atomic fission is to heat a cooling agent such as air or steam or liquid metal in the chain reactor unit. 1950 Chemical Engin. Progress 46 110/1 It behoves this nation to keep in the forefront of reactor technology. 1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors xii. 144 Most of the neutrons in a reactor core..are produced at the instant of fission as the products of a reaction of great violence. 1975 Nature 16 Oct. 525/3 The air in the reactor room is maintained at a lower pressure than the air outside. 1984 G. H. Clarfield & W. M. Wiecek Nucl. Amer. vii. 177 But this..did not relieve the industry from the reactor accidents and controversy that dogged it from its earliest days. 1996 PC World Aug. 24/3 Plutonium-laced Mixed Oxide Fuel is not cost-effective as either a reactor fuel or a disposal method. 2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 4 Dec. i. 9/5 This would guarantee that the material could not be used secretly for nuclear weapons, because it would be enriched only to ‘reactor grade’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1836
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